Front matter, Volume 16

"ANTIQl'ITATES SEU FIISTORIAilUM RELIQUI1E StJNT TANQUAM TABUL1E NAUFRAGII; CUM, DEFICIEN1'E E'r FERE SUBMEilSA 1mn.u111 MEI\IORIA, NIHILOMD!US HOMINES INDUSTRII ET SAGACES, PERTINACI QUADAM 1!:'l' SCRUPULOSA DILIGEN'rIA, EX GENEALOGIIS, FASTIS, TITULIS, MONUMEN1'IS, NUMISMJI.TIIlUS, NOHINIBUS PROPRIIS ET S'l'YLIS, VERBORUM E'l'YMOLOGIIS, PROVERBIIS, TRADITIONIBUS, ARCHJ.VIS, ET INSTfi'OMEN'l'IS, TAM PUBLICIS QUAM PRIV.A.'l'IS, HISTORIARU!II I~RAGMENTIS, LJBRORUM NEUTIQUAM HISTORICORUM LOClS DISPERSIS,- EX HIS, INQUAM1 01\HENsE Boox OF JA.MES MA.STER. Part II., A.D. 1655-57. Transcribed by Mrs. Max. Dalison, edited by the Rev. Canon Scott Robertson, M.A . ......... .. .......... ............ 241 20. CHA.RING CuuncH. By Jol.n Sayer, J.P . ...... ............... 2G0 21. Tmll ARcnrnPISCOl'AL MANOR HousE AT CH.A.RING. By Jolin Sayer, J.P. . ................ , ... : ........ ........ .......... 266 22. ON AN ALTAR SLA.n 1,•ouNn IN I-Ioua1uM Cnuncu. By the Rev. E. R. Orger, M.A. .. ............................... 269 23. WAoEs JN A .D. Hl2l, ANJJ lNNKEErEn.s' BILLS JN 1G68. By F. F. Gfraud, Town Clerk of Favoraba,m ....... .. ... 270 24. ON BR,\.SSEs AND Sr,.rns IN SuNDRIDGE Cuu n,cn. By the late Rev. Herbert Ha,ines.. .. .. . . . .. . .. .. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. 275 25. WEST WrcKHAM CnuRcff. By Geo1:9e Olincli ......... ...... 277 26. QuA.RRY HousE ON FRINDSBUrtY HJ:LL. By the Rev. Canon Scott Robertson, J1:l.A . ...................... .. ......... 285 27. CHURCIIW A.RDENS' AcconN•rs OF ST. DuNSTA.N's, O.A.NTERnu n.Y, 1484-1514. By J.M. Oowpe1·, F.R.Hist.Soc . ... 289 28. S•r. EANSWITII's REJ,IQUARY IN FoLKESTONE CHuRcrr. By the Rev. Canon Scott Robm·tson, M.A . ........ .... ......... 322 29. Cnuncn PLATE IN KEN'l.'. By the Rev. Canon Scott Robertson, JJil.A. .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. 327 Part I. Chronological List of Old Church Plate made between A..D. 1485 and A.D. 1761 ...... 368 Index of Parishes and Donors ............... ... ...... 4:-33 30. DR. HENRY H. DRAKE'S HUNDRED OF BLA.OKHEA.TH, being P art I. of his new edition of Haated's History of Kent ····•············· ···••t••···················· .. ····••·•••··· ··· 440 31. INDEX .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. • . . . 447 ILL U STRATI O N S. PA.GE 1. Roman Jug of Bronze and Vase of Glass ........... to face 2 2. Roman Armillro and Ring .................... .... .. . ...... to face 9 3. Roman Coffin of Lead ..................... ............... to face 10 'ronb1·idge Castle, 8 Views :- 4. No. 8. Port and Mount (north elevation) ......... toface 22 5. No. 1. Plan of the Port, ground floor, to face baclc of No. 3, between 22 and 23 6. No. 2. ,, ,, first and second floors ... to face 23 7. No. 6. North Wi~clow on firsi; floor, elevation plan and section ......... ... .................. ............ to face 24 8. No. 4. Port, Longitudiual Section ........... . ... ... to face 25 9. Bird's Eye View of Tonbridge in A.D. 1260 ....... .. to face 26 10. No. 5. Port, Transverse Section ..... ................ to face 28 11. • No. 7. Port, South East View of Interior of Ruin. to face 30 12. Lullingstone Rood Screen ... ... ............ ......... ...... to face 99 13. Ditto ditto Elevation of Centre ...... ... to face 100 14. Tomb of Sir John Peche in Lu\lingstone Church ... to face 103 15. Details on north side of Sir John Peche's Tomb .... .. to face 104 16. Gateway of Lullingstone Castle ... ............. ........ to face 106 17. Plan of Earthwork in Squerryes Park ......... ......... toface 136 18. Barfreston Church Exterior, A.D. 1840 ............ ...... toface 144 19. Ditto ditto Interior ... ... ........... : ............ to face 146 20. Ditto ditto Pattern of Stone Carving ... .......... .. on 147 Erith Church :- 21. Sketch of Destroyed Norman Details ..... . ... ... to face 152 22. Exterior of North Wall of the Chancel ............ toface 154 28. Interior from the North West ...... .. ................ to fa-ce 156 24. Sections of Mouldings .......................... ....... to face 158 25. Gable of the Butchery, Ashford .. ................ ... ... to face 170 26. Plan of St. Laurence Church, Thanet ......... ......... toface 207 27. Capitals of Columns in St. La.urence Cbnrch ......... toface 208 viii ILLUSTRATIONS, l'AGE Frindsbury Church Wall Pai.ntings :- 28. St. Edmund, Archbishop 0£ Canterbury ...... ... to face 225 29. St. Laurence ...... ... ... .................. ... ... ......... toface 226 30. St. William of Perth and St. Leonard ............ to face 227 31. West Wickham Church; Interi01· and Exterior ...... to face 277 32. Quarry House on Frindabury Hill. Plan ......... ... to face 285 33. Quarry House. Elevation ........ .... ............ ......... toface 286 34. St. Eanswith's Reliquary in Folkstone Church ....... ..... on 322 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. Old Church Plate:- Walmer Paten, A.D. 1485 ................................ . on 328 Sandwich Cup, .A..D. 1525 ... ........... ................... on 329 Swingfield Cup, A.D. 1562 ..................... ...... to face 339 Lenbam Cup, .A..D. 1562 ............................... ... on 339 W esterham Cup, made at Nuremberg ............ to face 341 Hothfield Cup :Bowl ............... .A..D, 1562 .......... .. on 841 Mrl:l. Ludwell'a Cup at Charing, .A..D. 1599 ......... ... on 3,1.2 West Malling Jug of Delftware, .A..D. 1581 .. . ...... ... on 343 Westwell Flagou ......... ......... A.D. 1594 .. ....... .. . on 844 Dover Flagon ............. .. ......... A.D. 1G36 ...... to face 346 Upper Harn) ...... £123 11 0 . G. E. Hannam, Esq. (Tltanet)............... 46 10 0 Aug, A. Arnold, Esq. (R.ocliestc1•) ......... 28 10 O W. Wightwick, Esq. (li'ollwstorw) ......... 23 10 O Geo. Payne, Junior, Eaq. (Sittvngbowrnc) 22 10 O J. D. Norwood, Eaq. (AslifO'l'iJ) ............ 18 15 O 0, Powell, Eaq. (Tunb1·iiJgo Wells) ......... 18 8 6 G. F. Carnell, Eaq. (Scvcnoalta) ............ 11 13 6 J, Humphery, Esq. (New llommey)......... 17 10 6 Mr, F. Bunyard (MaiiJston1J) ............... 17 10 6 J, W. Hott, Esq, (B1•omloy) .............. .... 15 4 O J, F. Wadmore, Esq, (Tunb1•idgo) ......... 14 10 0 Rev. W. A. Scott Robertson.................. 14 O O F. 0, J. Spurrell, Esq. (Belvedere) ......... 11 O O F. F. Giraud, Esq. (Fa-v01•altam) ............ 10 O O H. B. Mackeaon, Esq. (Hytlie) ........ .... 9 O O W. T. Neve, Esq, (Oranb1•oolt) ............ 9 O O Rev. S. 0. T, Bea.le (Tent01•dcn) ............ 8 10 O Rev. J, A. Boodle (Malling).................. 3 14 0 Rev. W. F. Shaw (.Eaat?-1;) .. ... .. .... ..... .. 2 O O The Bankers....................................... 123 9 6 261 3 9 26 10 11 10 4 6 663 16 6 £840 16 8 SOCIETY. Ja,nuary; to tke 31st of :December, 1884. Invested in Three per Cent, Consols (the Compositions paid by six Members for Life) ................................................. • ... • Cost of Archreologia Oantiaina, Vol. XV. (in addition to £238 6s. 6d, paid in 1883) :- Printers and Binders (Mitchell and Hughes) ... £164 12 0 Lithographer (C. F. Kell)........................... 6 3 0 Rent of the Society's Room in Maidstone Museum ................... .. Salary of the Clerk and Curator, one year £30 ; and small Bills • .. Additional Cost of the Annual Meeting last year, to Mitchell and Hughes for printing Tickets ........................................... .. Mitchell and Hughes, printing Church Plate Circulars, and for Books ...................................... .................................... . Cost of the Annual Meeting (1884) at Sevenoaks:- H. T. Tidy, printing Circulars and other papers £4 1 0 Postage of Circular Programmes..................... 3 16 8 Mitchell and Hughes, printing Tickets . ....... .... 2 18 0 J. Moore, Esq., Balance of Meeting Expenses .. . 2 12 6 Annual Subscription to publication of the Records called Pipo Rolls Petty Oash ...................................... .................................... . Balances at the Bankers, Dec. 31st, 1884 :- Wigan, Mercers, and Oo ............................................. . Hammond aud Co. . ..................................... ........... .. Examined and approved, 28 Jv,7,y, 1885. EDWARD MOORE, HERBERT HORDERN. £ s. ii,, 30 0 0 170 16 0 20 0 0 30 16 0 2 18 0 4 10 0 13 7 2 1 1 0 20 3 4 320 10 11 226 14 3 £840 15 8 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS, 1884-5. TJIE Council met at Mnidstone, on the 21st 0£ March, 1884, unde1• the presidency 0£ the Earl Amherst ; nine members were present. It waa resolved that the next Annual Meeting should be held at Sevenoaks. • Fifteen new members were elected. On the 2'lth 0£ June the Council met at the house of the Earl Amherst in Grosvenor Square, London, under his Lordship's presidency. There were present the Earl Stanhope, Viscount Holmesdale, and ten other members of Council. The programme of the Annual Meeting was settled. The thanks of the Society were voted to Mr. George Payne, F.S.A., for his services as Local Secretary of the Society at Sittin~bourne, and for much other help. As he has gone to reside m Su:ffolk, the Council elected G. E. Elliott, Esq., to be Local Secretary for Sittingbourne, and John Copland, Esq., of Sheerness, to be Secretary of the Isle of Sheppey. Seven new members were elected. The Earl Amherst mentioned that with very much 1•egret he desired to announce, that the infirmities of age now render the duties of the President a tax upon his strength, which his physical powers are not able to beat' with comfort to himself. He therefo:re wished that at the Annual Meeting the Society should elect a new President. . This announcement was received with profound sorrow, and the Council thn.nked Lord Amherst very_ heartily £or the services his Lordshi_p has ao long 1•endered to the Society, and nlao £or his kindly hospitality and courtesy to the Oquncil during many years pnat. xl MEETING AT SEVENOAKS, 1884. The Annual Meeting commenced at Sevenoaks on Wednesday, July 30th, 1884:. The Preliminary Meeting £or despatch of business was held in the Sennock Arms, Sir Walter Stirling Bart., in the Chair. The following Report was read by Canon Scott Robertson, Honorary Secretary:- In presenting their Twenty-seventh Annual Report, your Council feel it right to give the first place to an announcement which they have received with the deepest regret from Earl .Amherst, the Society's honoured President, that his physioal strength is no longer equal to the discharge of the public duties of that office. They · are sure that the members will lament, with them, Lord Amherst's wish to resign. During eighteen yea.rs the noble Earl has taken the liveliest interest in the welfare of our Society. He has personally presided at fourteen Annual Meetings ; and has punctually attended the Business Meetings of the Council. The genial courtesy, and considerate kindness, with which he has done this, have won from our members such esteem and grateful recognition as approximate very nearly to affectionate regard. This regard for their honoured President enables them to derive some consolation from the hope that by relinquishing the burden of public duties his Lordship's useful life may be prolonged for many years to come. The Council are happy in being able to say that Earl Sydney, Lord Lieutenant of the County, has kindly consented to be nominated for the President's office. During the twelve months last past 46 new members have joined the