SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV.
By W. S. PENN, B.So.
PART I. GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
THIS report continues the account of the temple complex at Springhead.
Temple I was described previously (1) and the present report considers
Temples I I I and IV. Their relationship to Temple I is shown in Fig. 1.
Temple I I will be described subsequently. No attempt wUl be made
to consider the overall implications of the complex until details of aU
temples have been reported. In this connection it is sufficient at
this stage to record the discovery of Temple V.
SUMMARY
Temples III and IV are both extremely interesting though
problematical buildings.
Temple III is a simple rectangular building 29 ft. by 19 ft. 4 in.
externaUy with waUs 36 in. thick. Some doubt exists regarding its
former purpose but, for reasons discussed later, the best explanation
so far is that it was a " sacred pool " into which pottery offerings were
made.
Temple IV was a small shrine measuring only 12 ft. 4 in. by 7 ft. 7 in.
internaUy. It had a cult statue base and its most interesting feature
was the four infant foundation burials discovered in the floors.
GeneraUy, individual dating of strata is not given in the body of
the report. Details of dating for them is given in Tables 1 and 2.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The farmers Messrs. J. Bartholomew and Sons again aUowed us
unrestricted use of One Tree Field for our work. We are most grateful
for these faculties.
Various authorities were again kind enough to give us the benefit
of their advice. Mr. S. Frere, M.A., F.S.A., offered some useful comments
on the significance of the Temple IV burials. Special thanks
are also due to Mr. R. A. G. Carson, M.A. for deahng with the coins ;
Miss D. Charlesworth, M.A., for the report on the glass and Miss Meikle
for the drawing of the glass, Fig. 6.10 ; Mr. N. Cook, B.A., F.S.A., of
the GuUdhaU Museum for cleaning the bronze necklace from Temple
IV and Miss H. A. H. Maedonald for the petrographical report on the
fragment of marble discovered in Temple IV.
113 i i
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
The author wishes to thank his colleagues for their help which has
made this report and previous reports possible. Mr. E. Tilley is our
" site secretary " and is responsible for cleaning, classifying and describing
aU the smaU finds except the pottery. He also deals with the
coins on site, and also acts as our Honorary Curator for the Chantry
Museum where aU Springhead finds are kept. Mr. W. Gee is the " site
artist " and is responsible for all the drawings in this and all reports.
His work has been particularly tedious this year because of the considerable
amount of pottery, but the standard of his work is always
exceUent. Mr. P. ConnoUy is the " site photographer " and is responsible
for aU the photographs in this report. There are, of course,
many hundreds of other photographs of the site which he has taken.
I am grateful to them all for their assistance.
Of the excavators, the author wishes to offer special thanks to Messrs.
E. TUley, W. Gee, G. Buries, F. Turner, P. Connolly and R. Ivell.
Others who assisted include Messrs. S. Harker, R. Bartlett, P. Anderson,
D. Ford and many other friends of Springhead who help from time to
time.
The work at Springhead is carried out by the Excavation Committee
of the Gravesend Historical Society. The author is indebted to the
President, Chairman and CouncU of the Society for their help and
encouragement during the year. AU excavators are grateful for the
support of the members of the Society. Funds from the Carnegie
(U.K.) Trust were also used again for which we are grateful. Miss
Taylor of the Journal of Soman Studies kindly loaned the block for
Figure 4.
PART II.
TEMPLE III
INTRODUCTION
The plan of Temple I I I is given in Fig. 1 (Plate IA). The building
was not strictly a temple since neither the priest nor the worshippers
entered it. However, it was a sacred building within the temenos
and is thus conveniently caUed Temple III, particularly since its
exact purpose is unknown.
The buUding is north of Temple I and only about three feet from it.
I t was discovered by crop marks and appeared to be similar to the
so-called " priest's dwelling " discovered by Sir Mortimer Wheeler (2)
by the side of the temple on Maiden Castle. It was expected that the
excavations would offer further evidence regarding the purpose of
such buUdings.
STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND DATING
In antiquity the whole of the northern part of the temenos was
excavated to make a shallow depression (Fig. 1). This was fiUed with
114
FIGURE I. POSITION OF TEMPLES
.-p-pHor.M'ATr'i'MrrorTH-A-tK-R-ATr
TfM ~~~——_ " " M A N WATLINO
-"^:-4^* r«e« CH
OPUS SIC.
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
TEMPLE HI
! z I
i © i
i ~ i
i *~
i <-» i
i UJ i
1 t/1 1
-. "s
• I
M COU R T Y A R P * »!
0
0 I 2 I A 5 iO
FIG. 1. Position of Temples,
S E C T I O N , FIGURE 2
T E M P LE © T E M P L E l\\
55$X£kSSK§S5 <&^<\\K<\K^
^yayiiiaiyiiyiityijyiiiy,
:&*[, j3^~~-"Ai aM
(r.M^TLWll
^ ^ \ l ?
^ /
0 C 3 C C 2 C D /
8.2
8 5 8.11
fep
-A *PS2-^I
W x 822
. ^ ^ v a n ^ b V 8 25
PIG. 8. Samian Ware and Incense Cups. (All £)
127
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
/
f
.V ,\V ,\V .AV .\V ,\'.V *\V,tf ,*' ,« .>•.•".•. wmash
ra s«s
FIG. 9. Castor Ware. (All £)
128
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
jrffF* frrrr
Variants S 19/32
Variants on S 10
? > ? ? * 7 r *
Variants on S 40
\ * \ \ T^V^
\ \ ^ \ r \
Varfanu on S 6
PIG. 10. Variants on Standard Forms. (AU J)
129 12
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
?
r
11.13
\
r " 11.12
11.3
' U , , 'US
r II.
^ ^
TO 1 /
I / r ^
Miscellaneous Coarse Ware
PIG. 11. Miscellaneous Coarse Ware. (All J)
130
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
REFERENCES
(1) W. S. PENN, Arch. Cant., LXXIII, 1, 1959.
(2) Sm MORTIMER WHEELER, Maiden Castle, p. 132.
(3) Le Culte Des Sources Dans La Gaule .Antique. C. ViiLLAT,
p. 85, 1932.
(4) J. CLAYTON, Arch. Ael., VHP (1880).
(5) R. E. M. WHEELER, The Antiquaries Journal, VIII, p. 300,1928.
(6) D. ATKINSON, The Romano-British Site on Lowbury Hill in
Berkshire. University College Reading, 1916.
(7) SIR MORTIMER WHEELER, Verulamium, p. 190.
(8) See Springhead Standard Forms, Springhead reports. Arch.
Cant., Vols. LXXII and LXXIII.
(9) L.R.B.C. (Parts I and II) Hill, Kent and Carson " Late Roman
Bronze Coinage ".
Stratum
B.
D.
E.
P.
J.
Floor
J/K.
N.
TABLE 1
DATING OF STRATA, TEMPLE I I I
\, Object
Decorated Samian
D.27 (2 examples)
Date : Flavian
Coin
D.27 (Under opus sig.)
D.18/31
D.31 (2 examples)
D.31 (Under opus sig.)
D.33
Curie 11 (2 examples)
Date : Early Antonine
Coin
Potter's Mark
Potter's Mark
Potter's Mark
Decorated Samian
D.31
Date : c. A.D. 175
Pool—See Table 3.
Decorated Samian
D.27
D.18/31
D.31 (2 examples)
S.13 (See Ref. 8)
Date : Antonine
D.18/31
D.3I (2 examples)
S7
Coarse Ware
Date
A.D. 80
A.D. 50
A.D. 141 +
A.D. 60
Antonine
Antonine
Antonine
Antonine
Flavian
A.D. 140-144
Antonine
Antonine
2nd half 2nd
century
Antonine
Antonine
Antonine
A.D. 60
Antonine
Antonine
A.D. 60-80
Antonine
C. A.D. 200
Late 4th century
Claudian
Date : 4th century, probably
lo+o
Coin
Date : Later than A.D. 231
A.D. 228-231
Reference
Table 6, 11
Table 4, 2
Table 4, 8
Table 6, 3
Table 6, 9
Table 6, 7
Table 5, 12
Table 5, 4
Table 13, 1
Table 4, 4
131
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
Stratum
0.
