A Directory of Medical Personnel Qualified and Practising in the Diocese of Canterbury c. 1560 - 1730

135 A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL QUALIFIED AND PRACTISING IN THE DIOCESE OF CANTERBURY, c.1560-1730 IAN MORTIMER The question of how many medical practitioners served urban and rural communities in the early modern period has exercised social historians for many years. A century ago, the seventeenth-century provincial practitioner was looked upon as a rare beast, more often than not a quack or charlatan, with the vast majority of ‘proper’ physicians being resident in London. This view was strongly reinforced by early historians of medicine, who, as a result of their eagerness to demonstrate how society had been improved by the profession, concentrated on applauding the achievements of the great men of science. Of course, many of these great men emerged from the provinces – Kent’s own William Harvey is a prime example – but they tended to base themselves either in the university towns or London, and their work was anything but routine or characteristic of the profession as a whole. Although local records often revealed practitioners functioning successfully in localities, and even gaining wealth, status and political eminence in towns, the idea that there was a large cadre of provincial physicians, surgeons and apothecaries was normally dismissed. This view first came to be challenged in the early 1960s. In 1961 McConaghey used ecclesiastical records (particularly those of the diocese of Exeter) to describe the licensing system over the period from the mid-sixteenth century to the mid-eighteenth; and churchwardens’ and municipal accounts to illustrate the scale of medical relief available to the poor.1 In so doing he demonstrated that there were several hundred licensed practitioners in Devon and Cornwall between the late sixteenth and mid eighteenth centuries. The following year Raach’s much more straightforward solution appeared: A Directory of English Country Physicians 1603-1643 identifies a total of 814 ‘doctors’ for the provincial counties in the period.2 Unfortunately, his definition of a ‘doctor’ was influenced heavily by earlier historians of metropolitan medical practitioners who had adopted contemporary elitist terminology to IAN MORTIMER 136 Map 1 Places in east Kent with ten or more medical men active during the period c.1560-1730. Scale: 10 miles. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 137 exclude anyone who was not a licensed physician or the holder of a M.D. degree, and he excluded surgeons, apothecaries, females and unorthodox practitioners. Nevertheless, it was a good point well-made: London was not the sole source of medical expertise in the early seventeenth century, nor even the main one for the majority of the population. Very soon afterwards, Roberts shifted the question on to a much more sophisticated and professional level in an influential article in Medical History.3 He demonstrated why the history of medicine in the provinces had been ignored, stating: ‘the smallness of the number of physicians who belonged to the exclusive College of Physicians has made it appear that the mass of the people who lived outside London relied for medical attention on quacks’.4 In the same opening paragraph he drew attention to the important implications of Raach’s work, and moreover demonstrated its limitations, suggesting that it was wrong for historians to ignore surgeons and apothecaries in any systematic appraisal of practitioner availability in provincial England. He developed this theme, introducing for the first time the key methodological problems which inform the debate to this day. He questioned the validity of a list along the lines of Raach’s, as the recorded presence of a M.D. or a M.B. in a particular place does not necessarily imply that he practised there, and many such men indeed had retired. Most importantly, he questioned the very nature of the provincial physician’s training and occupational identity. In his words: A directory of physicians implies that the term physician is a fairly distinct type of medical practitioner performing a function in medicine not carried out by the subordinate apothecaries or surgeons. This of course has usually been assumed to be so until the apothecary became a general practitioner some time after the Plague, and contemporary writers ... all believed in such a hierarchical and differentiated professional structure. Thus there is no hint in the Directory that in fact some of the people listed were surgeons and apothecaries by training who at this early date took out episcopal licences to establish, or confirm their practice. This fact is important for when such men became ‘physicians’ they did not practise in the same way as the true consultant-like physicians, whose prescribed treatment was actually carried out by apothecaries and surgeons. This new type of physician kept his apothecary’s or surgeon’s shop, run by apprentices, and did all the treatment himself.5 This is the crux of the problem. What is a medical practitioner? Two or three hundred years before the advent of the modern Medical Register, it is not easy to say. Is it accurate to call a grocer who deals in medicinal substances and is occasionally called an apothecary by his clients a medical practitioner? Should we not refer to an experienced woman whose profession is nursing the sick and healing children’s ailments also as a medical practitioner? In this work Roberts singlehandedly showed IAN MORTIMER 138 the weaknesses of the traditional approach and opened the gate to the modern study of the social history of medicine. The identification of practitioners by name continues to have validity, however, especially when combined with more recent numerical modelling and sampling techniques. Perhaps the most influential essay on the social history of medicine yet published, by Margaret Pelling and Charles Webster, used a very similar methodology, enumerating the numbers of practitioners active in a locality at a specific time and comparing this with the local population.6 They identified sufficient ‘practitioners’ (defined as anyone who was practising medicine, excluding nurses and midwives) to suggest practitioner : population ratios of 1:400 in London at the end of the sixteenth century and 1:220 in Norwich (a figure later revised by Pelling to 1:200).7 Although they found it difficult to expand on this and suggest how many practitioners were operating in rural areas, the point had been emphatically made. In 1600 there were more practitioners per head of the urban population than there were in a twentieth-century city. The Canterbury Diocesan Probate Records In 2002 the writer examined the probate accounts for the dioceses of Canterbury, Salisbury (including the archdeaconry of Berkshire) and Chichester in order to quantify changes in medical assistance purchased on behalf of the seriously ill and dying in the seventeenth century. The Canterbury collections proved extraordinarily rewarding. They suggest that between c.1590 and c.1710 there was an increase of between 360 and 1,130 per cent in the use of medicine and medical advice by the seriously ill and dying (depending on social status and geographical location, the rural poor seeing the greatest change). As a result, there may be no doubt that the seventeenth century saw the medicalisation of society in east Kent, in the sense that at the start of the period few individuals except the rich sought the help of occupationally-defined medical practitioners when seriously ill – most relied on amateur, family and local help – whereas by 1700 almost all non-destitute people had access to medical practitioners or specially prepared apothecarial wares deemed suitable for their needs.8 This massive increase in the use of medical strategies to cope with illness and injury begs one very important question. How was this possible? Traditionally the assumption has been that more competition must mean more business, which in turn must mean more businessmen or practitioners. But as Pelling and Webster’s essay suggests, there were many practitioners operating in London and Norwich c.1600, so where would be the evidence for a massive increase in their numbers? Fortunately, in east Kent it is possible to answer this question in detail, partly using the probate accounts themselves. This is because one may determine reasonably accurately how many practitioners were operating A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 139 in c.1690 compared to c.1620. The details of payments to named practitioners allow us to calculate how deficient a directory of names built up from licensing and similar records may be. The result is that the numbers of occupationally-defined medical practitioners (excluding nurses) in east Kent was an average of about 191 in the period 1620-40 and about 195 in the period 1670-1710.9 These figures imply practitioner:population ratios for the diocese in the region of 1:370 for the earlier decades and 1 : 410 for the later, commensurate with the 1:400 proposed by Pelling and Webster for sixteenth century London.10 So who were they, these medical practitioners who provided this medical revolution to the people of east Kent? While we cannot answer this question in every case, it is possible to give an indication for the majority. Just as the probate accounts for the diocese of Canterbury are without parallel, the records of diocesan licensing are very good indeed, including not only grants of licences but (after 1660) applications to obtain licences to practise medicine. The records of Canterbury freemen are also available, so too the records of those from Oxford and Cambridge who obtained medical degrees and/or licenses to practise medicine. Raach’s directory is not without its uses, and the indexes at the Centre for Kentish Studies of probate material – such as wills and inventories – give many more references to medical men. All these sources were used for compiling the directory of practitioners in Canterbury diocese which formed part of the author’s thesis. The most important source by far for this directory, however, is the collection of probate accounts. There are three crucial reasons why this is so. The first has already been alluded to: by comparing the qualified practitioners with the active ones, we can work out the proportions of active practitioners who had no qualification and who would otherwise not appear in such a directory (and make allowance for them in quantifying their numbers). The second reason follows on from this: we can also often name and locate these ‘unqualified’ individuals on the basis of their records of activity, allowing us systematically to amplify this directory in a way possible for no other diocese in England. This is important, for it reveals that many well-established practitioners were operating with no known official identity with the acquiescence (tacit or otherwise) of the local authorities. Although in order to charge for performing medical services, any practitioner was legally required to hold a licence or a medical degree, at least forty per cent of Kentish practitioners had no such qualification. Some of these were apothecaries who only supplied medicines, and did not prescribe them, but many ‘physicians’ and ‘surgeons’ were sanctioned only by local trust. As the writer has argued elsewhere, this suggests that although the licensing system was deficient in many respects, it formed part of a local means of medical control.11 Lack of a licence could be used as a means of controlling IAN MORTIMER 140 those practitioners who fell foul of local trust, or muscled in on a locality against the interests of a trusted practitioner, or without the acquiescence of the local gentry. Otherwise local support was sufficient licence in itself. Thus, although Kent shows a higher proportion of licentiates among its practitioners than elsewhere in southern England, it also shows a high toleration of unlicensed practitioners and a commensurate high level of trust in their services. The third reason why the probate accounts are the most important single source underlying this directory is the question of practitioner identities. Hitherto practitioners have tended to be described as falling into one of three camps: the physicians (those who advised and prescribed), the surgeons (those