Society, and other oandidates await election at your hands to-day. The sum of £60 received for Life Compositions has been invested in 8 per cent. Consols. The Fifteenth Volume of A.rckreologia Cantiana was sent out in February 1884. It contains 476 pages and 36 plates. It is the seventh volume issued in the ten years, 1874r-84, during which the present Secretary hM been sole Editor. These seven volumes (IX. to XV.) contain 3580 pages, or an average of 358 pages for each year's subscription of 10s. During the past twelve months, in response to renewed applica.tions, descriptions of nearly 200 additional sets of Parish Church Plate have been obtained, making about 400 in all. The thanks of the Council are due to the Rev. J. A. Boodle, and to J. F. Wadmore, Esq., for much help in this matter. Engravings from some of the Elizabethan plate have already been prepared by the Society's engraver, and others are in progress. It is hoped that the book on Kentish Church Plate may be issued next year. The thanks of the Society are due to the 25 gentlemen who kindly act as Honorary Local Seoretaries. They have been diligent in forwarding subsoriptions. During the past eight weeks nearly £200 has been paid into our :Bankers. Consequently the sum of £442 this day stands to the Society's oredit at the l3a.nks, and the Council feel justified in proceeding with another volume of our A.rckreol<>gia, of whioh several sheets n,re now in type. The Counci~ are sorry to lose from their number Mr. George Payne, who wM one of our aotive Local Secretaries. He has gone to reside in Suffolk. His departure, and hi:" absence to-day, will be regretted by many. His place as Local Secretary will be supplied by two gentlemen, Mr. Elliott of Sittingbourne, and Mr. Copland of Sheerness; but in other departments of work Mr. Payne's departure leaves a great gap. In fondnellS for excavations (whereby he discovered many Roman antiquities), and in power of directing our vehicular arrangements at the Annual Meetings, Mr. Payne's activity WM very similar to that of our valued friend Mr. Spurrell ; by whom as by all of us Mr. Payne's useful help was highly appreciated. The Counoil hope that otheD members mal be incited to come forward and assist in filling the gap left by Mr. Payne s regretted departure. At Sevenoaks the Society is being welcomed for the·second time with great cordiality. Thirteen years have elapsed since our former visit; and the routes to be taken this year are entirely different from those then adopted. The SUNDRIDGE CHURCH. 'xli Council cannot wish anything more desirable than that the fresent meeting may be a,s successful and as much enjoyed a.s wa.s the Society s former meeting a.t Sevenoaks. It was moved by Archdeacon Harrison, seconded by Robert Furley, Esq., J.P., and carried unanimously: " That the Report be adopted; and that the grateful THA.NKS of the Society be tendered to the Right Honourable the EA.RL AMHERST for his kindly courtesy, and unremitting services as President of the Society during eighteen years ; and that our thanks be accompanied by an expression 0£ the Society's peartfelt regret that his Lordship :finds his strength to be now unequal to the discharge 0£ those kindly services which the Society highly values." It was moved by Sir Walter Stirling, seconded by G. E. Hannam, Esq., J.P., and carried unanimously: "That the Riglit Honourable the Earl Sydney, G.C.B., Lord Lieutenant 0£ Kent, be elected President 0£ the Society." GRA.'NVILLE LEVESON-GOwER, Esq., F.S.A., J.P., Dr. E. F. ASTLEY, J.P., and J. D. No:awoon, Esq., were then elected members of the Council. 'l'he Rev. Canon Edward Moo1·e and Herbert Hordern, Esq., were elected Auditors £o1• the year. The THA.'NKS of the Society were voted to R. C. HusSEY, Esq., F.S.A.., for many years of service a-a an Auditor, with an expression of regret that £ailing health compels him to relinquish his position as a member of the Council, and his post as Auditor. Eight new ~embers were elected. Carriages conveyed the members to SUNDI!.IDGE Cnun.oH, where they were welcomed by the Rector, the Rev. Egerton D. Hammond, and the Church was described by Canon Scott Robertson, his remarks being supplemented by Archdeacon Harrison and the· Rev. G. B. Lewis. SUNDRIDGE CHURCH. The striking features of this church are its Early.English arcades, north and south ~.f t~e nave, each of t~ree bays, a,nd its clerestory 0£ small quatre£o1l wmdows. The loftmess of the roof, occasioned by the clerestory, and the grace of the lofty arcades, give a character to the building. Traces of the shafts of an Early English east, window of three lancets may be seen at the sides of the existing Per.eendicular window 0£ :five lights; a beautiful Early English piscma with two drain-bowls and shaft is in the chancel. There may be traces of the original Norman church in the south-west pier 0£ the chancel on its southern side; the coigns and a string are of earlier date than the rest of the work around. The aisles were both of them l'aised during the :fifteenth century; they and the tower are of the Perpendicuhl.r 1:1tyle. xlii SUNDRIDGE. CHURCH. Traces of the earlier aisle roof, visible beneath the clerestory windows, can be seen in the south aisle. The doorway 0£ the rood-loft stair remains in the south chancel at its west end. In the north chancel at the east end is the canopied altar-tomb of John Isley, who died in 1484. The conventional Tudor flower is seen upon its cresting. The brass effigies 0£ John Isley and his wife were at the back 0£ the tomb; but these effigies and three shields on the front are now blank. A cruciform monumental brass for John Delarue has been robbed of its brass ; but the French words Priez and jowrs can be traced around the matrix. On the north side of the chancel is a monumental brass for Thomas Isley and Elizabeth Guldeford, by whom be had ten sons and three daughters. He died in the 11th year of Henry VIII., 1520. The arms of Isley impaled with Guldeford are on the stone (E1rmine, a fess gules, IsLEY). A. fine brass in the chancel commemorates Roger Isley, Lord of Sundridge and of Farningham, who died in 1429. West of it is a good brass for a civilian, who died circa 1460. On the floor of the north chancel are some diamond-shaped red tiles, upon one of which is the date 1659, and on another 1675. Combe Bank, a very beautiful residence in this parish, once the pl'operty of the Isleys, was purchased in the reign of George II. by Colonel John Campbell, who became the fourth Duke of Argyll in 1761. He resided much there, and his family did much for this church. Thefr memorials are in the chancel on both sides. The Duke's wife, the Hon. Maria Bellenden, is commemorated on the north side by a mural monument of unusual character, which was erected and sculptured by Mrs . .Anna Seymour Darner, her granddaughter, who likewise carved a marble head for a monument, on the south side of the chancel, in memory of her mother, Lady Caroline Campbell, who married Henry Seymour Conway, and died in 1808. • This church was much cared £or and repaired by Lord Fi·ederick Campbell, third surviving son of the fourth Duke, who gave him Combe "Bank. Lord Frederick was buried here in 1816, and he, with his wife, Mal'y Meredith, widow of the Earl Jl"'errers, is commemorated by a monument on the north side of the chancel. The talented lady sculptor, Mrs. Seymour Darner, nee Conway, was herself buried here in 1828, aged 80. The stained glass behind the tomb of the Duchess of Argyll has a figure of Hannah; that behind Lady Caroline's tomb represents St. Bartholomew. , A. three-light window in the south aisle commemorates William Urquhart Arbuthnot, who died in December 1874. A tablet on the north wall of the chancel commemorates William Manning of Combe Bank, the father of Cardinal Manning. He died in 1835, aged 72. A north window commemorates Dr. George Doyly, Rector of Lambeth and of Sundridge, who died in 1846. In the south • chancel are mural monuments commemorating• MEETING AT SEVENOAKS, 1884. xliii various members of the family of Hyde, which possessed the Manoi• of Sundridge £or more than 150 years. Memorials remain of John Hyde (ob. 16'77), Humphrey Hyde (ob. 1709), and Elizabeth his wife (ob. 1713), Henry Hyde (ob. 1706), John Hyde· (ob. 1729), and Frances, daughter of John Hyde, who married Dr. Peter Shaw, and died in 1767. The dedication of this church is not known. Very few instances of such lack 0£ knowledge occur in Kent; but Keaton, East Farleigh, Down, and Ashurst are like Sundridge in this respect, I believe . .A.t WlilsTERJI.A.M, by the kindness 0£ Mr. Leveson-Gower, all the houses of interest were rendered conspicuous by placards in large type, calling attention to one as the birthplace 0£ General Wolfe, to 11,nother as a residence for some months of the great Lord Chatham, to a third as the old Manor House, and to others. At SQUERRYES PARK the company were most hospitably welcomed and entertained by Colonel C. A. M. Warde and the Hon. Mrs. Warde, who permitted the members (over 200 in number) to be conducted by Canon Scott Robertson over the whole of their charming old Mansion, full of Queen Anne furniture, ,pictures, china, and tapestry. Luncheon of a most recliercM description was admirably served under the fine trees on the lawn. Mr. Leveson-Gower had arranged in the Rall a large collection of documents, plate, and other objects of interest, together with the large volumes of General Wolfe's MS. Letters to his parents and friends at home. These were explained by Mr. Leveson-Gower and Mr. Wilfred Cripps. • Canon Scott Robertson's description of the house and its contents is printed upon pp.134-141 of this volume. Sir Walter Stirling and Mr. Robert Furley expressed to Colonel Warde and the Hon. Mrs. Wal'de the grateful thanks of the Society for tbe extremely hospitable and graceful manner in which they had been so good as to receive the Society. Hearty cheers for the host and hostess were enthusiastically given. WESTEIUIA.M Omrnon WM described by Granville LevesonGower, Esq., whose charming little book on WESTERHAM is to be ob~ained _of the Vicar, Rev. H. C. Bartlett, price 2s. 6d., its sale bemg entll'ely for the benefit of the Church Restoration Fund. • At CnEVENING PARK the members were received by the Earl and Countess Stanhope, who had invited the elite of the neighbourhood to a garden party to meet the Society. Lord Stanhope and Canon Scott Robertson conducted the company over the whole house, and to see the Roman monuments in the garden. The description of the house is printed in this volume on pp. 127-183. At CB:EVENING Cmrao:e: the Society was welcomed by the Rev. Thomas Sikes, Rector. The paper read here by Canon Scott Robertson is printed on pp. 114-126 of this volume. - - -· The DINNER was served at 6.15 J.>.M. in the Ball Room of the Orowu Hotel at Sevenoaks, the Earl Stanhope presiding. xliv MEETING AT SEVENOAKS, 1884. • After dinner SEVENOAKS CHURCH was visited. It was described by the Rector, the Rev. T. S. Curteis, and by Mr. Loftu.