D.
E.
F.
Floor
H/I
TABLE 2
DATING OF STRATA, TEMPLE IV
Object
S.13
S.19
Coarse Ware
Coarse Ware
Date : Late 1st, Early 2nd
UWIJ.ULU.y
Decorated Samian
Coarse Ware
Coarse Ware
Coarse Ware
S.6 (2 examples)
S.19 (2 examples)
S.20 (2 examples)
S.23
Date : Early Antonine
Decorated Samian
D.31
Coarse Ware
Coarse Ware
Poppyhead beaker sherd
S6 (2 examples)
Date : Antonine (
150-170)
Coin
Coarse Ware
0. A.D.
Poppyhead beaker sherd
S.6
S.10 (3 examples)
S.ll
S.23
S.34
Date : The temple i must have
Date Reference
A.D. 60-80
A.D. 100
Claudian Table 13, 2
A.D. 60-80 Table 13, 3
A.D. 90 Table 5, 10
Claudian Table 13, 4
Late 1st century Table 13, 5
c. A.D. 80 Table 13, 6
Antonine
C. A.D. 100
Late 1st century
Late 1st century
Trajan/Antonine Table 5, 8
Antonine
A.D. 70-90 Table 13, 7
Late 1st century Table 13, 8
e. A.D. 120
Antonine
A.D. 268-270 Table 4, 12
A.D. 80-90 Table 13, 9
C. A.D. 120
Antonine
Late 2nd century
Antonine
Late 1st century
A.D. 60-75
been open in the late 3rd/
to early 4th century.
S.6
Date : Antonine
Object
Coin
Coin
Potter'
Potter'
Potter'
Potter'
s Mark
s Mark
s Mark
s Mark
Decorated Samian
Decorated Samian
Decorated Samian
Decorated Samian
Decorated Samian
Decorated Samian
Decorated Samian
or later.
i
Antonine
TABLE 3
DATING OP THE POOL
Date
A.D. 141 +
Vespasian
Comments
See Table 4, 3
See Table 4, 1
A.D. 80-120 See Table 6, 6
Antonine
Antonine
See Table 6, 1
See Table 6, 10
A.D. 150-180 See Table 6, 4
Antonine See Table 5, 1
Trajan/Antonine See Table 5, 2
o. 150-170
Late 2nd
A.D. See Table 5, 3
centurv See Table 5, 5
Hadrian/AAatonine See Table 6, 6
0. 175 A.D
Antonine
See Table 5, 7
See Table 5, 9
See also Table 8 (Plain Samian) ; Table 9 (Coarse Ware) : Table 10 (Special
Coarse Ware) and Table 12 (Glass).
132
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
Coin
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
10.
11.
14.
15.
T.A3LE 4
THE COINS
(Reported on by R. A. G. Carson, Esq., M.A.)
Position Description
Temple III. Pool.
Temple III. Stratum D.
Temple III. Pool.
Temple III. Stratum N.
Top soil.
6. Top soil.
Top soil.
Temple III. Stratum E.
Top soil.
Top soil.
Top soil.
12. Temple TV. Stratum F.
13. Temple TV. Stratum I.
Top soil.
Top soil.
Vespasian. Denarius.
RIC. II. No. 10. (A.D. 69-71.)
Faustina Senior. 2 .AE. As.
RIC. III. No. 1155. (A.D. 141 + .)
Faustina Senior. 2 AE. As.
RIC. III. No. 1163. (A.D. 141 + .)
Severus Alexander 2 AE. As.
RIC. IV. 2. No. 595. (A.D. 228-231.)
Arcadius. 3 AE. small.
Obv. Legend worn off. Bust diademed r.