who cut into the body and attended to the outer appearance), and the apothecaries (those who supplied medicines). Historians have realised for a long time that this is too rigid an understanding to be applied in every case, but only through a study of the probate accounts has it become apparent how loosely it applied. Many practitioners who obtained a licence to practise surgery were described as ‘doctor’ by their patients, especially after 1660. Many apothecaries who were supplying physic were also supplying advice, and performing the role of a physician, often with the result that they were called ‘physician’ or ‘doctor’ by their clients. In the modern, qualification-dominated world, we would normally say that a man licensed to practise surgery was a surgeon, or a freeman apothecary was an apothecary and not a physician, but this was not necessarily so in the seventeenth century. If a man had a shop from which he sold medicines, he was an apothecary to his clients, regardless of whether he held a licence to perform surgery and regardless of whether he was officially a freeman or not. Alternatively, a physician who practised surgery on occasion was no less a physician for the diversity of his trade, although it would not be incorrect for the beneficiaries of his surgery to describe him as a surgeon. In some cases a practitioner was described as an apothecary and as a physician and also held a licence to practise surgery. In short, practitioner identities were very loose, and as our evidence is so often directly contradictory, it is clear that most medical practitioners were fulfilling a range of medical roles, especially after 1660. Format of the Directory The comprehensive version of this Directory of practitioners in Canterbury diocese which includes full references to the relevant probate accounts is published on the Society’s website. An abbreviated version is set out below. The Directory includes a total of 832 entries to named practitioners, plus a few ‘supplementary’ entries included on account of the difficulty in deciding to which practitioner they relate. All of these A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 141 were working – and almost all were also resident – in the diocese of Canterbury. Practitioners noted as resident elsewhere have only been included if they are known to have practised within the diocese on the evidence of payments, e.g. John Kevell of Rye, Sussex. Famous practitioners who were born or grew up in Kent have not been included unless there is evidence of their practising within the diocese. Thus the Directory does not include such Kentish medical luminaries as William Harvey, Robert Sprackling, Thomas Hall, Edward Bodenham, Robert Conny or Robert Fludd. Fifty-three names have been included without a very firm foundation for regarding them as practitioners; these have been included on the strength of a payment to them in the probate accounts for providing medicines or physic. Some of these will be references to apothecaries, but others will be reimbursements to non-medical people for obtaining medicines on behalf of the dying person. Nevertheless, even if all fifty-three entries relate to such reimbursements, it is by far the most complete directory of practitioners for early modern England yet compiled, with 779 names over a period of 170 years.12 Entries appear in a highly abbreviated form. Although a practitioner who obtained a licence to practise surgery might be described occasionally as an apothecary in view of his other duties, it has not been possible to show all the various occupational descriptors applied to each individual here. Instead the emphasis has been placed on career events: details of qualification, activity, and death. An occupational identity has been supplied in all possible cases, but as explained above, this should not be regarded as strictly correct (except for M.D. degree holders). Similarly, although in every possible case a location has been supplied, readers need to bear in mind that many Freemen of Canterbury did not practise in the city but merely served their apprenticeships there before moving away to practise elsewhere. Also the locations of many licentiates are known only from their licences or applications: these may reflect a place of origin as opposed to a place of practice. Where shifts of residence are known these have been included. The following notes explain the nature of the data provided in the Directory: ‘Active c.1670-80.’ This denotes that there are entries in the probate accounts indicating that the practitioner may be identified as providing medical assistance to a deceased individual. Full details of which probate account contains the reference are included in the comprehensive version of this directory on the website.13 There are two important things for readers to bear in mind. First, the dates in question are only circa dates. They should be supposed normally to be one or two years after the event, as the probate account was drawn up and copied for IAN MORTIMER 142 the court usually between six months and two years after the deceased’s death. However, many accounts were dated three or four years after the death, and it is not unknown for accounts involving children to be drawn up as long as fifteen or sixteen years afterwards, so caution needs to be exercised when using this data. Second, the date range should not be taken to mean that a practitioner was only active for those dates, merely that these are the dates of the accounts which specifically mention him. As few practitioners appear in more than ten accounts, there is plenty of scope for a practitioner who worked for forty years to be described here as ‘active’ for only four. This problem is exacerbated by the absence of accounts during the mid-seventeenth century, when the episcopal licensing system did not operate. In reality, this began before the Commonwealth, in about 1647. For this reason a practitioner heavily active in the 1650s would not be noticed as ‘active’ in these accounts unless his recorded career assisting the dying predated 1648 or postdated 1660. ‘Lic.’ stands for ‘Licentiate’ with the granting aegis in brackets afterwards. Hence: ‘Lic. (dioc.)’ for diocesan licentiates, ‘Lic. (arch.)’ for archiepiscopal licentiates, ‘Lic. (RCP)’ for licentiates of the Royal College of Physicians, ‘Lic. (Oxon)’ or ‘Lic. (Cantab)’ for medical degree holders licensed to practise medicine or surgery by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Royal College of Physicians’ licences were drawn from Munk’s Roll; Oxford and Cambridge licences were drawn from the alumni volumes for each university. Otherwise, the main source was A.W.G. Haggis’s typescript list of medical licentiates (MSS 5343-7) at The Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine. This covers diocesan licences, archiepiscopal licences, and, after 1660, applications for licences (where extant). The original records from which Haggis compiled his index were not consulted, but in the course of research mistakes and lacunae were noted, and amended. Raach’s book was used for some licence grants not found in Haggis’s index, and the online index to the Lambeth Palace Library records was used to supplement deficiencies in Haggis’s work.14 One important fact which readers should note with regard to licences is that they do not necessarily mark the start of a career. Unlike a modern ‘qualification’ they were A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 143 often regarded as a legal safeguard, obtained later. A number of practitioners obtained a licence only when circumstances forced them, such as when a legal case was brought against them, or when their domination of a market was threatened. Hence a number of applications for diocesan licences mention that the applicant had worked for twenty or thirty years.15 ‘Signatory’. This relates to applications for licences. The process whereby a licence was obtained varied according to the authority under which the licence was granted. In the case of diocesan licences, applicants could provide testimonials of their competency signed by recognised practitioners. In other cases, applicants were examined by practitioners appointed by the chancellor of the diocese. Where Haggis noted the names of the examining or testifying practitioner on an application, this has been included as evidence of his activity. It should be noted that signatories have only been included in this directory where their presence and medical qualifications (in the broadest sense) are confirmed, either by a by-line alongside the signature on a licence application, or medical payments mentioned in the accounts. For example, Nicholas and Robert Day are not included on this list, although they signed medical licence applications. This is on the grounds that often signatories were men from outside the diocese, especially London physicians. Freemen of Canterbury: all references have been drawn from Stella Corpe’s lists drawn from Canterbury City Archives (copies held at the Centre for Kentish Studies). In using these it has not been presumed that all enrolled apprentices became practitioners; apprentices (abbreviated to ‘app.’) have been excluded from this directory unless there is some other evidence of service. Other details. Dates of practitioners’ deaths have mainly been taken from the indexes of probate material (wills and inventories) in the Centre for Kentish Studies, or Raach’s Directory. A few have been drawn from the old Dictionary of National Biography and the university alumni volumes.16 Some dates have been given in the form ‘d. pre 16XX’ where 16XX is the date of the practitioner’s own probate account. As for medical degrees these have mostly been drawn from the university alumni volumes. Foreign university degrees as well as domestic ones may also appear in Haggis’s typescript and Raach’s Directory, and such details (where available) have been included. IAN MORTIMER 144 THE ABBREVIATED DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 Aldye, Edward: Surgeon of Egerton. Lic. (dioc.) 1615. Allen, John: Barber-surgeon of Appledore, d.1703. Allen, John: Surgeon of Faversham. Lic. (dioc.) 1664. Allen, Richard: Apothecary of Faversham. Active c.1595. Allen, William: Surgeon of Sittingbourne, d.1724. Active from about 1690, most refs to him providing medicines. Amis, William: Surgeon of Herne. Lic. (dioc.) 1703; active (as ‘Dr Amis’) c.1709. Anderson, Edward: Surgeon of Sandwich. Active c.1579-1603, perhaps later. Andrews, John: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury, d.1696. Freeman 1676. Annott, Charles: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1599; active c.1606-1641; described also as ‘physician’ from 1626. Annott, Charles: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1639; active c.1640? [see previous entry]. Annott, Charles: Surgeon of Sandwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1630; active c.1627. Annott, Peter: Physician & Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1594; active c.1593-1600. Annott, Peter: Physician & Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1668. Annott, Thomas: Surgeon of Faversham. Active c.1580-1614 or later. Annott, Thomas: Surgeon of Sandwich. Active c.1604-17. Annott, Thomas: Surgeon of Sandwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1639; active c.1640; app. with Charles Annott of Canterbury 1630? Annott: refs to various of this name, Physicians or Surgeons of Sandwich, active c.1616-32. Annott: refs to various of this name, Physicians of Canterbury, active c.1620-41. Anthony, John: Physician of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1632. Anwood, Thomas: Surgeon of [Faversham area]. Active c.1586. Anworth, Charles: Surgeon? of Canterbury. Active c.1606. Argent, John: Physician of Sandwich. Lic (arch.) 1620. Arrow, Robert: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Arthur, James: Physician & Surgeon of Hythe. Active c.1641-84. Arthur, Richard: Surgeon of Hythe. Application for lic. (dioc.) undated, after 1661; worked 20 years for his dec’d father, Richard. Arthur, Richard: Surgeon of Wye, later of Hythe, d.1661. Lic. (dioc.) 1632. Aunsell, George: Apothecary [of Hoath area]. Active c.1586. Austen, John: Surgeon of Loose. Lic. (dioc.) 1600. Austen, William: Physician of Cranbrook. B.A. (Oxon) 1649, Lic. (RCP) 1657. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Signatory on application 1662. Austin, Nicholas: Surgeon of Bearsted. Active c.1646. Ayres, Matthew: Physician & Surgeon of Loose. Lic. (arch.) 1709. Bachelor, Dr: Physician of [Sittingbourne region]. Active c.1726. Back, Edward: Physician & Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (dioc.) 1695; active c.1699-1709. Bacon, Dr: Physician of [Canterbury region]. Active c.1593-1606. Bailey, George: Apothecary of Milton, d.1683. Active c.1676-83. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 145 Bailey/Baytey, John. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1644? Baker, Walter: Surgeon of Lydd. Lic. (dioc.) 1634. Active c.1620. Baker, John: [Uncertain] of [Canterbury region]. Active c.1597. Baker, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Canterbury region]. Active c.1712. Bale/Beale, John: Physician of Canterbury. M.A. (Cantab); M.D. (Cantab, 1663, according to Raach, p.23; poss. Padua); lic. (dioc.) 1665 [see also John Bate]. Bale, John: Physician of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1694. Barham, Charles: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury, d.1706. Freeman 1700 (app. of Thomas Fowler, q.v.). Barham, John: Barber-surgeon [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1679. Barham, Thomas: Doctor [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1726. Barnard, [Unknown]: Surgeon? of Ivychurch. Active c.1617. Barnes, Thomas: Surgeon [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1575 (by gift). Barnesdale, Dr: Physician of [Sittingbourne region]. Active c.1574-1603 [this is possibly the famous physician Dr William Baronsdale (d.1608), M.D. (Cantab) who was for eleven years President of, the College of Physicians. See ODNB.]. Barrett, Paul: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1719; active c.1724. Bartlett, Samuel: Apothecary [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1687; lic. (arch.) 1687. Bassett, John: Surgeon [of Canterbury?]. Freeman pre 1605 [see entry for George Vickeringe]. Bate, John: Physician & surgeon. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1661; signatory 1675 (Haggis, pp.71, 78) [see also John Bale/Beale, lic. 1665]. Bate, Richard: Surgeon of Fordwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Bate, Richard: Surgeon of Cranbrook. Lic. (dioc.) 1605. Bates, John: Physician of [Ashford region]. Active c.1712-21 [possibly to be identified with John Bates of Ashford, who matric. Oxon 1678, aged 17]. Bates, Nicholas: Physician of [Unknown]. Active c.1618. Batteley, Thomas: Physician of Canterbury. B.A. (Cantab) 1678; lic. (dioc.) 1689; active c.1700-12. Bax, Stephen: Surgeon of Herne. Lic. (dioc.) 1701. Bayliss, John: Physician of Thanet. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1662. Bayman, William: Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1661. Beaumont, Thomas: Physician of Dover, later Canterbury, d. pre 1666. Active c.1637-65; signatory 1661-2. Becket, John: Surgeon of Sandhurst:. Lic. (dioc.) 1709. Beeching, John: Barber-surgeon of New Romney. Active c.1641. Beere, Thomas: Apothecary and Physician of Sandwich, b.1574. Active c.1595- 1609. Belcher, William: Physician of Maidstone, b.1659? M.B. (Cantab) 1680; M.D. (Cantab) 1708; active c1691-1720. Belk, Michael : Physician of Leaveland, d.1681? Lic. (arch.) 1637, ‘formerly of London’ (Haggis, p.17, as a chemist; Raach, p.28); active c.1646-49. Belk, Michael : Physician. Active c.1693. Belton, Christopher: Surgeon of [Dover region]. Active c.1637. Benbrigg, Samuel: Barber-surgeon [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1671. Bennet, John: Surgeon of Maidstone, d.1644. Lic. (dioc.) 1605 [also see Mr Bennet below]. IAN MORTIMER 146 Bennett, John: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (arch.) 1581 [also see Mr Bennet below]. Bennett, Nicholas: Surgeon of Maidstone, d.1640. Lic. (dioc.) 1600 [also see Mr Bennet below]. Bennett, Nicholas : Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1661. Bennet(t), Mr: Physician(s) or Surgeon(s) of Maidstone. Active c.1599-1626. Bennister, Richard: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1665-82. Bensted, John: Physician of Egerton. Lic. (arch.) 1630. Bensted, Richard: Barber-surgeon [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1637. Bensted, Richard: Surgeon of Selling. Lic. (dioc.) 1606. Benstedd, Stephen: [Uncertain] of Boughton under Blean. Active c.1622. Besbeech, John: Surgeon of Maidstone, d.1715. Bettting, John: Surgeon [of Cranbrook]. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1682; active c.1710. Beverton, Joseph: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1671. Bing, William: Surgeon of Wingham, d.1719. Active c.1692-96; signatory 1700 (Haggis, p.88 (as F Bing, sic)). Binger, John: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1634. Bishop, Nicholas: Surgeon of Marden. Lic. (dioc.) 1676; active c.1677-83, poss. 1711. Blackamore, James: [Uncertain] of [Tenterden region]. Active c.1682. Blackborne, [Unknown]: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1594. Blackborne, Henry: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1605. Blacklock, James: Surgeon of Elham. Lic. (dioc.) 1639. Bliss/Blist, Thomas: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1676; signatory 1691, 1695; active c.1679-83. Blunt, John: Apothecary of Maidstone. Active c.1709-14. Bolain, Noah: Surgeon & Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1715. Bolton, Christopher: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1601. Bond, Edward: Surgeon [of Bethersden area]. Active 1716. Boorman, Dr: Physician of Dartford (dioc. of Rochester). Active c.1681-84 [possibly to be identified with John Boreman of Kent B.A. (Cantab) 1657; M.A. 1660]. Boothe, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Faversham area]. Active c.1583. Bosworth, Thomas: Surgeon & Apothecary of Whitstable. Lic. (dioc.) 1713; Freeman of Canterbury 1714. Botten, Dr: [of Dover area]. Active c.1700. Boughton, John: Surgeon of Elham, d.1692. Active c.1670-98. Bourgh, George: Physician of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1605. Boycott, Peter: Surgeon of Lydd. Lic. (dioc.) 1601; active c.1608-13. Boyd, Edward: Surgeon of Selling. Application for lic. 1678. Boyd, Dr: Physician of Dover. Active c.1640. Boys, Sir William: Physician of Canterbury, b.1659, d.1744. B.A. (Oxon) 1677; M.A. 1681; M.B. & M.D. (Oxon) 1690; signatory 1697-1713; Freeman 1700 (by gift); knighted 1716; active c.1695-1724. Bradfield, John: Surgeon of [Canterbury region]. Active c.1598. Brasbridge, [Unknown]: Surgeon. Active c.1584. Brett, John: Surgeon of Wye. Lic. (dioc.) 1661. Brett, Nicholas: Physician of Sandwich. Active c.1678-82. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 147 Briant, Thomas: Physician of Canterbury. Active c.1632-49. Bridge, Mr: Apothecary of Canterbury. Active c.1586-1604. Bridge, Thomas: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1643 (app. of Robert Pemell, q.v.). Broadley, Thomas: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1704. Brockwell/Brockhull, Thomas: Physician of Sittingbourne, 1685. Lic. (dioc.) 1667; signatory 1671; active c.1668-85. Broome, Thomas: Apothecary and Alderman of Canterbury. Freeman 1601; active c.1606-39. Brown, Bartholomew: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1563. Brown, George: Physician of Smarden, 1702. Active c.1684-91. Brown, Gregory: Surgeon of Elmsted. Lic. (arch.) 1636. Brown, John: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1719. Brown, John: Apothecary of Canterbury. Active c.1642. Brown, Thomas: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1601. [Perhaps confused with Thomas Broome, see above]. Brown, Dr: Physician of Canterbury. Active c.1592. Browne, Mr: Apothecary of Maidstone. Active c.1618. Browning, William: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1709. Buck, Clement: Apothecary of [Dover area]. Active c.1680-1711? Bullock, John: Physician & Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1661 (separate licences for phys. & surg.); signatory 1662; active c.1668-81. Bunting, Michael: Surgeon of Wye. Lic. (dioc.) 1589. Burton, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Dover region]. Active c.1712. Caesar, Augustin (1602-1677): Physician of Strood (Dioc. of Rochester). B.A. (Oxon) 1622; M.D. (Oxon) 1660; active c.1640-63. Callant/Calcut, Robert: Apothecary of Maidstone, d.1671. Active c.1671-74. Capell, Alexander: Physician of Canterbury. M.A.; M.D. (Montpellier); lic. (arch.) 1617; lic. (dioc.) 1617; active c.1618-22. Carde/Cart, Thomas: Physician & Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1684; signatory 1693; active c.1683-93. Carder, John : Surgeon of Sandwich, d.1686. Lic. (dioc.) 1663; active c.1676 [See also Mr Carder below]. Carder, William: Physician or Surgeon of Sandwich. Active c.1687-96, perhaps 1715. Carder, Mr (probably either John or William): Physician/Surgeon of Sandwich. Active c.1662-88. Carder/Carter, William: Surgeon of Hythe. Lic. (dioc.) 1705; signatory 1710; active c.1714. Carr, [?]: Surgeon [of Hernhill area]. Active c.1586. Carter, James: Physician of St Peters in Thanet. Active c.1613-43. Carrott, Richard: Surgeon of Staplehurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Cary, John: Surgeon of Egerton. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Cary, Daniel: Bloodletter. Active c.1694. Casaubon, John: Surgeon of Chilham. Lic. (dioc.) 1669; signatory 1680 (Haggis, p.79). [See Richard Hunter and Ida MacAlpine, ‘The Diary of John Casaubon’ in Proceedings of the Hueguenot Society of London, 21 (1865-70), 37. He is there described as a Canterbury surgeon]. IAN MORTIMER 148 Castell/du Castell, James/Jacob: Physician of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1685; active c.1684-05. Chadwick, Nicholas: Barber-surgeon of Marden, d.1705. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1679. Chambers, George: Surgeon of Canterbury [later of Thanet?]. Lic. (dioc.) 1662 and (2ndly) 1663 (Haggis, p76); active c.1674-91. Chambers, Thomas: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1604. Charlton, Henry: [Uncertain] of [Lydd region]. Active c.1680. Chavane/Shavan, Peter: Physician of Maidstone, d.1686. Lic. (dioc.) 1661. Cheeseman, Thomas: Apothecary of [Canterbury]. Freedom 1564. Chester, John: Physician. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1683. Chewney, Nicholas: Physician or surgeon of St Johns, Thanet. Active c.1691-06. Christian, John: Physician & Surgeon of Smarden. Lic. (dioc.) 1722; active c.1725. Christian, John: Doctor. Lic. (dioc.) 1700; signatory 1722. Christian, Mr: Physician of Sandwich. Active c.1599. Clapham, Henoch: Vicar of Northbourne, Physician of Eastry. Lic. (arch.) 1618 [See ODNB for the career of this unorthodox theologian.]. Clare/Cleere, Claude: Surgeon of Hythe, d.1692. Lic. (dioc.) 1676; active c.1677-91. Clare, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Hythe region]. Active c.1720-23. Clare, Richard: Apothecary of Ashford, d. pre 1678. Claringbold, Robert: Apothecary of Maidstone, d.1693. Clark, John: Physician (originally from Nottingham). Application for lic. (dioc.) 1683; signatory 1692; freedom by marriage 1702. Clarke, Abraham: Surgeon of Maidstone, d.1645. Lic. (dioc.) 1620; active c.1624-43. Clarke, Dr: Physician. Active c.1702-04. Clarke, Thomas: Surgeon of [Ashford region]. Active c.1681-84. Clarke, William: Surgeon of Ash. Lic. (dioc.) 1634. Cleer, Tobias: Surgeon and Apothecary of Sandwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1634; active c.1638-74. Cliffe, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Woodchurch region]. Active c.1717. Cloant, Mr: Apothecary of [Maidstone region]. Active c.1668. Clough, John: Surgeon of Maidstone. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1661. Clough, Thomas: Surgeon of Queenborough. Lic. (dioc.) 1705. Coffin, Henry: [Uncertain] of Old Romney. Active c.1639. Cole, Francis: Surgeon of Hythe. Lic. (dioc.) 1614; active c.1628-34? Colfe, Charles: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1620. Colfe, Joseph: Apothecary and Alderman of Canterbury. Freeman 1589; active c.1592-31. Colfe, Thomas: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1685, as a barber. Colly, Thomas: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1601; active c.1615. Combes, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Appledore region]. Active c.1674-86. Conder, John: [Uncertain] of Elham. Active c.1649. Conny, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Maidstone region]. Active c.1677. Constable, Joseph: Physician of Sandwich. Possibly matric. Cantab 1646; lic. (dioc.) 1671; signatory 1671. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 149 Conway, James: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1601. Cook/Coke, Walter: Surgeon of Ulcombe. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; active c.1681 as ‘physician’. Cook/Took, George: Surgeon of Smeeth. Lic. (dioc.) 1661. Cooke, Mr: Surgeon of [Chatham region (Dioc. of Rochester)]. Active c.1691. Cooper, Robert: Physician of Faversham, d. pre 1648. Lic. (arch.) 1630 (as of Maidstone); active c.1637-43. Corneliius, Mr: [Uncertain] of Sandwich. Active c.1581-95. Cornwall, David: Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1714. Couchman, Peter: Barber-surgeon of Marden. Lic. (dioc.) 1705. Couldwell, James: Physician & surgeon of Biddenden. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1700. Coulter, Edward: [Uncertain] of Newington next Sittingbourne. Active c.1627. Coumber, John: Surgeon of Tenterden, d. pre 1675. Covert, William: Physician of Maidstone. Lic. (arch.) 1614 (Haggis has 1604; see Raach, p.38); active c.1623-36. Cox, William: Surgeon of Maidstone, d.1666. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1664-67. Cruttenden, Thomas: Apothecary of Cranbrook, d.1704. Cumberland, Thomas: Surgeon of Chilham. Lic. (dioc.) 1703. Curtis, John: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1598; active c.1598-1606. Curtis, Thomas: Physician of Tenterden. Lic (RCP) 1689. Cusson, John: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1642. Cutler, George: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1693; active c.1700-12. Dade, John: Physician of Sittingbourne. M.A., Lic. (dioc.) 1661; active c.1649- 75. Dan, Robert: Surgeon of Wye, d.1685. Date, Dr: Physician of [Ashford region]. Active c.1728. Davie, John: Physician of Maidstone, b.1581, d.1649 (Raach, p. 39). M.A. (Cantab) 1636; M.D. (Padua) 1642; son of Norwich druggist; lic. (RCP) 1645; active c.1639. Day, John: [Uncertain] of [Faversham region]. Active c.1681 [See also William Day]. Day, Joseph (b. 1614): Physician of Canterbury. M.A. (Cantab); M.D. (Padua?). Day, Thomas: Surgeon of Dover, d.1663. Lic. (dioc.) 1610; signatory 1661, 1662; active c.1633-41. Day, Thomas: Surgeon of Dover, d.1679. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; signatory 1662; active c.1664-80. Day, William: Physician & Surgeon of Faversham. Lic. (dioc.) 1674; active c.1679-98 [See also John Day]. Deeds, William (b. 1660): Physician of Canterbury, b.1660. B.A. (Oxon) 1682; M.A. 1685; M.D. (Oxon) 1691; Freeman (Gift) 1694; signatory 1697, 1700, 1703-4; active c.1708-19. De la Pierre: see Peters. De la Rivierre [unknown]: Walloon Physician of Canterbury, fl.1631. See Raach, p. 41 [see also Peters/de la Pierre below]. Delenoy, John: Surgeon of [Canterbury region]. Active c.1596. Demoline or Des Moulins, Scipio: Physician of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1702; active c.1704-15. IAN MORTIMER 150 Denn, Edmund: Surgeon. Lic. (dioc.) 1612. Denn, John: Apothecary of Ashford, d. pre 1684. Devison, Alexander: Surgeon of Staple, d.1674. Lic. (dioc.) 1612; active c.1618- 65. Devison, Goodman: Surgeon. Active c.1595. Devison, Richard: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1727. Devison, Richard: Surgeon of Staple, d.1679. Lic. (dioc.) 1676. Devison, William: Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (dioc.) 1622; active c.1623-41. Dickes, Mr: [Uncertain]of [Sittingbourne region]. Active c.1716. Dodd, John: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1653 (as a barber). Dodd/Dadd, Samuel: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1592. Domingo, Jacob: Physician of Canterbury, d. pre 1628. Lic. (RCP) pre-1605; lic. contested and granted 1606; active c.1616-30. Drayton, Horton: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1722. Drayton, James: Apothecary of Maidstone, d.1684. Active c.1678-81. Drury, Clement: Surgeon. Lic. (dioc.) 1614. Du Boys, John: Physician of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1624. Dubble, Rad[ulph]o: Surgeon of Charing. Lic. (dioc.) 1612. Duke, Samuel: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1713. Duke, Solomon: Surgeon of Lydd. Lic. (dioc.) 1716. Durant, Stephen: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1703; active c.1710-24. Durant, Thomas: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1695. Durant, Mr (either Stephen or Thomas): Apothecary of Canterbury. Active c.1702-12. Dyke, Thomas: [Uncertain] of Hawkhurst. Lic. (arch.) 1684.. Edmett, Samuel: Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (dioc.) 1728. Edward, William: Surgeon of Dover. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1662. Elbury: see Elvery. Elliot, John: Physician [of Canterbury?], d.1691. M.D. (Oxon) 1681 ‘per litteras Regius’; FRCP 1687; impeached 1688; signatory 1679-84; active c.1679- 87. Ellis, Richard: [Uncertain] of [Faversham region]. Active c.1704. Elson, Rad[ulph]o: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1614. Elvery or Elbury, William: Surgeon of Canterbury, d.1685. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1664-82. Elvey, Alexander: Physician of Canterbury. Active c.1615. Elvey, Thomas: Surgeon of Ashford. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1662-74. Ely, Mr: Surgeon of Maidstone. Active c.1667. Ertzbarger, Cosman: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1725. Evans, Samuel: [Uncertain] of [Deal region]. Active c.1699. Everard, Charles: Physician of [Sheppey region]. Active c.1709?. Everard, Stephen: Physician of Faversham. Lic. (arch.) 1687; active c.1689- 1722. Everard, William: Surgeon of Dover, d.1701. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; signatory 1662. Evernden, Mr: Apothecary of Cranbrook. Active c.1636. Faller, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Chatham region (Dioc. of Rochester)]. Active c.1691. Faneman, Dr: Physician of [Thanet region]. Active c.1692. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 151 Fansham, Thomas: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1590. Farlow, Mr: Physician of [Chatham region (Dioc. of Rochester)]. Active c.1674. Farman, Thomas: Surgeon of Brabourne. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1676. Fawler, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Chatham region (Dioc. of Rochester)]. Active c.1674. Fenner, Seth (d.1682): Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1675; lic (arch.) 1677 for medicine and surgery; app. of Israel Jacob as an apothecary; signatory 1682. Ferron, Laurence: Physician of Ashford. Lic. (dioc.) 1599; active c.1612-15. Finch, John: Surgeon of Hythe, d.1669. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; active c.1664. Finch, William: Apothecary of Maidstone. Active c.1671-07. Fineux, John: Physician of Hougham, b.1577. B.A (Cantab) 1597; M.A. 1600; lic. (dioc.) 1625. Fisher, John: Surgeon of Cranbrook and Wye. Lic. (dioc.) 1662 [application as of Cranbrook]. Fleets, Dr: Physician of [Sittingbourne region]. Active c.1718. Fletcher, Bernard: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1725. Flore, Amando: Physician of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1701. Fludd, Lewin: Physician of Otham, b.1612?, d.1661?. M.D. (Padua); signatory 1662 [if dead in 1661 as Raach claims, then this must be late in being presented; probably related to the famous Robert Fludd (see ODNB)]. Fogge, George: Physician of Canterbury. M.A. (Oxon); lic. (dioc.) 1603. Fogge, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Ash region]. Active c.1683. Forden, John: [Uncertain] of [Hythe region]. Active c.1704. Forstall, Richard: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1638. Foster, Dr: Physician. Active c.1600. Fotherbie, Frances: Vicar of Linsted. Active c.1646, administering physic to a child. Fowle, Alexander: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1637; active c.1640-68. Fowle, John: Surgeon of New Romney. Lic. (dioc.) 1683; active c.1685. Fowler, Gabriel: Physician & Surgeon of St Lawrence, Thanet. Lic. (arch.) 1699; active c.1724. Fowler, James: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freedom (as a barber-surgeon) 1643; lic. (dioc.) 1663. Fowler, Robert: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1710. Fowler, Thomas: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1681. Fowtrell, James: Surgeon of Charing, d.1717. Lic. (dioc.) 1692; active c.1697- 1712. Fox, William: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1624 (by marriage to dau. of Charles Annott); lic. (dioc.) 1630; active c.1630-39. Fox, John: Physician or Surgeon of [Chatham region (Dioc. of Rochester)]. Active c.1683-92. Fox, Thomas: Physician? of [Canterbury region]. Active c.1663-77. Franckson, Nathaniel: Bloodletter of [Faversham region]. Active c.1663. Freebody, William: Apothecary of Canterbury, d.1699. Freeman 1682; active c.1695. Freeman, John: Physician of Milton. Lic. (dioc.) 1600; lic (arch.) ‘to cure melancholy’ 1601. IAN MORTIMER 152 Freeman, Ralph: Surgeon of Ashford. Active c.1618-24. Fremoult, Ivel: Surgeon. Active c.1715. Frencham, James: Apothecary and Alderman of Canterbury. Freeman pre 1593 [master of Thomas Hawks, q.v.]. Furrell, Toby: Physician of Lenham. Active c.1695-1701. Gardiner, Richard: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1600; active c.1619. Garret, Dr: Physician of Canterbury. Active c.1579-1600? Gee, Mr: Physician of Rye. Active c.1675-85. Gerald, Stephen: [Uncertain] of [Faversham region]. Active c.1698. Gibbs, Robert: Surgeon of Ashford. Lic. (dioc.) 1705. Gibbs, Thomas: Apothecary of Canterbury? Freeman 1720. Gibbs, Mr: Surgeon of [Faversham region]. Active c.1690-1717. Giddins, Humphrey: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1629. Gilbert, John: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1689; active c.1700-02. Gilbert, John: Surgeon of Elham. Lic. (dioc.) 1662 (previously surgeon’s mate in Navy); active c.1664-97. Gilbert, Thomas: Apothecary. Freeman 1715. Gilbert, William: Surgeon of Goudhurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1642. Giles, John: Surgeon of Cranbrook. Lic. (dioc.) 1615. Gilham, Mr: Physician. Active c.1593. Gill, William: Physician of Sittingbourne. M.A.? Lic. (dioc.) 1626, as of Canterbury; active c.1628-44. Gilliam, Thomas: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1600. Gipps, Simon: Surgeon. Freeman 1680 (by marriage); active c.1681. Glassbrook, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Whitstable region]. Active c.1693. Goatly, Henry: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury? Freeman 1634. Goatly, Thomas: Surgeon. Lic. (dioc.) 1606. Golder, John: Physician & Mayor of Dover, b.1606. M.A. (Oxon) 1627; M.D. 1671?; lic. (dioc.) 1634; signatory 1661-2, 75, 77); active c.1640-84. Goldsmith, George: Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Lic. (arch.) 1679; active c.1688. Goldwell, James: Surgeon of Biddenden, d.1707. Lic. (dioc.) 1700. Goodwin, John: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1709; active c.1712. Goodwin, John: Surgeon of Headcorn. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Gossen, Gerard: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1582. Grantham, John: Surgeon of Headcorn, d.1692. Active c.1684. Gray, Henry or George: Surgeon of Eastry. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1720 under name Henry; granted same year under name George (according to Haggis’s notes for Canterbury diocese, p.83); active c.1726. Green, Thomas: Surgeon of Milton. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1662. Green, Mr: Doctor of East or West Farleigh (Dioc. of Rochester). Active c.1665- 84? Greenland, John: Barber-surgeon of Lympne. Freeman 1692. Greenland, John: Surgeon of Lympne. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; active c.1673. Greenleaf, John: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1602 (app. of Joseph Colfe, q.v.); active c.1610-40. Greenstreet, Michael: Physician of Faversham. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; active c.1662- 82. Greenstreet, Simon: Apothecary of Faversham, d. pre 1685. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 153 Greentstreet, Mr (probably Michael but possibly Simon): Apothecary of Faversham. Active c.1663-91. Greenwood, Nicholas: Physician of Sandwich. Lic. (arch.) 1684; active c.1683-84. Grenody, William: Physician of ‘Dorelemia’ [?]. Lic. (arch.) 1637 (Haggis; Raach, p. 51) [possibly confused with William Granot of Canterbury]. Granot, William: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1633 [see previous entry]. Groombridge, John: Physician of Cranbrook. B.A. (Cantab) 1681; M.A. 1685; lic. (RCP) 1697; active c.1695-17. Grosham, Mr: Physician or Surgeon of [Maidstone region]. Active c.1633. Grove, John: Surgeon of Hythe. Lic. (dioc.) 1592; active c.1610. Gwyn, James: Surgeon of Elham. Lic. (dioc.) 1703. Hadds, John: Barber-surgeon of Headcorn. Lic. (dioc.) 1707; signatory (as Dr Hadds) 1722. Hales, Edward: Barber-surgeon [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1678. Hall, Arnold: Surgeon of Hythe. Lic. (dioc.) 1625; active c.1626-42. Hall, Dr: Physician of Lyminge. Active c.1668 (PRC19/4/26). Hall, George: Apothecary [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1692. Hall, Mark: [Uncertain] of Lenham. Active c.1608-13. Hall, Samuel: Surgeon of Canterbury, d.1688. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; signatory 1682- 85. Hall, Samuel: Physician of Canterbury, d.1693. M.B. (Cantab) 1686; signatory 1692; active c.1675-93. Hall, Samuel: Apothecary [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1727. Hall, Thomas: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1716. Hambleton, Dr: Physician of [Eythorne region]. Active c.1710. Hammond, George: Surgeon of Whitstable. Lic. (dioc.) 1704; active c.1705-18. Hammond, James: Barber-surgeon [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1665. Hammond, Richard: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1704; active c.1715? [see ‘Medical Assistance’, ii, p.226, under George Hammond]. Hammond, Simon: Surgeon of Bearsted, d.1703. Lic. (dioc.) 1675 (as of Chart Sutton); active c.1681-84. Handbrey: see Hembury. Handfield, Stephen: Surgeon of Milton, d.1690. Hanford, John: Surgeon of Lenham. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Hannam, Elnathan: Surgeon of Deal, d.1678. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1673- 81. Harford, Wooly: Barber-surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1704. Earlier licence (1702) to practise on ships of war. Harris, Samuel: Surgeon of Deal. Active c.1682-1711. Hart, John: Surgeon of Charing, d.1696. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Hart, Robert: Surgeon of Wye. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Hartnupp, Matthew: Surgeon of Smarden. Lic. (dioc.) 1673; active c.1669-80. Harvey, Robert: Physician of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1605. Harwood, William: Surgeon of Shadoxhurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1638. Hatch, Galin: Apothecary [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1723. Hatley, Griffith: Physician of Maidstone. M.A. (Oxon) 1663; M.D. (Oxon) 1669; lic. (arch.) 1663; signatory 1676, 1691 [both as Harley, M.D. in Haggis’s notes]; active c.1674-94. IAN MORTIMER 154 Hawker, William: Apothecary [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1693 (by marriage). Hawks, Thomas: Apothecary [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1600. Hawks, Robert: [Uncertain] of Canterbury. Active c.1596. Heathfield, John: Surgeon of Milton, d.1704. Lic. (dioc.) 1697; active c.1707. Helmond, Henry: Physician of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1632. Hembury/Pembury/Handbrey, Francis: Surgeon of Hawkhurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1686. Henley, Richard: Apothecary [of Canterbury?]. Freeman 1612. Henman, Mr: Physician of Deal. Active c.1673-74. Henshaw, Edmund: Vicar and physician of Sutton Valence, d.1643. M.A. (Cantab) 1609; lic. (dioc.) 1627; active c.1639. Heron, Francis: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1686. Heydon, Richard: Surgeon of Sittingbourne, d. pre 1681 as ‘of Minster in Sheppey’. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1678. Higben: see Hogben. Hill, Edward: [Uncertain] of [Hythe region]. Active c.1684. Hills, Avery: Apothecary & Mayor of Canterbury. Freeman 1634; active c.1636- 81. Hills, John: Apothecary of Canterbury, b.1642. Freeman 1665 (son of Avery Hills, q.v.); active c.1680-82. Hilton, Bartholomew: Surgeon. Lic. (dioc.) 1608. Hinde, Thomas: [Uncertain] of [Wittersham region]. Active c.1669. Hindley, George: Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (dioc.) 1617. Hindley, John: Physician of Canterbury. M.D. (Haggis); lic. (dioc.) 1625. Hinton, John: Physician of Linton, d.1698. M.B. (Cantab) 1668. Later M.D.; application for lic. (dioc.) 1679; active c.1681-93. Hobday, Edward: [Uncertain] of Alkham. Lic. (arch.) 1694. Hodges, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Mersham region]. Active c.1692-94. Hodges/Hoges, Thomas: Surgeon of Ulcombe. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Hodges, Thomas: Physician of Goudhurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1601. Hogben/Higben, John: Surgeon of Ash, d.1725. [probably to be identified with the following practitioner]. Hogben, Joshua: Physician of Sandwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1686; [probably to be identified with the practitioner above]. Hogben, Mr or Dr: Surgeon or Physician of Sandwich. Active c.1682-1703, perhaps as late as 1720s [probably to be identified with John and/or Joshua above]. Hogben, William: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Hogben/Hugben, Peter: Barber-surgeon of Deal, d.1675. Hogge, William: Surgeon. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1680. Holloway, Mr: Physician of Rochester [Dioc. of Rochester]. Active c.1664. Holton/Helton, Mr: Surgeon of Faversham. Active c.1646. Honyfield, Gabriel: Physician & Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1668; active c.1678. Hood, Robert: Surgeon of New Romney. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1661. Hooper, George: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1634. Hope, Richard: Surgeon of Cranbrook. Lic. (dioc.) 1685. Howlett, John: Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1677; signatory 1705; active c.1684-1706. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 155 Hubert, John: Physician. M.A.; lic. (dioc.) 1619. Hughes, Alexander: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1667. Hugben: see Hogben. Hughes, Andrew: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1621. Hughes, George: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1705. Hughes, Nicholas: Surgeon of Ashford. Lic. (dioc.) 1606; active c.1605-13. Hunt, Samuel: Surgeon/apothecary of Milton, d.1713. Lic. (dioc.) c.1704. Hunt, Mr: Surgeon of [Sheppey region]. Active c.1664. Huntmill, Richard: Surgeon of Stelling. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Hutchin: [Uncertain] of Faversham. Active c.1631. Hutchins, Joshua: Physician & Surgeon of Newenden. Lic. (dioc.) 1701. Ireland, John: [Uncertain] of [Deal region]. Active c.1673. Ive, Aycliffe: Surgeon of Ramsgate, d.1714. Ivett, Zach[aria]: Surgeon of Milton next Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1662 [see also Juett]. Jackson, Mr: Physician of [Sheppey region]. Active c.1625. Jacob, Amos: Physician of Ashford, d.1688. Lic. (dioc.) 1661 and 1664 [two licences?]; signatory 1661; active c.1662-89. Jacob, Dr: Physician of Canterbury. Active c.1598-99. Jacob, Edward: Surgeon of Deal. Lic. (dioc.) 1705 (app. to Samuel Harris of Deal, q.v.); signatory 1706. Jacob, Isaac: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman late 17th cent.; active c.1710-12. Jacob alias Vanderslaert, Israel: Physician of Sandwich and Ashford, d.1641. Lic. (dioc.) (as of Sandwich) 1623; active c.1627-41 [see also V[and]erslaite, Israel]. Jacob alias Vanderslaert, John: Physician of Ashford and Canterbury, d.1632. Lic. (dioc.) (as of Ashford) 1625; active c.1624-32 [see also Raach, pp.59 & 88, who adds ‘of Romney’. In 1622 one Mr Jacob active but described as of Hythe]. Jacob, Israel: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1649; active c.1665-87. Jacob, Mr: Apothecary & Mayor of Canterbury. Active c.1641-42. Jacob, John: Physician of Sandwich. Active c.1595-31. Jacob, Richard: Physician of [Hythe region]. Active c.1681-85. Jacob, William: Physician of Canterbury. Signatory 1661-2 (where described as M.D), again 1676-90; active c.1649-87. Jacob, William: Physician of Doddington, d.1688. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1683. Jacob Du Castel, Dr: see James Castell. Jacob, Dr: Physician of [Lydd region]. Active c.1668-75. Jacob, Dr: Physician of [Faversham region]. Active c.1677-91. [Jacob, Dr or Mr: refs to various of this name, active c.1676-1710]. James, Dr: Physician of [Sheppey region]. Active c.1618. Jarman, Thomas: Surgeon of Brabourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1676; active c.1679. Jarvis, Edward: Physician & Surgeon of St Johns, Thanet. Lic. (dioc.) 1701 (application as of Guestling, Sussex); active c.1709-20. Jarvis, Thomas: [Uncertain] of [Ashford region]. Active c.1678-97?. Jenkinson, Edward: Surgeon of Rye. Lic. (dioc.) 1599; active c.1614. Jenner, Robert: Surgeon of [Faversham region]. Active c.1681. IAN MORTIMER 156 Johnson, Anthony: Surgeon of Chilham. Lic. (dioc.) 1702; active c.1712-20. Johnson, Samuel: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1695. Jones, David: Physician of Faversham. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; signatory (as M.B.) 1674; active c.1650-80. Jones, Thomas: Physician & Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1693; active c.1681. Jones, Dr/Mr (either David or Thomas): Physician. Active c.1678-84. Jones, Walter: Physician of Benenden. M.A.; lic. (dioc.) 1611, as ‘of Canterbury’; active c.1594-1630. Jones, Henry: Physician of [St.Nicholas-at-Wade region]. Active c.1723. Jones, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Folkestone region]. Active c.1709. Jordan, Thomas: Surgeon of Sandwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1632. Jordan, William: Surgeon of [Birchington?]. Active c.1622-27. Jordan, Mr: Surgeon of [Folkestone region]. Active c.1692-1712. Joyce, Edmund: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1632. Juell, Adam: Physician & Surgeon of Ash. Lic. (dioc.) 1671; [possibly treated a Wye patient (as Mr Juett) c.1673]. Juett: see Juell and Ivett. Kebblewhite, Edward: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1719. Kelley, David jun: Physician & Surgeon of Herne. Lic. (dioc.) 1710. Kelley, David: Surgeon of St Laurence Thanet, d.1690. Lic. (dioc.) 1683; active c.1685-86. Kencham, Thomas: Apothecary of Cranbrook. Active c.1664. Kennett, Nathaniel: Surgeon of Wye. Lic. (dioc.) 1667. Kennistone, Lancelot: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1630. Kent, Thomas: Physician & Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1608; active c.1616. Kenton, Richard: Surgeon of Dover, d.1675. Active c.1675. Kevell, John: Surgeon of Rye [Dioc. of Chichester]. Active c.1617-31. Kidder, Thomas: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1675. Kilburn, Mr: Apothecary of [Ashford region]. Active c.1678-88. King, John: Physician of Canterbury. M.A.?; lic. (dioc.) 1637; active c.1638. King, Robert: Surgeon of Biddenden. Lic. (dioc.) 1617; active c.1629. King, William: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1582. Knowler, Charles: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1701; active c.1710-12. Knowler, George: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1722 (son of Thomas Knowler, q.v.). Knowler, Gregory: Surgeon of [Canterbury]. Freeman 1720 (son of Thomas Knowler, q.v.). Knowler, John: Surgeon of New Romney. Freeman 1727 (son of Thomas Knowler, q.v.). Knowler, Stephen: Surgeon of [Canterbury region]. Signatory 1682; active c.1679-1716. Knowler, Thomas: Physician of [Canterbury region], b.1649. B.A. (Cantab) 1669; active c.1681. Knowler, Thomas: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1701; signatory 1704-5; active c.1711-19. [Knowler, Dr or Mr, of Canterbury: refs to various of this name, active c.1676- 1710]. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 157 La Maistre, Peter: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1697 but specifically not allowed to practise physic; active c.1695-1712. Ladd, William: Surgeon of Upper Hardres. Lic. (dioc.) 1696. Lake, Dr: Physician. Active c.1711. Lamy, James: Physician of Canterbury, b.1589. Lic. (dioc.) 1625. Langfield, Goodman: [Uncertain] of Canterbury. Active c.1598, when ‘paid for surgery’ [could be a reimbursement: note description]. Lapworth, Edward: Physician of Faversham, b.1574, d.1636 (originally of Warwicks.). M.A. (Oxon) 1595; lic. med. 1605 (Oxon); M.B. & M.D. (Oxon) 1611. Lawes, Dr: Physician of Canterbury? Active c.1586-1607. Le Beg, Honoratus: Physician & Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1668 [according to Alumni Cantab., one of this name was the son of another Honoratus Lebeg, M.D. (d. 1705) of Lancaster]. Le Peletier, John: Surgeon of Canterbury, d.1690. Le Roy, Nicholas: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1670. Leese, Lewes: Physician & Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1671 [see also the following]. Leese, Ludovic: Physician of St Johns, Thanet. Adm Cantab 1650, aged 18; lic. (dioc.) 1661; active c.1663-80 [see previous entry]. Leonard, Thomas: Physician of Canterbury (originally ‘of Lincolnshire’). B.A. (Cantab) 1619; M.A. 1623; lic. (Cantab) 1628; M.D. (Cantab); Freeman 1639 (gift); active c.1631-36 (MAttD, ii, p.253). Lewes, Mr: [Uncertain] of Ashford. Active c.1586-97? Libb, Mr: Physician of Maidstone. Active c.1681. Lloyd, Thomas: Surgeon of Ashford. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1661. Loddington, Francis: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1628 (app. 1622 & by marriage to dau. of Charles Annott); active c.1627. Lodge, Morgan: Surgeon of Deal. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1675-80s. Londey, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Sheppey region]. Active c.1672. Longley, John: Surgeon of Elmsted, later of Elham. Lic. (dioc.) 1592; active c.1604-40. Longley, William: [Uncertain] of [Lydd region]. Active c.1639. Love, James: Physician & Surgeon of New Romney. Lic. (arch.) 1674 as of Faversham; lic. (dioc.) 1676 as of New Romney, sometime Royal Naval surgeon. Lukin, Paul: Physician & Surgeon of Canterbury. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1695. Lukin(e), John: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1663. Lukyn, Robert: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1700; signatory 1701-30. Lukyn, Robert: Surgeon of Faversham. Lic. (dioc.) 1730. Lunn, John: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1623. Lunn, Thomas: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1661; lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1663. Lupton, Dr: Physician of [Faversham region]. Active c.1686-94. Lyal: see Wall. Macfarlane, Peter: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1715; lic. (dioc.) 1717. Machan, Daniel: Surgeon of Sandwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1630. IAN MORTIMER 158 Maplesden, Thomas: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1676. Marlote, Robert: Physician of Lenham. Active c.1628. Marshe, Dr: Physician of Maidstone. Active c.1601-5. Martin, Elias: Surgeon of Cranbrook. Lic. (dioc.) 1619; active c.1626. Martin, Robert: Surgeon of Ashford. Lic. (dioc.) 1705; active c.1696-1702. Mason, Robert: Surgeon of Lenham. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; B.A. (Cantab) 1663; active c.1712?. Master/Measter, Adam: Physician of Faversham. Lic. (dioc.) 1625; active c.1640. Master/Mustard, Adam: Surgeon of Appledore. Lic. (dioc.) 1665. Mate/Mace, George: [Uncertain] of [Woodchurch region]. Active c.1721. Matson, John: Apothecary of Canterbury. Active c.1632. Matthew, Richard: Surgeon of Warehorne. Lic. (dioc.) 1688; active c.1699. May, George: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1560. May, Mr: Apothecary of Milton. Active c.1627. Meads, James: Surgeon of Canterbury, d.1715. Lic. (dioc.) 1663; Freeman (as a Barber-Surgeon, by marriage) 1665; active c.1664. Meere/Moore, Thomas: Surgeon of Marden. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1664- 83. Mellowe, William: Surgeon of Old Romney. Lic. (dioc.) 1603. Mercer, Edmund: [Uncertain] of [Cranbrook region]. Active c.1598, when ‘paid for physic administred’ [could be a reimbursement]. Merrian, Michael: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1639. Meseneer, Dr: Physician of [Faversham region]. Active c.1628. Miche, Nicholas: Surgeon [described as a ‘stranger’ in a Canterbury account]. Active c.1597. Middleton, Abraham: Surgeon of Cranbrook, later Canterbury? Lic. (dioc.) 1600; active c.1615. Middleton, Matthew: Physician of Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1623. Miller, Stephen: Surgeon of Westwell. Lic. (dioc.) 1719. Miller, William: Surgeon of [Mersham region]. Active c.1688-98. Milles, Robert: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman, late 17th cent. Milles/Miles, Thomas: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1633. Minge, John: Surgeon of Challock. Lic. (dioc.) 1661. Mitchell, Mr: [Uncertain] of Deal. Active c.1706. Monde, William: Surgeon of Newington next Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1707. More, William: Physician of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1605. Morgan, Thomas: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1628 (as a ‘barber’, by marriage). Morrell, Peter: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1704; active c.1696-1712. Morris/Morrice, Timothy: Physician & Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1698; active c.1710. Morris, Nicholas: [Uncertain] of Hythe. Active c.1614. Mosher, Dr: Physician of [uncertain]. [Possibly a practitioner of this name active c.1641 but maybe this refers to James Moyse]. Motransky, Nicholas: Physician. Lic. (dioc.) 1664. Moyse, James: Physician of Milton. Lic. (arch.) 1625 (Raach, p.68); active c.1617-39 [see also Mosher]. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 159 Moyse, John: Physician, Surgeon & Apothecary of Milton next Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1661. Munday, Francis: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury? Freeman [date of grant not found]. Munday, Robert: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1654, as barber surgeon; lic. (dioc.) 1662. Munday, John: Apothecary of Maidstone. Active c.1632-39. Munn, James: Surgeon of Bethersden. Lic. (dioc.) 1633; active c.1638-85. Munn, John: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1687. Murray, John: Physician & Surgeon of Sheppey. Lic. (arch.) 1695. Nanta (?), Dr: Physician of Deal. Active c.1682. Neville, John: Barber-surgeon of Faversham. Active c.1618-26. Newman, Roger: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1662; active c.1681-84. Newton, William: Surgeon of Maidstone. Active c.1674-79. Nicholls, Henry: Vicar and Physician of Boughton Aluph. B.A. (Cantab) 1672; M.A. 1676; lic (RCP) 1684; lic. (dioc.) 1684. Nicholls, Charles: Physician of Faversham, b.1628. B.A. (Cantab) 1647; M.D. (Caen) 1679; lic. (RCP) 1687; active c.1679-85. Nicholls, Josias: Surgeon of Deal, d.1693. Active c.1681-88. Nicholls, Joseph: Surgeon of Canterbury [from 1671 of Adisham?]. Signatory 1662, 1671; active c.1664-1700. Norris, Richard: Surgeon. Lic. (dioc.) 1610. Nowell, John: Physician of Ashford, d. pre 1673. Active c.1662-72. Nutley, John: Surgeon of [Wye region]. Active c.1623. Ockenden, William: Physician of Tenterden. Active c.1664-76. Oliver, Edmund: Surgeon of Benenden. Lic. (dioc.) 1665. Oliver, Osmund: Surgeon. Lic. (dioc.) 1605. Osborne, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Hythe region]. Active c.1701-07. Oughton, Anthony: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1687; active c.1692- 1710. Owen, James: Surgeon of Elham. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1703. Page, Edmund: Surgeon of Faversham. Lic. (dioc.) 1663; active c.1682. Parker, Mr: Physician. Active c.1642. Partridge, James: Apothecary of Dover, d.1670. Partridge, Randolph: Apothecary and Physician of Dover, b.1579; d.1658. B.A. (Cantab) 1600; M.A. 1603; curate of Sutton by Dover 1619-25; lic. (dioc.) 1626; active c.1617-44? [According to Venn, he went to New England (Duxbury & Sandwich, Mass) in 1637, hounded out by religious opponents.]. Patino, Mr: Music Master of Canterbury. Active c.1697, when he cured a boy’s leg as well as teaching him to sing. Paul, Robert: Physician of Warden. Lic. (dioc.) 1669; active c.1673. Pedell, Mr: Physician of [Rolvenden area?]. Active c.1683. Peeke, George: Surgeon of Canterbury. Active c.1592. Peirs: see Pierse. Pell, Edward: Surgeon of Smarden. Lic. (dioc.) 1599; active c.1585-1615. Pell, Robert: Surgeon of New Romney. Active c.1608-29. Pellet, Edward: Surgeon of Dover and Deal, d.1679. IAN MORTIMER 160 Pemble, Henry: Surgeon of Eythorne, d.1729-31. Active c.1725. Pembury: see Hembury. Pemmell, Robert: Physician & Surgeon of Cranbrook, d.1653. Lic. (arch.) 1632; Freeman of Canterbury 1634 (gift); active c.1639. [see ODNB] Pert, Robert: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1634. Perwint, Dr: Physician. Active c.1701. Peter, [Unknown]: Surgeon of Maidstone. Active c.1608. Peters, Charles: [Uncertain] of [Thanet region], d.1712. Possibly adm. Oxon 1695; active c.1702-06. Peters/de la Pierre, John: Physician of Canterbury, d.1688. M.D. (unclear where; sons John & Peter both studied at Leyden); signatory 1661-80; active c.1649- 80. Peters/de la Pierre, Peter: Surgeon of Canterbury, d.1668. Lic. (dioc.) 1635; signatory 1661? but there described as Physician; active c.1640-65. Peters/de la Pierre, Peter: Surgeon of Dover, b.1643 (son of Peter Peters (d.1668), q.v.), d.1684. Matric. (Cantab) 1663; lic. (dioc.) 1676; active c.1679-83. Peters, Peter: Surgeon or Physician of Canterbury. Signatory 1661?, 1697, 1716 where described as a Physician; active c.1675-93. Peters/de la Pierre, Peter: Physician of Canterbury, b.1657 (younger son of John Peters M.D., q.v.), d.1697? Matric (Oxon) 1674; diploma (Leiden) 1679; lic. (dioc.) 1684; signatory 1689; active c.1697-98. Peters, Peter: Surgeon of Canterbury, probably b.1683 (son of Michael Peters & nephew of Peter Peters, surgeon of Canterbury). Signatory 1704, 1716-17; Freeman c.1714; active c.1710? [this might alternatively relate to his uncle]. [Peters, Dr or Mr: refs to various of this name, active c.1674-87]. Pettit, William: Surgeon of Elham. Lic. (dioc.) 1705; active c.1717-18. Phillps, John: Surgeon of Kennington. Lic. (dioc.) 1713. Philpott, John: Physician & Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1630; active c.1631. Philpott, William: Surgeon of Bridge. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Pickering, George: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1677 (app. of Richard Pickering, barber). Pickering, Richard: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1670 (app. & son of Richard Pickering, barber). Pickering, Richard: Barber of Canterbury. Freeman pre-1670 as a barber but sons app. as barber-surgeons. Pierse or Peirs, Isaac: Surgeon of Eythorne, d.1706. Lic. (dioc.) 1671 (as of Sandwich); active c.1674-92. Piercy, Henry: Surgeon of Dymchurch. Lic. (dioc.) 1705. Pilcher, John: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1661. Pim, Thomas: Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Signatory 1671 (Haggis, p.77); active c.1669-83. Pingel, John: Surgeon of Sandwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1619. Pistall, Richard: Surgeon & Physician of Sandwich, d. pre 1681. Active c.1674- 80. Pitts, William: Surgeon of Elham, d.1703. Place, Dr: Physician of [Hythe region]. Active c.1712. Plaine, Richard: Barber-surgeon of [Canterbury?]. Freeman 1694. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 161 Playdall, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Lenham region]. Active c.1712. Plomer, Francis: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1658. Plomer, John: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1677; active c.1682. Plomer/Plummer, Walter: Surgeon of Doddington. Lic. (dioc.) 1688; active c.1692. Pope, Dr: Physician of [Thanet region]. Active c.1599. Porter, John: Surgeon of Dover, d.1668. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Preston, Samuel: Physician of Faversham, d.c.1639. Possibly B.A. (Oxon) 1610; active c.1627-40. Prince, Richard: Barber-surgeon of Deal, d.1712. Pullyn, Thomas: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1580 (by gift); active c.1585. Pye, William: Surgeon of Faversham. Lic. (dioc.) 1639; active c.1639-41. Pyman, John: Surgeon of St Johns Thanet, d.1665 (as of Herne) 1665. Lic. (dioc.) 1664. Railton, Richard: Surgeon of [Canterbury]. Freeman 1615 (app. of John Russell, q.v.). Raine, Abraham: Surgeon of Sandwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1602. Raines/Reynes, Abraham: Surgeon. Lic. (dioc.) 1612. Ramsey, Dr: Physician of [Chatham region (Dioc. of Rochester)]. Active c.1641. Randall, Philip: Surgeon. Lic. (dioc.) 1612. Randal/Randolph, Edmund: Physician of Canterbury, b.1602 (at Biddenden), d.1649. B.A. (Oxon) 1620; lic. (Oxon) 1626; M.D. (Padua) 1628; active c.1632-41. Randolph, William: Physician of Barham, b.1636 (son of Edmund Randolph, q.v.). B.A. (Cantab) 1656; M.A. 1660; lic. (dioc.) 1662; M.D. (Cantab) 1668. Raworth, Henry: Apothecary of [Canterbury?]. Freeman 1627 (app. Joseph Colfe, apothecary, q.v.); active c.1630. Read, William: Barber-surgeon of [Canterbury?]. Freeman 1685 (as a barber); active (as ‘Dr’) c.1698. Reade, John: [Uncertain] of [Cranbrook region]. Active c.1583. Reade, John: Physician & Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (arch.) 1617; active c.1611- 35. Reader, Richard: Physician of Lympne. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Reall, Daniel: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1689. Reitinger, Christopher: Physician of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1594; Freeman 1608 (gift). Relfe, Arthur: Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (dioc.) 1636. Relfe, John: Physician of Cranbrook. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; signatory 1662; active c.1662-83. Relfe, Richard: Physician of Tenterden, b.1586. B.A. (Cantab) 1604; M.A. 1607; lic. (Cantab) 1609; active c.1618-48. Remnant, Thomas: Surgeon of [Frinsted region]. Active c.1635. Richards, William: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Richman, Ambrose: Physician of Wye; clergyman, b.1591, d.1642. B.A. & M.A. (Cantab) 1614; M.B. (Cantab) 1614; M.D. (Cantab) 1619. Richman, Ralph: Physician of Wye. Lic. (arch.) to practise in Dioceses of Canterbury & Winchester 1624. IAN MORTIMER 162 Roberts, Robert: Surgeon of Ashford. Lic. (dioc.) 1615. Robertson, Thomas: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1723. Robinson, John: Surgeon of Herne. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1682. Robinson, William: Physician of Cranbrook, d.1721. Rogers, William: Surgeon of Cranbrook. Lic. (dioc.) 1628. Rogers, Gabriel: Surgeon of [Ashford region]. Active c.1678. Romsey, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Woodchurch region]. Active c.1716. Rose, Edward: Surgeon of Selling. Lic. (dioc.) 1678; active c.1684-89. Rose, Leonard: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1674. Rose, Simon: Physician of Chislet. Lic. (arch.) 1627; active c.1631-41. Rose/Roos, John: Apothecary of [Canterbury?]. Freeman. Rouse, Lewes/Ludovic: Physician of Ashford, d.1641. M.D. (Leiden) 1625; lic. (dioc.) 1619; active c.1624-36. Russell, John: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1594; Freeman (took app. c.1608); active c.1604. Russell, William: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1582. Sabine, John: Physician of Bekesbourne. B.A. (Cantab) 1628; M.A. 1631; lic. (Cantab) 1637; M.D. stated in grant of arms 1663. Saint Leger, Edward: Surgeon of Deal. Lic. (dioc.) 1687. Salmon, George: [Uncertain] of [Dover region]. Active c.1663. Sampson, Adam: Physician of [St Nicholas-at-Wade region]. Active c.1675-92. Sampson, John: Surgeon of St Lawrence, Thanet. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1701. Sampson, Stephen: Surgeon of St Nicholas-at -Wade. Lic. (dioc.) 1706; Freeman (as of Herne) 1727. Sampson, William: Surgeon of [St Nicholas-at-Wade region]. Active c.1691. [Sampson, Dr or Mr: refs to various of this name, active c.1682-1716]. Sandford, William: Physician & apothecary of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; signatory 1695; Freeman 1664; active c.1665-82. Savage, John: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1708. Sawkins, Mr: [Uncertain] of Lympne. Active c.1616. Sawkins/Samkins, James: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1691. Sawyer [?]: Surgeon of Deal. Lic. (dioc.) 1704. Scott?, John: Surgeon of Appledore. Active c.1623. Sewell, Mr: Rector of Shadoxhurst. Active c.1614. Sharpe, John: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1608 (app. Joseph Colfe, apothecary, q.v.). Sharpe, John: Physician & Surgeon of Benenden. Lic. (arch.) 1698. Sharpe, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Ashford region]. Active c.1649. Shefton [?], Mr: Physician of Faversham. Active c.1637. Sherman, Nathaniel: Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Signatory 1698. Sherman, Thomas: Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1698. Shipton, John: Apothecary of Canterbury, d. pre 1666. Freeman 1664 (app. Avery Hills, q.v.). Sidall/Sudell, Christopher: Surgeon of Folkestone. Lic. (dioc.) 1661. Silk, William: Surgeon of Cranbrook. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; signatory 1693; active c.1676-96. Silvester, William: Surgeon of Sheerness, d.1711 (when described as H.M. garrison surgeon). Active c.1702-13. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 163 Simcox, George: Surgeon of Chart Sutton, d.1691. Simmonds, George: Surgeon. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1704. Simmonds, George: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Simms, John: Surgeon of Sutton. Lic. (dioc.) 1716. Simon, Cosme-Damien [?]: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1696. Skeate, William: Surgeon of Charing. Lic. (dioc.) 1687. Skeer, John: Physician of Doddington. Lic. (arch.) 1698. Slough, John: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1661. Smarfett, Joshua: Physician of Tenterden. Lic. (dioc.) 1606. Smart, Arthur: Physician of Tenterden. Active c.1611-23. Smith, John: Surgeon of Hythe, d.1701 (when of Dover). Application for lic. (dioc.) 1661; Freeman (as a barber-surgeon) 1667; active c.1669. Smith, John: Surgeon of St Johns, Thanet. Lic. (dioc.) 1638; active c.1667-68. Smith, Joseph: Barber-surgeon of [Canterbury?]. Freeman 1677 (app. James Fowler, q.v.). Smith, Mr: Physician of Sandwich. Active c.1639-42. Smith, Mr: [Uncertain] of Chatham. Active c.1685-1719? Smith, Philip: Surgeon of Maidstone, d.1644. Active c.1637-40. Smith, Richard: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1605; active c.1615-31. Smith, Richard: Surgeon. Lic. (dioc.) 1723. Smith, Thomas: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1667 (app. Israel Jacob); active c.1686. Smith, Thomas: Surgeon of St Johns, Thanet. Lic. (dioc.) 1620; active c.1636- 39. Smith, William: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1702. Smith, William: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1600; active c.1600-3. [Smith, Mr: refs to various of this name, active c.1618 (Sheppey), c.1628-36 (Maidstone) and other places c.1674-84]. Somes/Soames, Henry: Surgeon of Eythorne. Lic. (dioc.) 1695; active c.1702. Southwell, Walter: Surgeon & Apothecary and Alderman of Canterbury. Freeman 1601 (app. Christopher Pordage, grocer); lic. (dioc.) 1602; active c.1614-38. Sparrow, John: Surgeon of Elham. Lic. (dioc.) 1720. Spencer, Ethelbert: Physician of Canterbury, b.1565 (originally from Chart Sutton), d.1628. B.A. (Cantab) 1586; M.A. 1589; M.D. (Cantab) 1598; lic. (dioc.) 1595; active c.1610-21. Spratt, William: Surgeon of Wingham, d.1691. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1666- 92. Spratt, William: Physician & surgeon of Ash, d.1710 (when of Sandwich). B.A. (Cantab) 1687; lic. (arch.) 1695; active c.1696-1710? [see also Spratt, Samuel]. Spratt, Samuel: [Uncertain] of [Sandwich region]. Active c.1696-1729? [see also Spratt, William, d.1710]. Spurway, Peter: Surgeon of Milton. Lic. (dioc.) 1595. Stace, William: Surgeon of Hythe. Lic. (dioc.) 1623; active c.1625-29. Stadden, John: [Uncertain] of [Deal region]. Active c.1693. Stapley, Robert: Physician of Maidstone (originally of Wilmington, Sussex). M.A. (Oxon) 1641; M.D. (Padua) 1648; signatory 1662; active c.1664-75. Starr, Comfort: Surgeon of Ashford. Lic. (dioc.) 1613; active c.1612-32. IAN MORTIMER 164 Steed, Robert: Surgeon of New Romney. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1662-81 [See also Mr Steed of Ashford]. Steed, Mr: Surgeon of Ashford. Active c.1690-1714? [See also Robert Steed of New Romney]. Steed, William (d.1678): Apothecary of Maidstone, d.1678. Active c.1674. Stephens, John: Physician of Sittingbourne. M.D.; lic. (arch.) 1623; active c.1623. Stephens, Samuel: Physician & Surgeon of Sandwich. Lic. (arch.) 1681; active c.1678-83. Steward, Alexander: Barber-surgeon of Deal, d.1704. Stokes, Thomas: Surgeon of Wye. Lic. (dioc.) 1705. Street, James: Surgeon of Rainham. Lic. (dioc.) 1677. Streetman, Tobias: Surgeon of Faversham. Lic. (dioc.) 1609. Stringer, William: Physician and Rector of Orlestone. Lic. (dioc.) 1673. Sturgeon, Richard: Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Lic. (dioc.) 1662; lic. 2ndly? 1663; active c.1667-69. Sutton, Caesar: Surgeon of Monkton. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Swan, John: Physician of Hougham (formerly a minister of Ockenham, ejected for nonconformism). B.A. 1639; lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1665-90? Swayton, John: Surgeon of Faversham. Lic. (dioc.) 1598; active c.1599-1603. Swayton, Nicholas: Apothecary of Faversham. Active c.1613-40. Swift, Michael/Elichael: Surgeon of Ford [Hoath? Fordwich?]. Lic. (dioc.) 1605. Talputt, Edward: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1697 (app. of Thomas Fowler, q.v.). Tangett, Simon: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1599. Tappenden, Richard: Surgeon of Maidstone, d.1724. Tartarin, David: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1661. Taullon, John: [Uncertain] of [Chatham region]. Active c.1690. Taverner, Samuel: Physician of Deal. Active c.1681. Taylor, Edward: Surgeon of Milton, d.1690. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; signatory 1671; active c.1679-86. Taylor, John: Apothecary of Faversham. Active c.1639. Taylor, Thomas: Barber-surgeon of Milton, d.1692. Taylor, Mr (probably Edward or Thomas above): Surgeon of Milton. Active c.1668-85. Terry, Robert: Surgeon of Dover, d.1661. Terry, Thomas: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1668 (app. of John Lunn, q.v.); active c.1704. Terry, Nicholas: [Uncertain] of [Canterbury region]. Active c.1704. Terry, Richard: Apothecary of Canterbury. Active c.1642. Thompson, Stephen: Physician of Eastchurch, Sheppey. Lic. (dioc.) 1692; active c.1693. Thornell, Thomas: Surgeon of Appledore. Lic. (dioc.) 1592. Thorpe, Richard: Surgeon of Goudhurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Thorpe, Richard: Barber-surgeon of Goudhurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1691; active c.1703. Thorpe, Thankful: Surgeon of Hawkhurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1637. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 165 Thorpe, Thankful: Surgeon of Hawkhurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1723. Thorpe, Thomas: Physician of Ashford, b.1636. M.B. (Cantab) 1666 [Venn quotes Calamy, Nonconformist memorials, ii, 473]; signatory 1661, 1673- 1705; active c.1673-1705 or later. Thurston, William: Surgeon of Sittingbourne. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1665-69. Thurston, Matthew: [Uncertain] of [Sittingbourne region]. Active c.1715-16. Tideman, Thomas: Surgeon of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Tiembronne/Tiembrowne, Philip: Physician of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1621. Tilden, Thomas: Surgeon of Cranbrook. Lic. (dioc.) 1636. Tomlin, Mr: Apothecary of [Maidstone region]. Active c.1668. Tomlinson, Robert: Surgeon of Ashford. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Tonge, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Ashford region]. Active c.1585-88. Tonge, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Sittingbourne region]. Active c.1716. Took, George: see Cook. Took, Mr: Physician. Active c.1712-14. Took/Toke, Henry: Physician of Otham. M.A. (Cantab); M.D.?; lic. (dioc.) 1618. Tournay, John: Physician & Surgeon of Ashford. Lic. (dioc.) 1705; active c.1707. Trethurfe, Ludovic: Surgeon of Doddington. Lic. (dioc.) 1630. Trethurfe/Tredursse, Robert: Surgeon of Doddington and Newnham. Lic. (dioc.) 1605 (as of Doddington); lic. (arch.) 1608 (as of Newnham). Trowhill, James: Surgeon. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1692. Trowts, Mr: [Uncertain] of Faversham. Active c.1630. Tucke, Mr: [Uncertain]. Active c.1663. Turner, John: Surgeon of Staplehurst, d. pre 1662. Turner, William: Physician and Vicar of Bethersden, b. 1570, d. pre 1632. Probably M.A. (Oxon) 1590; lic. (Oxon) 1604; M.D. (Oxon) 1608. Turner, Thomas: Physician and Vicar of St Lawrence, Thanet, b.1572, d.1630. B.A. (Cantab) 1593; M.A. 1596; lic. (dioc.) 1625. Tylman, Daniel: Apothecary of Canterbury. Active c.1588. Typper, Thomas: Surgeon of Appledore. Lic. (dioc.) 1616. Vanderslaert: see Jacob alias Vanderslaert. Vane, Mr: Physician of [Appledore region]. Active c.1679. Vaudale, Daniel: Surgeon of Hythe. Lic. (dioc.) 1629. Vaudale, Philip: Physician of Sandwich. Active c.1620-38. Vaughan, Anthony: Surgeon of Smarden. Lic. (dioc.) 1616. Vaughan, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Tenterden region]. Active c.1681. V[and]ersleite, Israel: Physician. Lic. (dioc.) 1607 [See also Israel Jacob alias Vanderslaert]. Verrall, Tobias: Surgeon of [Lenham region]. Active c.1676-84. Verrier, Edward: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1606. Vickeringe, George: Surgeon of [Canterbury]. Freeman 1612 (app. with John Bassett, q.v.). Vickers, Charles: Physician & Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (arch.) 1709, former Naval chaplain; Freeman 1710. Vickers, Christopher: Surgeon of Adisham. Lic. (dioc.) 1693. IAN MORTIMER 166 Viny, Walter: Surgeon of Headcorn. Lic. (dioc.) 1617. Viny, William: Surgeon of Staplehurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1693. Violet, Thomas: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1636 (app. of John Browne, q.v.). Violett, John: [Uncertain] of St Johns, Thanet (Margate). Active c.1635. Wade, John: Barber-surgeon of Lydd, d.1674. Active c.1674. Wadner, William: Physician. Active c.1642. Waferer, Thomas: Physician & Surgeon of Sittingbourne [and Queenborough?]. Possibly adm. Cantab 1619; lic. (dioc.) 1623; active c.1624-26 as ‘of Sittingbourne’, and 1639 as ‘of Queenborough’. Walker, Nicholas: Surgeon of Maidstone, d.1678. Lic. (dioc.) 1676. Wall/Lyal, Samuel: Surgeon of Canterbury. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1661. Waller, Samuel: Physician. Lic. (dioc.) 1621. Wallis, Henry: Surgeon of St Johns Thanet (Margate), d.1732. Walter, James: Physician of Ickham. Lic. (dioc.) 1600. B.A.? Walters, John: [Uncertain] of [Sandwich region]. Active c.1663-82. Walter, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Woodchurch region]. Active c.1708. Ward, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Lydd region]. Active c.1681. Ward, Mr: [Uncertain] of Faversham. Active c.1663: Daniel Catlett of Faversham, joiner (£42) ‘Item paid unto Mr Ward of Faversham for a debt due by the said deceased for physick’. Warquin, Isaac: Physician of New Romney. M.D. (Groningen) 1687; lic. (dioc.) 1704; active c.1698-1714. Waterman, Thomas: Surgeon of Pluckley. Active c.1592-98. Waters, Christopher: Physician of Ashford, d.1640. Lic. (dioc.) 1618; active c.1614-29. Waters, Thomas: Surgeon of Lydd, d.1660. Waters/Watiers, Christopher: Surgeon of New Romney. Lic. (dioc.) 1600. Watson, John: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1616; active c.1635-38. Watson, Mr: Physician of [Lenham region]. Active c.1677. Watson, Ralph: Surgeon of [Wye region]. Active c.1595. Watts, John: Surgeon of St Johns, Thanet. Lic. (dioc.) 1670; active c.1679-1704. Watts, Mr: [Uncertain] of Elham. Active c.1640. Weever, Thomas: Surgeon of Warden. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1662. Wegh, Daniel: Surgeon of Sandwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1627. Welch, Mr: Physician of Rye. Active c.1663-77. Wellard, George: Surgeon of Dover, d.1703. Wellard, Richard: Surgeon of Dover and later Maidstone, d.1691. Lic. (dioc.) (as of Dover) 1662; signatory 1676; active c.1676-81. Wells, Anthony: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1579. Weston, Samuel: Surgeon. Lic. (dioc.) 1621. Whineux, Dr: Physician of [Thanet region]. Active c.1666. White, Alexander: Surgeon of Goudhurst. Lic. (dioc.) 1600. White, Harimo: Physician and Rector of St Peter’s Sandwich, d.1627. B.D. (Cantab)?; lic. (dioc.) 1608. White, Ralph: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1628. White, Theophilus: Physician and Curate of Minster in Sheppey, b.1599. B.A. (Cantab) 1619; deacon 1620; lic. (dioc.) 1635. A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 167 White, John: Physician of [Faversham region]. Active c.1676-81. White, Henry: Barber of Sittingbourne. Active c.1627. Whitehead, William: Physician of Ashford. Lic. (dioc.) 1597; active c.1599. Whitehead, Ralph: [Uncertain] of [Deal region]. Active c.1692. Whitfield, Herbert (1593-1630): Physician of Tenterden. M.D. (Leiden). Wickham, Mr: [Uncertain] of [Canterbury region]. Active c.1697. Wigmore, Dr: Physician of Deal. Active c.1673. Wignall, Robert: Surgeon of Elham. Lic. (dioc.) 1661; active c.1664-82. Wignall, Thomas: Surgeon of Minster. Lic. (dioc.) 1635. Wilde, Arthur: Surgeon of Appledore. Lic. (dioc.) 1600. Wilden, Clement: Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (arch.) 1630. Wilden, John: Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (dioc.) 1640. Wildes/Wiles, Thomas: Surgeon and Apothecary of Dover. Lic. (dioc.) 1617 (as a surgeon); active c.1614-29 (as an apothecary). Wilford, Henry: [Uncertain] of Milton. Active c.1618. Wilford, William: [Uncertain] of [Sandwich region]. Active c.1602. Wilkinson, Thomas: Barber-surgeon of Sandwich, d.1722. Will: see Wilds. Williams, Maurice: Physician. Application for lic. (dioc.) 1662. Winder, Thomas: Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (dioc.) 1662. Wineatts, Richard: Surgeon of St Lawrence, Thanet (Ramsgate). Lic. (dioc.) 1662; active c.1664. Wineatts, Mr: Physician/Surgeon of Sandwich. Active c.1622-39. Winkworth, John: Physician of Lydd. Lic. (dioc.) 1692. Wiseman, Mark: Physician of Hollingbourne, b.1612, d.1670. B.A. (Cantab) 1634; lic. (arch.) 1663. Wister, William: Surgeon of [Sandwich region]. Active c.1609. Wix, Walter: Surgeon of Borden. Lic. (dioc.) 1624. Wolman, Jasper: Physician of [Cranbrook region]. Active c.1649. Wood, Gideon: Surgeon of Maidstone. Lic. (dioc.) 1605; active c.1614-31. Wood, Henry: Surgeon of Deal, d.1663. Lic. (dioc.) 1618; active c.1629-48. Wood, John: Surgeon of Ruckinge. Lic. (dioc.) 1703; active c.1709-10. Wood, John: Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (dioc.) 1683. Wood, John: [Uncertain] of [Cranbrook region]. Active c.1667 [possibly to be associated with John Wood of Tenterden]. Wood, Richard: Surgeon of Sandwich. Lic. (dioc.) 1624; active c.1625. Woodland, Ruben: Surgeon of Smarden. Lic. (dioc.) 1600. Woodman, Nicholas or Richard: Surgeon of Tenterden. Lic. (dioc.) 1662 [Haggis transcribed the name in different ways]. Woolshaffen, John: Surgeon & apothecary of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1701 (as surgeon); Freeman 1709 (as apothecary) 1709; active c.1697-26. Worley, John: Surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1708; active c.1710. Wowrand, Zacharia: Surgeon of Canterbury. Lic. (dioc.) 1592. Wraith: see Wright. Wren, John: Surgeon of Canterbury, later Faversham. Freeman 1638; lic. (dioc.) 1639; signatory1661-2; active c.1640-85. Wren, Dr: Physician of [Woodchurch region]. Active c.1710. Wright, Joseph: Physician of Maidstone, d.1703. Active c.1667-99. IAN MORTIMER 168 Wright or Wraith, Samuel: Surgeon of Dover, d.1683. Wybrow, Thomas: Barber-surgeon of Canterbury. Freeman 1719. Wyldeboare, William: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1560. Yeames, Edward: Surgeon of Dover, d.1729. Young, Anthony: Surgeon of Marden. Lic. (arch.) 1630. Young, George: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1612 (app. Thomas Brown, q.v.); active c.1618-42. Young, George: Apothecary of Canterbury. Freeman 1644 (son of George Young q.v.); active c.1682. ENDNOTES 1 R.M.S. McConaghey, ‘The history of rural medical practice’, in F.N.L. Poynter (ed.), The Evolution of Medical Practice in Britain (1961), 117-143. 2 J. Raach, A Directory of English Country Physicians 1603-1643 (1962). 3 R.S. Roberts, ‘The personnel and practice of medicine in Tudor and Stuart England: Part 1: the provinces’, Medical History, vi, 4 (1962), 363-382. 4 Ibid., 363. 5 Ibid., 364-5. 6 M. Pelling and C. Webster, ‘Medical Practitioners’, in Charles Webster (ed.), Health, medicine and morality in the sixteenth century (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1979), 165-236. 7 M. Pelling, ‘Tradition and diversity: medical practice in Norwich 1550-1640’, in Instituto Nazionale de Studi sul Rinascimento, Scienze Credenze Occulte Livelli di Cultura, Convegno Internazionale 1980 (Florence, 1982), 159-171. 8 This change is described in I. Mortimer, ‘The Triumph of the Doctors’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 2005, 97-116. 9 I. Mortimer, ‘Medical Assistance to the Dying in Provincial Southern England, c.1570-1720’ (Ph.D thesis, 2 vols, University of Exeter, 2004), i, 157-8. (This thesis is publicly available through the British Library and at Exeter University Library.) It should be noted that the number is not static, due to the cessation of ecclesiastical licences during the Commonwealth. It is perhaps most likely that the number of practitioners was declining by c.1680. 10 Pelling and Webster, in Webster (ed.), Health, medicine and morality, 165-236. This is based on an estimate of the population of the diocese derived from parish returns for the Compton Census of 1676. See Mortimer, ‘Medical Assistance to the Dying’, i, 129-30; P. Brandon and B. Short, The South East from AD 1000 (1990), 190-6. 11 I. Mortimer, ‘Diocesan licensing and medical practitioners in South-West England, 1660-1780’, Medical History, 48, 1 (January 2004), 49-68. 12 For comparison, the index of licentiates and related medical practitioners for Devon and Cornwall contains about six hundred entries over two centuries for a population four times the size of the diocese of Canterbury. (It should be noted, however, that the Exeter index does not include medical degree holders and archiepiscopal licentiates, nor apothecaries). See I. Mortimer, ‘Index of Medical Licentiates, Applicants, Referees and Examiners in the Diocese of Exeter, 1568-1783’, Transactions of the Devonshire Association, 136 (2004), 99-134. 13 In the original version (Appendix Two of the thesis, see note 9) details of activity are included under each practitioner’s name in the following form: Year: Name of deceased of parish, occupation, if known (gross estate value or charge) ‘transcript of entry’ cause of death, if known (doc. reference). For example: ‘1610: John Dunckin of Canterbury, Mr A DIRECTORY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN CANTERBURY DIOCESE c.1560-1730 169 (£732) ‘Item paide unto Mr Charles Annot of Canterburie chirurgion for medycine for the famylie of the said deceassed visited and infected as afore is saide with the plawge and for his paines and diligence in attending on the said famylie divers weekes together verie carefully’ [Plague] (CKS PRC20/2/122)’. This form is followed in the comprehensive version of this directory available on the Society’s website. 14 See ‘Directory of medical licences issued by the Archbishop of Canterbury 1535-1775’: http://www.lambethpalacelibrary.org/holdings/Catalogues/medics/medics_intro.html. 15 Thomas Turner (1572-1630), Vicar of St Lawrence, Thanet, is an example of a man who gained his diocesan licence late in life, at the age of fifty-three. See also Mortimer, ‘Diocesan licensing’, 61. This view is qualified in Mortimer, ‘Medical Assistance to the Dying’, i, 153 n.1. 16 At the time of compiling the appendix to the thesis on which this directory is based, the new Oxford Dictionary of National Biography had not been published.