~ Brock. A.t a very late hour a short meeting was held in the Odd Fellows' Hall, where a MS. Note-book of Lord Cornwallis, First Lord of the Admiralty in 1692, kindly lent by Viscount Holtnesdale, was exhibited and examined. On July 31st carriages left the Crown Hotel, Sevenoaks, at 10 A.M., and calling en route at the Tubs Hill and Bat-and-Ball Stations conveyed the members to 0TFORD fuNoR HousE, once a favourite residence of the Archbishops of Canterbury. Mrs. Russell welcomed the Society, and Canon Scott Robertson described the ruins. At 0TFORD CHUROH addresses were given by Mr. Loftus Brock, Archdeacon Harrison, Canon .Alcock, and the Rev. G. B. Lewis. Eynsford Church was described by Oanon Scott Robertson in the following paper :- EYNSFORD OHCROH (St. Martin). " In the time of Archbishop Dunstan, Eynsford was given by a Saxon named 1Elphege to the monastery of Christ Church, Canterbury. Consequently, a church was erected here long before the Norman Conquest. "The existing building shews no trace of the Saxon church, and very few positive features of a N01·man character. Its most beautiful portions (the eastern apse, and the south transept) are of the Early English style; but considerable alterations were made in the church during the Decorated period; and its symmetry was entirely spoiled during Tudor or late Perpendicular times. " .A.t present its utter lack of symmetry, and the remarkable variation in the levels of its flooring, give to it a singularly unattractive appearance. In reality, however, the church possesses many interesting features, and will repay an attentive study of its details. " The apse at its east end, and the Gallilee porch at the west end, are both of them remarkable features. The dimensions of the chancel, about 46 feet 8 inches long, with a general breadth of 25 feet 3 inches, and a width of 18 feet 10 inches at the chord or entrance of the apse; and the singular elevation of the chancelfloor by four deep steps, above that of the nave (caused by the hilly site on which it stands), are at once noteworthy. The nave-floor ascends gradually, without a step, from west to east; while the south transept is upon a level higher than that of the nave, but lower than that of the chancel. .A. few years ago, when the church was restored, the level of the nave-floor was lowered very much, by digging away the earth. "The only wall that can be pronounced without doubt to be· Norman is the south wall of the chancel. High up in it we see EYNSFORD CHURCH. xlv traces of the round heads 0£ two original Norman windows.* The opposite north wan of this chancel was removed, circa A..D. 1200, when a north aisle was erected, which opened into the chancel by an Early English arcade of two bays with good mouldings. That chancel-aisle was destroyed during the Tudor period ; but the arches of its arcade were preserved, t and still can be seen in situ, built up with masonry into which were inserted two small windows with internal hoods, on shafts. On the interior these windows appear to be Norman or Transitional in style ; on the exterior they have a labelled arch of Tudor fashion. " When that north aisle was added to the chancel, it is probable that the apse was altered, as it now contains three lofty lancetwindows, the interior arches of which are very well moulded, and have banded shafts with bell capitals. The caps 0£ the central hood are slightly higher than those attached to the flanking lancets. The apse is extremel.r lofty, and its roof is higher than that of the chancel. In the south coign of the entrance to the apse there are two stones with Norman carving. One forms a projecting bracket perforated with a large round hole, such as might be used to hold a candle, or many other things. "In the apse there is a double piscina beneath a well-moulded trefoiled arch, springing from round shafts, the bases of which have the tongued or leaf-like ornament, so common in the period of Transition, between pure Norman and pure Early English. The western basin of the piscina is octagonal, flower-like, and deeply ilute_d ; the other basin is circular and plain. "It has been suggested, not without probability, that when the Norman chancel was altered in the Transition and Early English periods, the Norman arch between • it and the nave was left in position ; and that during the fourteenth century that arch was removed from the chancel and inserted into the tower to form a western doorway. Certainly, the beautiful Norman arch 0£ the tower's west door has been strangely treated. The tympanum is filled in with stonework, not originally cut to :fit it, and that carved stonework rests upon a wooden transom. Below all this a later Pointed doorway has been inserted, the stone jambs of which have hollow mouldings stopped with the small half-pyramid, sometimes called the ' dagger sto_p.' There is no indication of Norman work in the tower itself, and its eastern arch is a pointed one, probably of the time of King Richard II. There is, therefore, considerable probability attaching to the suggestion that the Norman west doorway of the tower was originally a chancel arch. Its head is enriched with the double-chevron moulding; its shafts are round, with carved caps resting on cable mouldings. These shafts are well carved and resemble some in Ernul£'s crypt at Canterbury Cathedral, and oth'.ers * The Rev. Arthur Hussey failed to see these traces of Norman windows; so in his Okurakes of Kent and Sussex, p. 66, he suggests that the chancel may hn.ve been added to the apse at a later period, t Sir Stephen Glynne did not notice that these arches go thJ:ough the wu.11 and are visible from the ohurchya1·d. He therefore suggested that they had been built in preparation for a groined roof of tl1e chancel. · .:xlvi MEETING AT SEVENOAKS, 1884. at Barfresto:i:J Church. The stonework of the tympanum has a diaper of lozenge pattern carved upon it. " So far as we can judge from the very slight indications r~maining, the Norman Church seems to have been long, and without aisles. The position of its tower is a matter of considerable doubt. It is quite possible that it may have stood upon the north side of the nave, if it did not occupy the site of the existing tower. "In the Early English period, Eynsford Church assumed its grandest aspect. Tben, not only were three beautiful lancetwindows inserted in the apse, and an aisle of two bays added to the chancel, but a graceful transept was built on the south side of the nave. During great part of the present century and the last, a partition cut off the so_uth transept from the church, and this beautiful limb of the sacred edifice became a lumber-room, wherein the many memorials of the Bosville family were illegible from dirt when not hidden bv lumber. Now, the whole h'ansept is restored and in use, so that we see with pleasure its eight lancet-windows, three in the south wall, three in the east, and two in the west. A string-course runs beneath them. In the south wall is a piscina with very large basin, carved with deep flutes into the shape of an eight-leaved flower. A slight 1·ecesa near it seems to indicate the site of tbe aedile, or seat for the priest and deacon. Between this transept and the nave is a Pointed arch which springs from engaged piers of square outline, with small round angle-shafts, having poor caps and bases. The transept roof bas moulded ribs and stone corbels. "Whether any northern transept or nave-aisle was erected in the Early English period, we have no remains to prove. It seems probable that the aisle built on the north side of the chancel, would have had a western limb ; yet no visible traces of Early English work can be seen there now. " During the fourteenth century much was done in Eynsford Church. The Norman windows of the chancel on its south side were replaced by larger ones. That nearest to the nave is of two lights, and has a transom, beneath which, probably, was what we call a low-side window, with trefoiled lights, shuttered, not glazed. One of these lower lights still has a casement, which serves (like a low-side window) as a ventilator. The present chancel arch is of the Decorated period, and has a label of the roll moulding, the ends of which curl backward, as a finish, but rest very oddly upon tbe capitals. The arch springs from engaged piers, semi-octagonal, with moulded caps, but with bases so high, and far above the level of the chancel floor, as to suggest that they D1ay have stood on the top of a low stone screen, which perhaps flii,nked the entrance to the chancel. From these engaged piers, at a distance of about twelve or fourteen inches below their caps, we see two stone brackets carved with foliage projecting, one from each pier, north and south. Probably the ends of a rood-beam may have rested upon them. "South of the chancel arch stood an altar, which is indicated by a niche in the wall, and by the squint or hagioscope above. Through this squint the ~rieat officiating here could observe the elevation of the Roat at the high altar in the chancel, .EYNSFORD CHURCH. ·.xlvii "The north :aisle :0£ the nave, or a portion 0£ it, wa-a certainly in existence during part 0£ the fourteenth century, if not before. The present aisle is 0£ two bays. It is much shorter than the nave, not reaching to its west end. The octagonal pier, from which spring the two arches of its arcade, stands on a square base; which gives it an Early character. The central roof-beam of this aisle is . supported by stone corbels, one of them carved with a human face, • £rom the mouth of which springs foliage ; this seems also to be of Early character. W eever records that in this aisle was a monument inscribed-' Ici gist .... la femme de Robert de Eckisford' [query Eynsforrl?]. The inscription reads like one written in the fourteenth century. Weever also states that in this church there was the following inscription: 'Hie jacent J ohes. ·Douet generosus et Alicia u:x:or eius; ille obiit 1455; illa obiit .... S. Donate ora pro nobis.' "From the north aisle a short flight of steps at the east end leads up to a door of exit into the churchyard. The two windows (each of two lights) of tbe aisle are probably of the Tudol' period. Above the central pier of the north arcade there is, near the wallplate, a small window of debased Perpendicular character. There is also .a modern brass plate commemorating Walter, youngest son 0£ John and Mary Wellard. He died at Balla.rat, in 1854, aged 26. The tower arch, and the large western Gallilee, or porch outside the tower, are 0£ Early Perpendicular character. So also is the font; an octagon, with fluted •sides, four of which are ornamented each with a rose (single). On the west side is a cross with crown of thorns ; on the east, an archbishop's pall; and on the south a tan-cross, or letter T. " Until recent times there were two galleries at the west end of the nave across tbe tower arch. Now, the only object in that position is a painting of the royal arms over the arch. Beneath the escutcheon we can trace parts of an inscription which stated that this church was repaired and beautified in A,D. 1'77-, early in the reign of George III. "Within the porch are two stone coffins, so hewn out that the cavity follows the shape of the head and shoulders of the occupant. These formerly stood in the chancel. At the south-east angle of the tower there is a medimval doorway·which now leads to nothing. It should give access to a turret stair. " Upon the square tower there is a small shingled spire. "MONUMENTAL SLAJ3S within the communion rails commemorate :- (i.) [North end) M1's. Mary Selby (widow of JohnSelby,of Ightham Mote) who died 1760, aged 73; it bears the arms of Selby with those of Giffard on an esoutoheon of pretence. She was a daughter of Thomas GiJfard, (ii.) [Adjacent to (i.)] Tlwmas Gijfard, who died 1706, May 16, a,ged 59. His arms are engraved :-a lion statant, and in ohief three stirrups. He was son and heir of George Giffard, of Pennis. (iii,) MM9a,·et, 16th child of 0e<»'ge and Mar9a1·et Gijfa,rd, born ~66.