Rev. (VICTORIA) AVGGG Victory advancing
left with wreath and palm. Mini;—
Rome. Cf. LRBC II. 781. (A.D. 388-92.)
Arcadius. 3 AE small.
Obv. DN ARC(ADIVS PF AVG) Bust
diademed r.
Rev. Illegible. Victory advancing left with
wreath and palm. Mint—Rome. Cf.
LRBC II. 783. A.D. 388-92.
Radiate imitation Tetricus I. Prototype
" Salus "
Obv. IMP* TETRICUS PF AVG. Bust,
radiate and draped r.
Rev. A G Salus feeding snake and holding
anchor 3 AE. c. A.D. 275.
Antoninus Pius. 1 AE Sestertius.
RIC. I I I . No. 638. A.D. 140-144.
Gallienus. 3 AE.
RIC. VI. No. 511. A.D. 259-368.
Valentinian I. 3 AE. LRBC II. 1400.
A.D. 367-375.
Arcadius. 3 AE small.
Obv. DN ARC(ADIVS PF) AVG. Bust
diademed r.
Rev. (VICTOR)IA AVGGG. Victory advancing
1. with wreath and palm. Mint
mark TRP ? Cf. LRBC II. 64.
Imitation Claudius I I . Gothicus 3 AE.
Obv. (DI)VO CLAVDIO. Head radiate, r.
Rev. CONSECRATIO lighted altar with
palmettes. Cf. RIC. V. i. p. 233, No. 259.
A.D.270+.
Marcus Aurelius I AE. Sestertius.
Obv. Illegible Bust laureat, r.
Rev. Illegible. Standing figure. Infield SC.
Theodosius. 3 AE. LRBC II. 568.
Crispus. 3 AE.
Obv. IVL CRISPUS NOB CAES.
Rev. BE ATA TRANQVILLITAS. On altar,
inscribed VOTIS XX, a globe ; above three
stars m.m. Trier. K.209.
STR
133
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
TAIBLB 5
DECORATED SAMIAN WARE
Figure 7, 10. Drag 37. Found in pool.
a. Ovolo separated from decoration by wavy hne.
b. Continuous scroll fills side with medallions in concavities containing
cherubs. (Oswald Figure Types II No. 440 Trajan/.Autonine.)
c. Potter's mark Justus of Lezoux. (See Table 5, 12.)
Date : Antonine.
Figure 7, 5. Drag 37. Found in pool.
a. Ovolo separated from single zone decoration by bead row.
b. Decoration divided into metopes by astragalus motif.
c. Alternate metopes contain cherubs O.II No. 440. Trajan/Antonine.
d. Other metopes divided horizontally with festoon in top containing dolphins
O. IV No. 2382.
e. Potter's mark—Paternus. Trajan/Antonine.
Date : Trajan/Antonine.
Figure 8, 3. D.37. Found in pool.
a. Metopes separated by astragalus motif. Probably 2nd half of 2nd century.
b. Metopes (containing medallions) divided metopes (containing festoons in
upper compartment) characteristic of Antonine.
c. Leaves in medallions reminiscent of Cinnamus and figures subject in narrow
metope. .Antonine.
d. It is interesting to note the tree on its side in lower compartment of divided
metope.
Date : c. A.D. 150-170
Figure 8, 2. D.30. Temple III, Stratum J.
a. Ovolo separated by bead row and asymmetrical tongue is characteristic of
2nd century.
b. Metopes and divided metopes can be mid 2nd century.
c. Upper compartment of divided metope contains standing goat (O. IV.
1836-Hadrian/Antonine).
d. Lower compartment contains dolphin (O.IV. 2392 Trajan/Antonine).
e. Large metope with medaUion containing Cinnamus type leaf.
Date : .Antonine.
Figure 8, 1. D.37. Pool.
a. Ovolo separated from decoration by cable motif characteristic of East
Gaul—Traj an/iVntonine.
b. Decoration free in field—tending towards late 2nd century. No degeneration
would presumably confine to 2nd not 3rd century.
c. Female figure standing and leaning on post, separated by climbing plant
motif. (0.1.322. Hadrian/late .Antonine).