~~2, di.e~ ~~69. . _ xlviii , EYNSFORD CHURCH. (iv.) Mary Felton, senior and junior:-' M : M: sacrum Ma.rim Felton matri filireque. Alteri Mail 23 1667; alteri Maii 80 1668. Morture.' .... Positum per N. F. Anno 1668. (v.) Quis hie sepultus qureris P Nuper fui Georgius Gijfar,J, armiger. Pater virginis proximo subterraneo cnroere habitantis. Nuno filius putredinis et frater vermium .... June 1'703 ret. 85. [This George G-iffa.rd, Esq., was the lessee of Eynsford Parsonage. J (vi.) Mrs. Mary; Selby, daughter of John and Mary Selby, ob: 1'747, ret. 37. " On the south wall of the chancel hangs an escutcheon with the arms 0£ Pitcairn 0£ that ilk (Argent, three lozenges gules) quartered with Ramsay (Argent, a spread eagle sable), impaling Campbell and Lorne quarterly. The crest is the moon in its complement. "In the south transept are monumental slabs in the floor commemorating the Bosvile family 0£ Little Mote, in Eynsford. North-west of the organ is a very singular inscription, placed here by Colonel Richard Crimes, second husband of Sarah, widow of Sir Thomas Bosvile. Sir Thomas himself died young, being a colonel in the army of Charles I., and was buried in 1648 at St. Mary's Church in Oxford: "Memorim Sacrum. Et l ' ... M'" Ma!7. Bosvile daughter of Sir Thomas Bosvile, Filia surculus . . .. who, ltke a jewel taken out of a box, was shewn y• branch totheworldandput up again January 18, 1659,aged17. Et f . . . . her mother . . . . Lady Sarah Bcsvile wife to Mater Radix Colonel Richard Crimes, who put off this her earthly tabernoole, May 11. 1660. "Another slab commemorates Sir Henry Bosvile and Dame Mary (nee Petley) his wife. She died in 1693, mt. 78; he in 1702, mt. 75. "North-east of the organ is a slab commemorating Thomas Bosvile, only son 0£ Sir Thomas Bosvile. He died Nov. 20, 1660, having married Elizabeth, only daughter 0£ Sir Francis Wiat of Boxley Abbey. He left Margaretta his sole daughter and heiress, who married Sir Robert Marsham 0£ Bushey, Herts, grandfather of Lord Romney. " On the west wall 0£ this transept is a tablet to the memory of their only child Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Bosvile. She died in 1682, aged 26. "Litt-le Mote had been the property of the Sibill family, but by the marriage 0£ an heiress, Elizabeth, daughter of John Sibill, with Robert Bosvile, that estate passed into the hands 0£ the Bosvilea, and with the estates this transept went. "In Eynsford churchyard is the following inscription to the gentleman who purchased Little Mote from R. Bosvile in 1756: "' In memory of Ilenjamin Harvey, maltster, and Anne his wife : Unmarked by trophies of the great and vain, Here sleep in silent tombs a gentle twain; No folly wasted their paterna,l store, No guilt, nor sordid avarice made it more. With honest fame, and sober plenty crowned They lived, and spread their cheering gifts around.'" PROCEEDINGS, 1884. xlix Luncheon was served at the Lion Hotel in Farningham. LuLLISGSTONE 0.A.STLE and Caun.cH were next visited. Lady Emily Dyb (in the absence of Sir William, who was detained in London upon a Parliamentary Committee) welcomed the Society and kindly threw open tbe whole • castle to the members. The description of the church read by Ca.non Scott Robe1·tson is printed on pp. 99-113 of this volume. At SHOREHAM CHURCH, in the absence of the Vicar, who is an invalid, the Society was welcomed by his wife, Mrs. Cameron, the mother of Lieutenant Cameron, the African traveller. The church was described by the Secretary aud Archdeacon Harrison. FrLSTON FA.RM was the last place visited. Here the members were received by Mr. Abraham Hale, the tenant, who ahewed them over his interesting old house. On the 5th of September 1884 the Council, by the courteous invitation of the Earl Sydney, their President, lllet at Deal Castle. Eleven members were present. The following Letter from the late President was read by the Secretary: Dear Canon Scott Robertson, Montreal, Aug. 2, 1884. • I have received your letter containing the Resolution passed at the Meeting of the Archreological Society, and I have to thank you and the other members of the Society for sending me so gratifying an assuran<'e of their kindness and good will. I regret very much my being obliged to· sever the connection with the Society, and I hope and trust that whoever ia appointed in my room will carry on the good work. Yours faithfully, AMHERST. The EARL SYDNEY expressed, in kindly terms, his sense of the honour done him by the Society in electing him to be its President. The THA.NKS 0£ the Society were voted to the Earl and Countess Stanhope, and to Colonel Warde and the Hon. Mrs. Warde, for their generous hospitality to the Society 11.t Chevening and Squerryea. Also to Mr. Joseph Moore, junior, for his laborious kindness in issuing the tickets for the meeting and £or much other help. Also to Mr. Granville Leveson Gower, Sir William and Lady Emily Hru.'t Dyke, to the Incumbents 0£ the churches visited by the Society, to Mr. Carnell, Mr. Loftus Brock, Mr. Russell 0£ Otford, and Mr. Hale of Filston for their kindly help. It was resolved that at the next Annual Meeting the Society should visit Sandwich, Rich borough, Deal Castle, aud Walmer Castle. Two new mem bera were elected. vor.,. XVI, 1 MEETING AT SANDWICH, 1885. On February 14th, 1885, the Council met at Maidstone; six members attended, and, as a telegram was received from the Earl Sydney to say that he was unavoidably prevented from coming, Mr. Robert Furley was requested to take the chair. The programme of the next Annual Meeting was discussed. Seventeen new members were elected. On June 26th, 1885, the Council met in London at the house of the Earl Sydney, 3 Cleveland Square, S.W. Thirteen men:bers attended. Mr. James, the Society's Clerk and Curator at Maidstone, having been appointed Sub-Librarian of the Royallnstitution, application has been made to the Council by Mr. Edward Bartlett, that he may be reinstated in those offices, which were resigned by him not long ago. It was unanimously resolved that Mr. Edward Bartlett be again appointed to act as the Society's Clerk and Cura.tor at Maidstone, at a salary of £30 per annum, to be paid quarterly, commencing from March 31st last past; and that i£ Mr. Bartlett or the Council should at any time desire to terminate this engagement, tbree months' notice of such desire must be given by the one to the other. The Secretary having reported the deaths of Mr. Charles Powell and Mr. William Walter, members of the Council, a resolution was passed expressing the Council's regret at the loss of these colleagues of long standing, who joined the Society when it was first founded. To the widow of Mr. Powell, the Secretary was desired to convey the Society's thanks for that gentleman's valued services as Honorary Local Secretary for the 'l'unbridge Well a district during many years. It was resolved that Mr. Charles Watson Powell should be elected to fill the post of Local Secretary vacated by his father's death. The programme of the .Annual Meeting was settled. Ten new members were elected. SANDWICH MEETING, 1885. The Annual Meeting commenced at Sandwich on the 29th of • July 1885. The Lord North bourne presided at the Preliminary Meeting for despatch of business, held in the Court Hall. ·The Mayor of Sandwich (Mr. Watts) kindly spoke a few words of hearty welcome to the Society, and announced that the Corporation had permitted Mr. Thomas Dorman (a member 0£ the municipal body) to arrange in the upper rooms, £or the Society's inspection, the municieal records, maces, seals, and other objects of interest, and that the curious silver plate of the pM"ish churches was likewise displayed with them. RE:PORT, 1885. li Lord Nortbbourne then called upon the Secreta.ry (Canon Scott Robertson) to read the Annual Report. REPORT. The Twenty-eighth Annual Report of the Kent Archroological Society is being presented in a town wherein its Seventh Annual Meeting was held twentyone years ago, in 1864. The Society has already revisited Canterbury, Dover, Maidstone, .Ashford, and Sevenoaks. It now pays its second visit to Sandwich. In so doing it follows the example of our medireval kings, all of whom ea.me to this ancient port again a.nd again. Edward III. especially was frequently here embarking or disembarking; but when detained by contrary winds for days or weeks he dwelt elsewhere than in the town. In 1342 for more than three weeks he took up his abode at Eastry until he could embark here; in another year (1859) he waited at Stonar a simila.r length of time for a favourable wind; :mother time he passed at Preston his days of waiting. Good Queen Philippa, the gallant Black Prince, the captive King John of France, all were at Sandwich once and again. Here Henry V. embarked for his victories in l!'rance. Edward IV. sailed hence with a noble army in H-75. Henry VII. and VIII., Elizabeth (1578), Charles II., and Queen Katherine of Eraganza in 16'72, all came here. Sandwich was the place named in the formal treaty drMm up for the meeting of Henry VIII. with the Emperor Chades V. Here landed Archbishop Becket, Cardinal Wolsey, Cardinal Campeggio, and countless others of world-wide fame. If such an ancient port may well attract assemblies of those who study archreology, much more attractive to them is it made by the proximity of that ancient Roman port and castrum, upon the decay of which Sandwich grew and flourished. Happy are we to-day in having among us some of those distinguished men who ably assisted at our Society's former visit to Sandwich. Our members will hail with glad congratulations the presence of Lord Northbourne, Mr. Roaoh Smith, and Canon Jenkins. Mr. George Dowker, who has since made his name well known by excavations of Roman remains, was also helpful on that occasion. The Society hns to lament the death of many members during the past year, especially that of Mr. Charles Powell, one of H.M. Justices of the Peace, who f~r ~any years kindly and ably served as Secretary for the Tunbridge Wells district. Thirty-seven new members have joined the Society during the past twelve months, and several gentlemen seek election at your hands to-day. The Sixteenth Volume of our .Ll..rcli<1Jologia Oantiana is in the press. Eight sheets (or 128 pages) are already worked off, and about thirty or forty pages more are also in type. Twenty Illustrations for the volume are finished and paid for. It is confidently expected that the volume will be in the hands of members before the end of this year. The funds necessary for its production have been already provided by the activity of our worthy Local Secretaries in gathering the Annual Subscriptions. To those gentlemen the Society is muoh indebted for their kindly labour. As a consequence of it the Council is glad to report that the balances standing to the Society's oredit at the bankers this day amount to £608 4-ll. Id., a sum more than sufifoient to defray the remaining cost of the volume. Engravings of several remarkable specimens of communion oups, and flagons, and patens have already been ma.de and paid for ; some of them it is hoped may be seen in the forthcoming volume. It may be gratifying to the members to hea1· that the appearance of their Society's volume is awaited with impatiencG by men of letters, far outside our county and our Society. One learned Professor of Oxford U nive1·sity has already written to express his desire to see the forthcoming portion of the Expense Book of James Master, Esq., which he pronounces to be almost an unique record of expenditure from day to day during the Commonwealth. e2 MEETING .A.T SANDWICH, 1885. The Society has no remarkable discoveries of its own to chronicle; but it must hear with interest tha,t the leaden casket recently found in the north wall of the high cha.nee! of Folkestone Parish Church bears evidence of great antiquity. Your Secretary and other members of the Society consider that the bones within it may very probably be those of the Kentish Abbess and Princess known as St. Eanswith-to whom that church is dedicated. This Report having been adopted by the Meeting, GEORGE Dow:«:ER, Esq., F.G.S., and S.A.:MUEL MERCER, Esq., were elected members of the Council, and the retiring members were re-elected. Canon EDWARD Moon'E and HERDER'l' HoDERN, Esq., were re-elected as .Auditors for the year. Eight gentlemen were elected members of the Society. W1LFRJm Cmns, Esq., then described the ancient plate collected upon the tables in the Court Hall. Among it was a silver bowl with the inscription, "Deborah Bean, widow, many years midwife of this Corporation, which office she executed by the Divine assistance with general approbation and success, out o-f a tender regard for our Holy Religion, left this bason, £or the pious use of Christian baptism, to the parish church of St. Clement in Sandwich, in the year of our Lord 1144." There were three Corporation maces of silver gilt. Mr. Dorman pointed out what is called "the hog mi\.Ce." I t was used for driving stray bogs out of the streets by an officer appointed £or the purpose; aud the hogs were sold by him £or the benefit of a local charity. Mr. Dorman also shewed the 'l'own Crier's mace, and the ancient Corporation horu, with which the good burgesses were summoned to assemble for the same Corporation's business. THOMAS DomfAN', Esq., gave an interesting account of the municipal records, and caJJed attention to the carved woodwork in the Court Hall, which is of the time of Queen Elizabeth, and bears her royal arms, as well as the initials of two Mayors, Simon Lynch, 1561 (on the Mayor's chair in upper room), and Arthur lfocke, 1607 (under desk in lower room), under whose auspices the fittings were carved. Mr. Dorman's description of the painted panels'il' bas been printed in A.rclu:eologia Oantiana, Vol. XV., p. 142. His paper respecting tbe visits of Queen Elizabeth and Queen Katherine of Braganza is printed in this volume on ;Pp. 58-63. Beside the 10unicipal plate were displayed, by request of members of the Council, two silver candelabra (each of 4 lights), and the silver tray with tea pot, sugar basin, aud cream ewer, which were presented as a wedding gift to the Rev. Canon Scott Robertson in November 1884, as some recognition of his services to the Society as Honorary Secretary since 1870, and as Honorary Editor of Arclu.eologia Oantiana, Vols. IX,-XVI., both inclusive. * The Rev. Dr. Ha.~l.ewood, Vicar of Ch_islet, inforlllS me thu.t the gentleman who purchased these pictures, together with Southwood House, Ro,msga.te in 1865, was nQt Admiral Jolliffe, but Mr. Charles Jolliffe, who died in 1869. His widow (sister of Dr. Hnslewood's wife) present.ad them to the Corpora.tion of Sandwich in December 1882, Mrs. J o!liffe hersolf died recently in 1885, PlDRAMBULATION OF SA.NDWICH. liii • Upon leaving the Court Hall, the members adjourned to a schoolroom close at hand, in which they partook of light refreshments provided by Canon Scott Robertson. The following syllabus of a PERA.MDULATION of the town of Sandwich was placed in the hands of every member present, and was used by many before the Meeting and during the day as they found time and opportunity : PERAMBULATION OF SANDWICH, JULY 29TH, On leaving the railway station yard and road, we turn to the right, and soon the earthen walls of Sandwich are seen, extending at right angles to the road, on both sides. We pass between the two ends of the wall, at the spot where the New Gate of the town formerly stood ( the Sandwich Arms Inn now stands beside the site). Upon our right runs a stream, from Northbourne, called The Del£, which supplies the town with fresh water. A church tower, seen but for a moment looming in the distance on our right, is St. Clement's. The street we walk along is New Street, and has no very ancient houses. A second church tower, of poor character, visible for a moment on our right, is that of St. Peter. New Street emerges into the Cattle Market Square, in whi.ch stands the Court Hall, facing us, slightly on our left. In the farthest corne1• on our left are three Caroline gables of red brick. Behind the Court Hall, and behind a chapel dated 1706, some new cottage-dwellings represent the old Hospital of St. John. From a corner of the square, transversely opposite to that by which we enter the market from New Street, runs a street called Mote Sole. In it on the right hand we come at once to the Old Workhouse of St. Mary's parish, bearing the date 1582 on the right of the doorway ; the Red Cow Inn and a chimney-sweep's nameboard mark the site. At the farther end of Mote Sole we find a new building called Ellis's Hospital of St. Thomas, with an arched gateway of the ancient Hospital standing in front. At the end of Mote Sole, near the house of G. Hooper, corn merchant, formerly stood the W odensboro gate of the town. Any who here turn to the right and walk tl1ence along the earthen wall of the town will traverse the ancient Butts, and cross the site of the Canterbury Gate. Near it is an old building founded by Sir Roger Manwood in the reign of Elizabeth as a Grammar School ; it has stepped gables of brick, coloured drab. On leaving the Coul't Hall, to proceed to St. Mary's Church, we see at the c9rner of Market Square and Delf Street a saddler's shop, with good carving over the door and window, bearing the date 1601 with initials and the arms of Sandwich. We proceed along Del£ Street and notice the old house fronts ; one on the right bears in il'on the date 1616 and initials W.O. Church Street (second turning to the right) brings us to the S.W. corner of St. Mary's Church. Its Norman arcades wel'e destroyed by the fall of its central tower in .A..D. 1667. • liv PERAMBULATION OF SA.NDWIOII. Leaving St. Mary's Church by its north door, we see on our left the King's Arms Inn, with its well-emblazoned coat of tbe royal a-rms of Elizabeth, and with a good angle b-racket dated 1592. Turning back and passing along the north wall of St . . Mary's Church, we go down Strand Street until we enter a street on our right called The Butchery, and pass down Market Street to St. Peter's 0hUl'ch (the south aisle of which was destroyed by the fall of its central tower in 1661). .A.t the S.E. angle of St. Peter's Church there is a crypt of some size, beneath the rooms formerly occupied by the three priests of Ellis's Chantry. Those who have leisure, by taking their way through a narrow passage beside the north wall of St. Peter's Churchyard, called Church Gap, and through Seven-post Alley, will on turning to the left pass under a modern gateway called The Barbican, and see the bridge over the river Stour. Far away to the left is Richborough Castle. Turning to the right along the quay, we come to the only ancient town gate now in existence. It is called Fisher's Gate, and is said to bear the date 1581. Passing under it, we proceed up Quay Lane. A.t tbe left-hand corner of this lane, with its front door in Strand Street, is a Jacobean cottage with handsome ceilings of plaster, and a good mantelpiece bearin~ the royal arms of James I. (Mrs. Wanstall occupies this cottage). Hence passing up Fisher's Street and turning into Church Street we reach the N.W. corner of St. Clement's Churchyard. From St. Peter's Church, we pass through St. Peter's Street, Short Street, and Church Street into St. Clement's Churchyard. This handsome building, with its fine Norman central tower, is the only church in Sandwich tbat has not been ruined by the fall of a tower. Paternoster Row ran outside the churchyard, S.E. Emerging from tbe south door of St. Clement's Church we make our way towards the earthen wall of the town (here called Mill Wall from the mill near it). It lies straight before us, and we pass to it between the back garden_s of some newly built houses. A.s we mount thence to the wall we look upon the site of Sandwich Castle, which stood outside the earthen wall, S.E. of St. Clement's Church. The remains of its foundations still cause yellow lines in the corn, although they have mainly been grubbed up. Ou the wall, turning to the right, past the mill, we walk to the site of New Gate (Sandwich Arms Inn), and, passing over the railway, by the level crossing, we reach the Early English Chapel and the dwellings of St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Mr. Dorman's researches shew that the actual house occupied by Henry VIII. and by Queen Elizabeth, called the "King's Lodging," was destroyed long ago. It stood opposite the King's Arms Inn. w . .A.. SOOTT IlODERTSON. At Srr. MARY'S CHURCH the Society was welcomed by the Vicar, Rev. A. M. Chichester, and the following paper was read by the Secretary, when he had assembled the members within the west end of the church, so as to face the west wall : ST. MARY'S CHURCH, SA.NDWIOH. Iv ST. MA.RY'S CHURCH, SANDWICH. BY CANON SCOTT ROBERTSON. This ancient church was ruined by the fall of its central tower in 1667, and those who see it £or the :first time to-day cannot conceive what it looked like twenty years ago. The greatest praise is due to the Vicar (Mr. Chichester) and to his parishioners and other helpers for the change they have wrought in its interior. In the vestry you may see photographs of the church as they found it. The area covered by it is said to pe 5716 square feet (1100 more than St. Peter's and 900 less than St. Clement's occupies). What the interior was, before 1667, one witness, close beside us, could tell i£ it might speak. Unhappily, however, this picture of the royal arms of Charles II., which came into the church spick and span new it1. 