Date : Late 2nd century.
Figure 1, 4. D.37. Pool,
a. Cherub. (O.II. 440. Hadrian/Antonine.)
Date : Hadrian/Antonine.
Figure 7, 9. D. 37. Pool.
a. Fowl in large medallion. O.IV. 2356. Antonine.
b. The ovolo without tongue is perhaps typical of late 2nd century.
Date : c. A.D. 176.
Figure 7,1. D.37. Temple IV. Stratum E.
a. General divided metope, separated by bead rows, some containing large
medallions—typical of Antonine.
b. Leaping deer O.IV. 1720/21. Trajan/Antonine.
Date ; Trajan/Antonine.
Figure 7, 7. D.37. Pool,
a. Part of gladiator. Many similar Antonine types.
Date : Antonine.
134
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
10. Figure 7, 6. D.37. Temple rV, Stratum D.
a. Wavy line separates ovolo from decoration. Suggests 1st century.
b. Asymmetric tongue would indicate late 1st century,
o. Cruciform decoration, indicates Flavian.
Date : c. A.D. 90.
11. Figure 7, 8. D.37. Temple III, Stratum B.
a. Double trifid binding suggests late 1st century.
b. Trifid terminal of ovolo suggests Flavian.
Date : c. A.D. 80.
12. Figures 7, 2 and 7, 3. D.37. Temple III, Stratum E.
a. Compound leaf scroll suggests Cinnamus.
b. Absence of tendril binding suggests 2nd century.
c. Trace of bead row.
Date : Antonine.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Mark
CALIIN M
(Calenus)
LVPERCI
(Luperous)
MALLIACI
(Malliaeus)
MATERN
(Maternus)
/ATERNI
(Maternus or
Paternus)
RVPIN M
TABLE 6
POTTER'S MARKS
Form
Ludowici
Sa.
D.33
Ludowici
Sa.
Ludowici
Sa.
D.33
D.33
(Probably Rufinus
of Heiligenberg)
SACRILI M.
(Sacrillus of
Lezoux) .
/ILLIM
(Sacrillus)
SIIDATIM
(Sedatus)
TINTIRI OF
(Tintirus)
?TICVM
JVSTVM
(Justus)
PATRNI
(Paternus)
D.33
D.33
D.33
D.33
?
D.37
37
Position
Pool.
Top soil.
Temple I I I,
Stratum E.
Pool
Top soil.
Pool.
Temple I I I,
Stratum E.
Top soil.
Temple I I I,
Stratum E.
Pool.
Top soil.
Pool.
(See Table)
Pool.
(See Table)
Figure
8, 8
8, 15
8, 11
8, 9
8, 13
8, 6
8, 16
8, 14
8, 5
8, 12
8, 10
8,7
8 ,4
Date
Antonine.
Antonine.
Antonine.
A.D. 150-180.
Antonine.
A.D. 80-120.
2nd half 2nd
century.
Antonine.
Antonine.
Antonine.
?
Antonine.
Trajan/
Antonine.
135
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
TABLE 7
DATE ANALYSIS OF PLAIN SAMIAN
Form
Date
1—I
CO
CO
1—t
fi
lO
IN
<•N*
fi i>
i-H
O
i
o
O
i
Claudian
Flavian
Late 1st
Early 2nd
c. A.D. 160
Late 2nd
7 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - 1 1
_ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ 4
7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7
_ _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3
- 1 - - 1 5 3 1 - 1 3 2 1 18
_ _ _ _ 1 s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6
14 13 49
TABLE 8
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OP PLAIN SAMIAN WARE
Form
D.18
D.18/31
D.24/25
D.27
D.31
D.33
D.36
D.38
D.42
D.46
Ritt I
Curie 11
Curie 15
Curie 21
Lud. Ob.
Lud. Oc.