1660, cannot speak. More eloquent far are the stone piers and fragments 0£ Norman arches, that stand near the royal a1•ms in the west wa.Jl of the church. They tell us very plainly that an arcade of grand Norman arches separated the nave from its two aisles. One fragment on the north side also suggests that the aisles may have been vaulted. A Norman stringcourse, springing from the northern fragment, suggests the line of the base of the Norman west windows. Some a m·oaliet work high up, on the south side of the southern fragment, seems to shew that the roofs of the nave and aisles may have been lofty-so lofty that even a clerestory may have existed in the Norman church . . The careful investigation 0£ the site which was made by Mr. Chichester and Mr. Clarke, when the church was restored, brought to light the bases of the Norman piers, not only of the nave arcades, but 0£ the central tower. It also revealed ti·aces of walls, north and south, which suggest that the aisles of the Norman church were narrow, far narrower than the present aisles. Bases of piers found in these ancient north and south walls encourage the idea already suggested that there was a vaulted roof over the narrow north aisle, if not over the southern one also. The Norman nave was short. .A.bout 30 feet intervened between its west wall and the tower's western piers. Whether the north and south arcades of the nave had three arches within this length, or whether they had only two arches each, still remains a doubtful question. The width of the nave's northern arch, west of the tower, was slightly more than 8 feet in the clear. The pier west of it had a foundation 4 feet wide. In the Norman central tower, each of its four round-headed arches had about 12 feet span. The open area beneath the tower was about 18 feet by 16 on the floor. The tower itself occupied a large area; something like 27 feet from east to west, by 24 from north to south. The choir, if it commenced beneath the tower's eastern arch, extended about 40 feet eastward from it. lvi MEETING AT SANDWICH, 1885. The total length is, roughly speaking, about 97 feet. .A.11 these dimensions are derived roughly£rom Mr. Clarke's plan of the church. Much of the Norman squared stone remains in the fabric, as it was used again, in the time of Charles II., when the church was set in order after the fall of its tower. Some small arches were built entire into the west wall, on its exterior. Following analogy we should suppose that some enlargement of the Norman church was made in the thirteenth century; but subsequent changes have obliterated all traces of it. In the fourteenth century, probably in the reign of Edward III., the westeru window of the north aisle, and two windows in the north wall (one on each side of the north porch), were inserted. These may be ascribed to the liberality of 'fhomas Loverick, who is said to have been buried under the canopied tomb beneath the ea~ternmost of these windows. The same benefactor founded here a chapel dedicated to our Lady, at the east head of this church. A.a the church itself was dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, the foundation within it of a chapel to Saint Mary is remarkable. The description of this chapel, however, shews that it was not fully and properly within the church. It is always called the chapel of our Lady at the East Head of this church ; and it was dedicated in honour of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin. We can understand therefore that it stood outside, but close beside the east wall of this church. This singular situation of the chapel explains some curious entries of the churchwardens in their accounts. They mention an annual settlement with the vicar, called "sclll!Jftyn of silver with the vicar," and they classify the money received uo.der three heads: 1st, "yn the body of chirche;" 2ndly, "at the est hede;" 3rdly, "at the chapel of St. James or St. Jacob.'' We ko.ow that the chapel of St. James was a seJJarate building in ao.other part of the parish ; and we see the fitness of this classification, when we know that the chapel at the east head was also a separate building, although close to the east end of the church. These entries in the churchwardens' accounts occur in 1444 and subsequent years. Forty years later a chaplain here, named Thomas Norman, a native of Sandwich, by his will bequeathed a missal and a silver cup to this chapel of St. Mary at the Esthede, which he described as being next to or beside this church (juxta dictam ecclesiam). Thus the position of the chapel is clearly stated to be not exactly within, but close to, the east end of this .church. Later on, from 1511 to 1526, we find in the Archbishop's Registers records of the institution of chaplains to an endowed chantry here, called Cundy's chantry. Their benefice is desc1·ibed as the chantry of John Cundy, founded in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and as being situated in the chapel of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in St. Mary's Church. About 1444 the churchwardens paid "for a kay to y0 chauntry chapell dore iij d.'' Whether Cundy's chantry was always served in the external yet $T. MA.RY~S CHtlRCii, SA.NDWIC:Et. lvii adjacent chapel at the .Easthead does not appear, but its chaplain served there from 1511 to 1526. '!1he foundations of that chantry and of the chapel at East H"lad are also recorded in closest connection in the ancient Bede Roll preserved here.* For the image of St. Mary in this chapel of the Annunciation at the East Head, the church possessed a crown of silver gilt, weighing four ounces. 'l'he Decorated windows in the north -wall have flint masonry around them, which is worth looking at, outside. It is unlike anything else in this fabric ; and it has no external stringcourse, although all the rest of the building is encircled by a string. Perhaps this part of the church was less injured by the £a11 of the tower than other portions were. At the north-west angle of the chaucel we see an engaged round shaft of the Perpendicular sty le. Possibly this was part of the work inserted after the French had destroyed some of the building in the time of Richard II., when another member of the Loverick family is said to have rebuilt what was destroyed. Much was done here in the fifteenth century. A rood screen stood beneath the central tower; and a new rood loft was made in or about the year 1444. In the rood lo~ here we know that organs were placed, and the parish paid various sums to musical priests for playing these organs. ln the year, circa 1444, during which the new rood loft was constructed, we find that a certain anomalous window, called the procession window, was taken down and newly set up. There is also mention of a procession porch. These most unusual terms (possibly unique) are very puzzling. The coincidence of date suggests some connection between the new rood loft and these processional adjuncts. All proces_sions issued from the choir, through the central door of the rood screen, which was surmounted by the rood loft. Possibly the organ loft, or projecting canopy over the central door of the rood screen, may have been porch-like, and have been called the Procession Porch; a window in it may have given additional light at this spot, which, being beneath the Norman central tower, must from its position have been dark and obscure. The vicissitudes of the church were great and numerous. In 1448 the tower partly fell down. In 1456 the French robbed the town and carried off the account-books of St. Mary's Chu1·ch. • After them all, however, we find that in the last quarter of the fifteenth century its southern chancel, dedicated to St. Laurence and St. Stephen (two martyi•s), was richly adorned and well cared * 'rhe first ent,ries in the Bede Roll are these :-For the sawlys of John Condy and Wyllyem Condy, the whyche weryn the fyrst begymwris of the fundacion of this ohauntery, and for all othyr that havyn gevyn thereto more of ther goodys where thorough that hyt may be the better mayntenyd. Also for the sawlys of Thomas Loueryk and of bys wyff, the whyche foundid the ohapell of oure lady at the est hede of this ohyrche, and of iij wyndowys of the north syde of this chyrohe. (Boys, Flist. of Sandwich, p. 8'12.) lvili MEETING A.T SANDWICH, 1885. for. Thomas Norman, the native chaplain, bequeathed his Portifory to be chained to the upper desk in the south part of the church, for the use of chaplains saying masses, and the canonical hours in the chapel of Saints Laurence and Stephen. He directed that he should be buried beneath the women's seats opposite the south window of the church, and opposite his parents' burial-place. The Jesus altar and Jesus mass are often mentioned in wills of parishioners. In 1476 William Brewester, mariner, bequeathed to the altar of Jesu one towell of diaper. For this altar there were in 1473 three special chasubles, one being of red and green baudekyng. I believe it was also called the morn mass altar, for which a priest (Sir John Stephen) gave a chalice weighing 15¼ ounces. This altar seems to have stood at the east end of the south aisle. Sir Edward Ringley, in his will, dated 24 July 1543, desired to be buried in the Jesus Chapel, and he ordered that 40 yards of black cotton stuff should be purchased to hang from the church door round about the chapel at his funeral. In 1551 his widow, Dame Jane Ringley, desired also to be buried on the north si.de o:f Jesus Chapel. She bequeathed 10s. and a dinner to a clergyman that '' a godly sarmon" should be preached " for the edyfieng of the congregation that shalbe gathered together at my funerall daye; " "the preacher shall have in remembrance to require. the congregation ..... to praye for my soule, my father's and my mother's soules, and for the soule of my husband John Langlye and my husband Sil- Edward Ringlye, Knt., my brother Sir Robert Payton, Knt, and my sister Dame Elyzabeth Payton his wy:ff, my brother Edward Payton, Esquere, and all Ohristien soules." 'l'he chancel of St. J obn (probably the north chancel) was also popular, and over it were organs.* Jn it were aumbries that were much used, and for service at its altar there were special altar cloths and vestments, one being a white chasuble powdered with flowers and daisies. 'fhe remarkable £act that not a single piscina remains in the church is easily accounted £or, when we know that the destruction of the arcades, by the £all of the tower, must have caused much of the walls to be rebuilt in the time of Charles II. Mr. Chichester, however, differs :from me about the rebuilding; he thinks the walls were ouly refaced. The remarkable niche in the north wall of the chancel seems to have been a receptacle for the "best cross of silver gilt, with a staff of latten," which cost £25, when money was worth much more than it is now. There are many relics of brasses in the church, but not one of them remains entire. In the middle aisle a stone, 6' 9 11 by 8', has bad upon it brass effigies of a man and his two wives, surrounded by what heralds would call an orle of children, twelve in number, each placed separately. I have never seen anything like it elsewhere. There was in the church an altar dedicated to St. Christopher, * About 1449 the ohurohwardens received '' for the old organs over seynt John's chaunsell vj s. viij d." (Boys, Hist. of San&wicl,,, p. 860.} • ST. MA.RY1S CHURCH, SANDWICH. lix £or which a new frontal and also a new altal' cloth were made in .A..D. 1444.* At this altar mass was celebrated for the Brotherhood of St. Christopher, which in 1478 possessed a little cha1ice, weighing 6 ounces, £or use in such celebrations. An altar here, dedicated to St. Ursula, was also furnished with a new cloth in 1444. * Among the more valuable possessions of this church was a relic, called St. Bride's heart; it was enclosed in a silver shrine, having £our pinnacles, and weighing 18 ounces. Another relic was enclosed in a silver reliquary, weighing 8½ ounces. A relic of St. Katherine, in a silver case, weighing 5½ ounces, was kept at St. James's Chapel. 11he beryll hafte of St. Edmond's knife was another relic here. The tower, or steeple, was much repaired in or about the year 1448, when part of the tower fell. Upon this reparation were used more than 6 tons of Folkestone ragstone, costing vij s.; 4 tons of Bere stone, costing xx s.; and 5 tons of Oaen stone, costing xxv s. The masons were paid £1 6s. 8d. for rough-casting the outside, or "ye castyng of ye stepill without with morter, fro y• iiij square of y0 olde work unto y• uppyr ende of ye viij square of v• olde worke."t Ori top of the steeple a spire of wood was made b·y the carpenters (at a cost of £16 13s. 4d.) from 459 feet of oaken board, costing 2s. 4d. the hundred feet. The steeple had four pinnacles, each surmounted by a cross. Upon these crosses " the ravouns did stonde theron to soy le y0 stepyll goteris, with bonys and other thyngs; " consequently tw:enty-three iron pikes ( or sharp points) were made to be fixed upon the points of the crosses, to prevent the birds from standing on them. Probably two sharp iron points inclined at acute angles were placed on each of the three upper limbs of each cl'oss. On dedication day a banner was hoisted upon the steeple; and during the fifteenth century the bells were rung, not only on such festival days, but whenever there was "a gret thundering," or thunder-storm. On the floor of the central aisle there is the matrix of a brass which bore one effigy; it lies to the west of the stone which bad an orle of children on it. Eastward of the latter is a stone, 8' 911 long by 31 611 wide, with inscription iu Lombardic characters, around the matrix of an elaborate cross formerly filled with brass, The remaining letters seem to be " [ d]ie N ovembris. mens .. M.c.c.o.:x:x.xr. cujus .... .'' In tbe north-west corner of· the nave there are three slabs, dated 1712 and 1750, to the memory of members of tbe family of Hayward. On a loose fragment of a cross is an inscription iu English, but in small black-letter writing: .... o' of lo' do' : g_ros: ge'tylma: vslier. In the chancel there lie in the floor memorial slabs for (i) Ed ward Kelk, gentleman, with coat of arms; (ii) a man and his wives and two sets of children, formerly represented in brass (query, Roger Manwood, 1534); (iii) a man, formerly represented in brass, and around him £our ejaculatory prayers and four shields of arms (query, T. N_orman, 1484); (iv) Elizabeth Emmerson, died 1781; (v) man and • Boye, Hist. of $andwicn,, p. 868. t Ibid., pp. 868, 864. lx MEnTtNG· AT SANDWICH, 1885·. his wife, once represented at half length in brass; (vi) another person, formerly shewn in effigy in brass, long since gone. On the north wall of the chancel is a fine mural tablet, in memory of Joseph Stewart, who died in 1828; and on the south wall another £or Mary Stewart, his v,i£e. At ST. PETER's CHURCH the Rev. H. Gilder described the traces of Norman work, the crypt at the east end of the south chancel, the beautiful Decorated window bricked up on the north of the chancel, the lost south aisle which has never been rebuilt since the fall of the tower ruined it, and the remarkable tombs in the north aisle. ST. CLEMENT'S C:auucR, large, and in admirable order, with its Norman central tower, and its portions illustrating almost every style of architecture, its ancient miserere stalls, and easily dated font of 11...1>. 1402-8 were sucrinctly and clearly described by the Rev. A. M. Chichester, the Vicar. ST. B.i1..:rtTROLOMEw's HosPlTAL Cu.a..PEL having been visited, the company entered a special train and were conveyed to Richborough, where Mr. C. Roach Smith, F.S.A., described the Roman Oast'l'um. RICHBOROUGH. It will be my endeavour during our brief visit to say, if possible, wbat bas not been said before, and to make my remarks worthy your attention and consideration. Most 0£ you must know that much has been written on the great castrum, or walled fortification in which we are assembled. Archdeacon Battley published an elaborate essay on it in choice Latin, which has been well circulated in translation. Long since I endeavoured to record discoveries made, and also the architectural details ; and la.tterly, in your .A.rch(lJolo,qia Oantiana, you possess records of subsequent researches ; so that my labours to-day will necessarily be light, and they will have one merit at least, that 0£ not exhausting your patience. But, although from the ravages 0£ time and man enough has been saved to shew the vast importance 0£ the place to Roman Britain, from the earliest to the latest days of the province, yet the history of the construction and management of the great civil establishment, which must necessarily have existed and flourished, has yet to be learued. As tbe chief of the three great ports of the south-east of Britain, Rutupim must have been the focus 0£ traffic from and to the Continent; and in what that traffic mainly consisted must be shewn by the motives which induced the Romans, at the continual sacrifice ot men, money, and labour, to retain in subjugation a province so remote from the imperial headquarters. The mineral -productions of Britain were chief among the incentives; and then the agricultural riches of various kinds. When the Emperor Julian was straitened £or corn to supply bis army in RICHBOROUGH. lxi Germany, he had but to send ships to Britain to be promptly supplied. This naturally indicates stores ready at hand, granaries at various ports, such as we may recognise in ruins at Hartlip and other parts of Kent. Rich borough must also have been a focus for such exports, and still more so £or the metals; of the oyster fisheries and their exports to Italy we have abundant historical evidence. Into the admirable system of provincial civil administration we have a good insight in that invaluable work the Notitia Dignitatum of the Roman Empire, in which is evidence, nowhere ele.e afforded, of the transfer of the Second Legion from Isca Silurum, Caerleon, to Rutupire, when the great fortress became a main bulwark on the Saxon shore, at a late period of the Roman domination. From the abundance of coins of Carausius and Allectus found in and about the ea.strum, the port must have been well garrisoned during the long interregnum, while the fleets of the British emperors entirely controlled access in everyway from the Continent. The architectural features of the castrum denote an early origin. They may be compared with those at Verulam and Colchester, both early, for a great similarity of construction, while the other castra on the Saxon shore, such as Reculver and Lymme, as clearly by comparison denote a much later date. They have been so minutely described in print that I need only remark to-day that I shall be ready when we walk round the walls to answer to the best of my power any questions on the subject. But I must here anticipate, what will doubtless arise, some inquiry on the subterranean masonry which has so long 1·esisted every attempt at explanation. That an extent of masonry of 144 feet by 104 could have been a mere foundation fo1· any structure I think is an untenable supposition. The great solidity and strength of Roman architecture did not demand foundations. '11he Pharos at Dover has no deep foundations; and we see how the walls around us staud upon a very superficial foundation, if it can be called a foundation at all. I still adhere to my old notion that the interior is hollow, and that there is au opening to it, as yet undiscovered; an opening, probably at the top, now closed up. That the castrum and its surroundings were tenanted by a dense population may also be decided by the numerous discoveries of works of art of various kinds, and of coins of great number from Augustus to the third Constantine, gathered together in a short space of time, and exceeding numericallJ: those recorded as found on the sites of other Roman lai·ge eRtablishmen.ts. Marble was also used, in one building at least, and the walls were tastefully painted. Of the later discoveries the most interesting are the leaden seals of Constantine, with the imperial effigies and titles, as on the coins, well engraved.* Tliey must have been attached to letters or edicts, or to merchandise ; more probably to the latter, as many have been found in military stations in the no1·th of England bearing the names 0£ legions and cohorts. t *. Oolleota11ea ..dntiq11a, vol. vi., p. 120. t Idem, plates xvi a~d :x:vii, lx ii MEETING AT SANDWICH, 1885. I come now to speak of what is not. Richborough has not supplied us with a single lapidary inscription. 0£ the many t housands who, from three to four centuries, lived and died here, not a record has been revealed to us ; not even the barren information of a name! From analogy, from logical inference, we may be assured that stone memorials were erected ; and we may sa-fely assume that they have not all perished. Many, I'believe, lie buried beyond the walls too deep to be disturbed by the plough, but not deep enough to evade the friendly spade and pickaxe of the adventurous antiquary; and I suggest that the Kent Archreological Society, so well represented to-day, should undertake, with the consent of Mr. Solly, to whom we are already so much indebted, to trench the adjacent fields. Mr. Roach Smith concluded bis lecture by stating that a -few years since be, Mr. John HaITis, and Mr. George Payne had satisfactorily traced the Roman road from Dover to Richborough, so far as opposite Sandwich. At Betsbanger, whe1·e it is absorbed in the park, they were assisted by Mr. Godley, and recruited by the hospitality of Lord and Lady N orthbourne. Here the noble President, the Earl Sydney, joined the company, with the Hon. Robert Marsham, bis Lordship's place having hitherto been kindly supplied by Lord N orthbourne. The special train conveyed the members back, through Sandwich, to DEAL, where dinner was served in St. George's Hall, the Earl Sydney in the chair; about 150 sat down. After dinner. members were admitted to inspect Deal Castle, and mount to the tops of the bastions and central tower, for which privilege they were much indebted to the Earl Sydney. THURSDAY, J ULY 30TH, Carriages drawn up outside the entrance to DEAL CASTLE received the members and conveyed them to Walmer Castle, kindly opened to them by the Earl G~auville. Others who came by rail were brought from Walmer station. For the sight of this historic castle and its beautiful grounds, rich with memories of Pitt and Wellington, the Society was grateful to the Earl Granville. At GnEAT MoNGEUAM CnuRcn the Rev. J. Branfill Harrison welcomed the Society, and read the following paper:- G REAT MONGEHAM CHURCH. BY 'l'HE R:rnv. J. BRANFILL HARRISON. Before attempting to tell you anything about this chul'ch in its present state, it may be well perhaps if we endeavour to discover from the evidences that we still have something 0£ its early origin. .GREAT MONGERAM CHURCH. Ix.iii The church is dedicated to St. Martin, and it would appear from wills still extant that there were lights and images in it in honour of St. Anthony and St. Osyth. It would seem to have been originally a Norman church, evidence of which remains in one Norman window in the north chancel; and it was probably about the year 1200, or a little later, that it was considerably enlarged; the south arcade being of about that date, and the small window, now unglazed, between the north and high chancel being likewise of that period. In the fourteenth century, the clerestory windows would appear to have been added and the north chancel prolonged eastwards. The tower seems to have been of a somewhat later date, and was probably built about the time of Richard II. or Henry V. In the course of years this venerable structure, upon which large sums must have been expended in its early years, was nllowed to fall into a most dilapidated condition, and it was not till my immediate predecessor, Mr. Penny, was appointed to the living, about thirty-five years ago, that any active steps were taken to effect a restoration. He very soon turned bis attention to this most important object, and having engaged the services of that eminent architect Mr. Butterfield, he by degrees brought the church into the beautiful condition in which you now see it. I bad hope to read to you an interesting paper by Mr. Butterfield, with regard to his recollections of the church when he first saw it, and the steps he took to 1·estore it. I am sorry, however, to say that, having been uuusally overworked, and being on the point of starting for his holiday, he could therefore send me only a very few remarks.