Total Number
from Site
18
35
2
5
64
40
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
2
1
181
Number from
Pool
5
8
1
3
8
3
3
2
1
39
136
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AAND TV
TAUJLE 9
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF POOL COARSE WARE
Standard
Springhead
Form Number % Date
2
3
4
6
7
10
11
12
13
19
20
22
19/32
40
Poppyhead sherds
16
2
9
243
14
263
44
6
5
27
2
14
94
11
22
2-07
0-26
1-16
31-48
1-81
34-12
5-70
0-78
0-65
3-50
0-26
1-81
12-13
1-42
2-85
4th century
4th century
4th century
Antonine
Late 4th century
Late 2nd century
Antonine
Antonine
A.D. 60-80
c. A.D. 100
Late 1st century
Antonine
Late 1st century
A.D. 75-90
c. A.D. 120
772 100-00
Sherd
No.
1
Figure
No.
11.4
11.2
11.5
11.7
11.9
11.8
11.1
11.3
11.6
TABLE 10
SPECIAL COARSE WARE FROM THE POOL
Description
Flagon. Four ringed mouth and two ringed handle. Pink
fabric with pale cream slip. Cf. Richborough I. No. 36.
Date : Mid-late 1st century.
Two ribbed handle ; orange fabric, white slip.
Date : Usually 1st century.
Ola with outbent rim. Hard grey ware. cf. Richborough I I I ,
No. 269.
Date : A.D. 80-120.
Mortarium. cf. Richborough III, No. 356.
Date : 1st century
Light grey ware, similar S28.
Date : c. A.D. 50.
Olla with outbent rim. Hard grey ware. cf. Richborough III,
No. 264.
Date: A.D. 80-120.
This pot has vertical striations on shoulder. Grey/brown ware.
cf. Wroxeter i n , No. 70.
Ollae with recurved rims. Similar Wroxeter I, 31, 32 and 33.
Date : A.D. 90-120.
Slight incurved rim. Collingwood 38/39. Hadrian/A^ntonine.
137
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
TABLE 11
THE BRONZE OBJECTS
(Reported on by E. Tilley, Esq., except bracelet which was reported on by M. R.
Hull, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.)
Object
No.
1 Pool.
Pool.
Pool.
Pool.
Position
Figure
No.
6.3
6.1
5 Temple TV, Stratum L. —
6 Temple III, Stratum F. —
7 Pool. —
8 Temple IV, Stratum P.
9 Temple IV, Stratum P. 6.2
Description
Stud, Bronze flat-head stud. The pin in
the centre of the reverse side is -7 in.
long.
Stud. Large brass hollow-domed stud.
Diam. 1 • 2 in. The pin in the centre of
the reverse side is square in section and
•8 in. long.
Disc. Thin bronze disc with central hole.
Diam. 2 • 1 in.
Pin. Fragment of bronze pin with plain
spherical knob.
Pendant. Bronze heart-shaped pendant
or phalera with terminal knob and a
loop for suspension. There is a small
hook on the reverse side.
Bracelet. Fragment of twisted bronze wire
bracelet.
Bracelet. Bracelet formed of a band of
brass. The terminals decorated with
incised horizontal lines, the rest with
groups of three and four dashes.
Ring. Brass finger-ring with eight facets.
Each facet decorated with incised
diagonals.
Long brass chain. The chain which is
square in section is made of overlapping
compressed links, and is therefore rather
rigid. It is 28 in. long and has a cylindrical
mount and hook at one end, and a
plain " C " hook at the other. A break
in antiquity is repaired with a twist of
thin brass wire. Attached to the plain
hook is a shorter, 10 in., heavier, but
similarly made bronze chain, at the end
of which is a large " S" hook.
It is of interest to note that the thin
brass chain is in almost perfect condition
whilst the heavier bronze one is very
badly corroded and past restoration.
cf. Richborough Report H, pi. XV.,
fig. 1, No. 10. Verulamium Report, p.
213.
138
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND IV
Fragment
No.
1
TABLE 12
THE GLASS FROM THE POOL
(Reported on by Miss D. Charlesworth, M.A.)
Fragment from the base of a bowl in rich green glass with light iridescent
weathering. It is decorated with a series of raised concentric
circles, centred on the base of the bowl, formed by grinding away
the surface in between, and polished.
Rich coloured metals are most common in the 1st century and
rare the 2nd and early 3rd. It is therefore probable that this piece
was old when it was discarded.
Fragment of the shoulder of a conical bodied flagon in amber glass, a
type made in the Seine/Rhine area in the late 1st and 2nd century.
Fragment of a handle in blue green glass, probably from a flagon of
late 1st or 2nd century date. (Figure 6.5.)
Fragment, probably from the rim of a jug, in blue green glass. The
rim is rounded and below is a series of matching trails.
Fragments of a flask in colourless glass, irregular rim, which the maker
has tried to fold inwards, with a hole at one place where his tool has
poked right through the metal, funnel shaped mouth with a trail
twisted five times round the neck. There are not enough fragments
to make a reconstruction of the body possible. 3rd century
Rhenish. (Figure 6.10.)
This type of neck is very common on late 2nd and 3rd century
vessels, e.g. a flagon from Ospringe (W. Whiting, etc. Report on the
excavation of the Roman cemetery at Ospringe (1931), No. 503.
Fragments of three square bottles. (See Figure 6.8 for example.)
These vessels are in use throughout the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D.
TABLE 13
GENERAL COARSE WARE
Sherd
No. No. Position
1 11.15 Temple III.
Floor J/K.
2 11.11 Temple rv.
Stratum C.
11.18 Temple IV.
Stratum C.
11.17 Temple IV.
Stratum D.
11.14 Temple IV.
Stratum D.
11.12 Temple IV.
Stratum D.
11.10 Temple IV.
Stratum E.
11.16 Temple IV.
Stratum E.
11.13 Temple TV
Stratum F.
Description
Hard light grey bowl.
Date : Claudian.
Green glazed bowl with yellow striations.
Brown fabric but glazed inside and outside.
Cf. Wroxeter I, p. 20.
Date : Claudian.
Incurving bead rim. Cf. Lullingstone
Arch. Cant., LXVI. Nos. 121-126.
Date : c. A.D. 60-80.
Curved rim with prominent bulge at
shoulder. Hard light brown colour.
Cf. Rich. I. Nos. 6, 16 and 62.
Date : Claudian.
Bowl with incurving rim. Cf. S20.
Date : Late 1st century.
Olla. Cf. Joyden's Wood, Arch. Cant.,
LXVIII, p. 177 ; Rich. IV. No. 383.
Date : c. A.D. 80.
Two ribbed handle, hard ware. cf. Rich.
TV. No. 371, 372 and 4.
Date : A.D. 70-90.
Bowl with incurving rim.
Date : Late 1st century.
Olla. Flat cordon below neck. cf. Rich.
TV. No. 406.
Date : c. A.D. 80-90.
139
SPRINGHEAD : TEMPLES III AND TV
TABLE 14
MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS
(Reported on by E. Tilley, Esq.)
Object
No.
1
Position
Temple III,
Stratum D.
Figure
No.
Pool. 6.7
3
4
5
6
7
Pool.
Pool.
In or just outside
Temple i n .
Temple XV stratum
Temple TV stratum
6.6
6.9
e.g.
6.4
—
—
Description
Latch-lifter. Much corroded iron hook-key
or latch-lifter. Similar to the one from
the Bakery, Site A. Arch. Cant., Vol.
LXXI, 1957, Fig. 16.1. cf. Richborough
D7. Fig. 346. Verulamium
Report, p. 219, pi. LXV. 21.
Counter. Pottery gaming counter. Diam.
• 8 in. Thickness • 2 in.
Ring. Plain silver finger ring.
Hone. Small hone.
Bone pins. Fragments of four bone pins.
Hone. Part of hone.
Marble. White marble speckled with red
of foreign origin. (Kindly examined by
Miss H. A. H. Maedonald of Geological
Survey and Museum.)
140