* I must therefore, though much disappointed, endeavour to make what use I can of the little he ha~ sent. * "My dear Sir,-! had hoped and fully intended to write you a short account of my recollections of Great Mongeham Chui·ch. I had thought I might do it in time for the Meeting of the Kent Archreological Society on the 30th, but I have been unusually overworked oflate, and am now just starting for a holiday for a little more than three weeks in Scotland, leaving all lettors and work behind me. For I absolutely need some change and rest. I will, if you wish it, see what I can do on my return, but that is not I fear exactly what you are W;J,nting. Mr. Penny undertook the work in pieces, the north chancel being the last work of the series. He began with the nave. There was no south D.isle. It had been removed altogether, and the south side nave arohes were entirely built up. He built the south aisle and poroh and unstopped the arches. These arches are peculiar, as they are rather openings at interva.ls in a wall than the ordinary arcade. The tower was shut off. The west doorway and window were ruinous, but the present ones are a very accurate copy of them, with some of the old work put in. The lnst window of the chancel was absolutely modern, and is a new one. The arches into the north and south chapels of the chancel were entirely filled in with modern work. Mr. Penny opened them as these chapels were taken in hand, and I built the prt>sent stone screens. I tMnk there is a Norman window in the western part of the north chancel, and a breuk in the wall, which seems to imply that that chancel was at first muoh shorter. This is further shewn by an Early .English window which looks into it from the chancel, eastwards of this break. This window was evidently once an external window in the chancel, nnd must have been open to the churchyard. The windows in the prolonged part of the north lxiv ,GREA.T MONGEHA.M CHURCH. It was early in 1849 that Mr. Penny was appointed rector 0£ this parish, and at that time Mr. Butterfield remarks that it is almost impossible to conceive a church in a more deplorable condition. The work to be done was very great, and little or no help could be expected from the parishioners; indeed, I believe Mr. Penny received no help from any one, except that the pulpit and font were given by members of the Noakes family, and the north chapel (which is private property) was restored at the expense 0£ the owner. Under these circumstances Mr. Penny determined to carry out the work in portions, and beginning with the chancel, which was essentially the rector's business, he in 1851-52 re-roofed it and entirely restored it. In the following year he undertook the re-roofing of the church, and the re-building of the south aisle and the porch, but it was not till the year 1860 that the north chapel was restored by its then owner, the Comte'dsa di Morella (nee Richards), and the work was completed in the following year, when the east and west windows, together with the north and south windows of the chancel, were filled with stained glass. Mr. Butterfield 1·emarks that there is a break in the masonry in this north chancel, which seems to imply that it was at one time much shorter, and this is further shewn by an Early English window which looks into it from the chancel eastwards of this break ; this window (which is now unglazed) was evidently once an external one in the chancel open to the churchya-rd. The windows in the prolonged part of the north chancel, he says, were of wood ouly and very bad ; there were no details of any old windows to be found in the eastern half. The chancel arch had been largely destroyed; but enough was remaining to guide to a restoration of it. When Mr. Penny first began the work of restoration the south chancel was covered with ivy and almost in ruins; there was no communication with it from the church; the only entrance being from the churchyard by a little door in the western arch, which was otherwise stopped up. No signs of a south aisle were visible, but the foundations were discovered by digging, and on them the present aisle was built. The arches on the south side 0£ the nave were entirely filled up, having common sash windows in them, and heavy outside buttresses. These arches, you may notice, are rather openings at intervals in a chancel were of wood only, and very bad. There were no details of any old windowR to be found in the eastern half. The chancel arch had been largely destroyed, but enough was remaining to guide to a restoration of it. The roofs are all new. 'l'hey were bad and beyond mending. I am writing very hurriedly and I daresay that I have told you nothing but what you already know. I oan only add that you can harclly imagine a church in a more deplorable condition than this church was in when Mr. Penny became rector of Mongeham.-I am, my dear Sir, yours very truly, W. BUTTERFIELD, "The Rev. J.B. BixnxsoN." . MEETING AT SANDWICH, 1885. lxv wall, than an ordinary arcade. Mr. Penny had them unstopped, and rebuilt the south aisle and its porch as they are at present. And now, whilst examining the south chancel and aisle, I may call your attention to a small square opening in the former, which was possibly used by lepers; and on the outside you may observe some large stones in the wall wnich, though not now exactly in situ, were no doubt formerly the steps which led up to it. The piscina in the south aisle was found amongst the rubbish. The present west doorway and window, Mr. Butterfield tells me, are accurate copies of the old ones, which were in a very ruinous condition, and some of the old work was used in their restoration. The rood screen, which originally separatecl the nave from the chancel, was, at the restoration, placed as you now see it in the west tower, and the stone screens now in the chancel were built by Mr. Butterfield. Let me also direct your attention to the curious double piscina and two sedilia, probably inserted early in the thirteenth century. A tablet in the north chancel was erected to the memory of Edward Crayford, son of Sir William Crayford of this pa1·isb, who married a daughter of Sir Rowland Hayward, thrice Lord Mayor of London. He died Sept. 1615. His family owned the property to which this chancel is attached; and had a large house to the west of the rectory, some of the foundations of which lie close to the surface, in the orchard adjoining the school. The flat tomb in the same chancel is to the memory of Edward St. Leger, who was a surgeon at Deal, where £or forty years be took care of the sick and wounded. He was descended from a noble ancestry, and must have been a man of eminent virtues if all that is related of him on the stone is correct. He died Nov. 1729. I regret very much that at the restoration of this church the gravestones within it were placed under the pews, and as far as I am aware no copies were taken of the inscriptions upon them. The names of the rectors of this parisb were given in Vol. XV. of the .A.1·cltCBologia Oantiana; but since that was published, I have discovered that J ohu Sackett was rector in 1684. N ORTIIllOURNE CHURCH, which is cruciform without aisles, has a central tower, much Transition work of circa .A..D. 1180, and a beautiful monument in the south transept £or Colonel Sandes, an active Common wenlth officer, was described bytbe Rev. Thomas Wood. At BET'l'ESH.A.NGER C:e:uncH the Society was received by the Rev. J. W. Bliss, Rector and Rurnl Dean, who described the old tombs of the Boys family, and produced the Parish Register, which contains interesting notices . of that family. The church itself was rebuilt several years ago by Lord Northbourne (then Sir Walter James), upon the model of Barfreston Church, but the old tower was preserved, and the monuments carefully re-erected. In the churchyard are seen side by side two yew-trees, planted-one by the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, the other by Viscount Hardinge, the celebrated General. They now meet and form an arbour above a large seat VOL. XVI, f lxvi MEE'rING A'l' SANDWICH, 1885. formed of a. slab of slate inscribed with a record of the planting of these trees. Lord Nortbbourne and his son, the Hon. Walter James, invited the company to BwrTESlIANGER HousE, and under the trees upon a lawn Lord N orthbourne had hospitably caused luncheon to be prepared for all the members (over 200 in number). After luncheon Lord Northbourne requested Canon Scott Robertson to conduct the company through the reception-rooms of the Mansion. Entering by the dining-room they admired the fine family paintings, especially those representing Viscount Hardinge and his victories. In the drawing-room Turner's picture of Margate and other paintings attracted much attention. They passed on to the library, and thence into the hall, where Lord Northbourne himself described a collection of most interesting objects of historic value. Very hearty thanks were tendered to Lord N orthbourne for his most generous hospitality, and with three hearty cheers for the nohle Lord the company passed on to their carriages. At EASTRY many had to leave in order to catch an early train at Sandwich, but the majority visited EAs'rnY ClIURCII, which was thus described by the Vicar, the Rev. W. Frank Shaw:- EASTRY CHURCH. At what precise time the worship of Almighty God superseded the ancient heathen worship of the goddess 1Eastor, or Easter, in this island, anciently dedicated to her, we have no certain record. But from the fact that the kings of .Kent had a country seat at Eastry in very early times, on the site of the present Eastry, it is highly probable that n Christian church has existed on or about this spot from the days of the good King Ethelbert (who died .A. • .o. 616), say from the early part of the seventh century. No remains, however, of any Saxon work have been discovered in or around the church, so far as I nm aware. But traces of "Transitional" or even Norman work are not far to seek in the tower itllel£, viz., in the external arch of the west door, the north and south windows of the ringing-chamber, and the shallow external buttress on the north side. '.rhere seems good reason £or supposing that in Norman times the tower was somewhat short and squat, reaching only to the stringcourse just above the clock. Then a single roof covered both nave and aisles, the clerestory, if any, was lower than at present, the chancel smaller, whilst nccess was gained to the ringing-chamber of the tower by an outside door. Then in the ? twelfth century the tower was raised to its present height, and its west face remodelled and enriched by the addition of the arcading beneath the face of the clock, the recessed buttresses, the carved corbels, the shallow west porch, and the tower-aisles forming a western extension of the aisles proper,which together give such a mfl.rked cbaracte:r to the west far;