"ANTIQUITA'l'HS SEU HISTORIARUM UELIQUIJE 1:!UNT TAN. QUAJ\1 'l'ABUL.lE
NAUFRAGII; CUM, DEFICIENTE E'J! FERE SUBMEBSA RERUJ.1 lllEMORIA,
NIHILOMINUS ROMINES INDUSTRII ET SAGAOES, PERTINAOl QUADAM ET
SCRUPULOSA DILIGENTIA, EX GENEALOGIIS, FASTIS, TITULIS, MONUMENTIS,
NUMISMATIBUS, NOMINIBUS PROPRIIS ET STYLIS, VERBORUlll ETYMOLOGIIS,
PROVERBIIS, TRADITIONIBUS, ARCHIVIS1 ET INSTRUllfENTIS, TAM PUBLICIS
QUAM PRIVATIS, HIS'l'ORJARUJIJ FRAGMEN'fIS, LJBRORUM NEUTIQUAM HISTORICORUM
LOCIS DISPERSIS,-EX HIS, INQUAM, OMNIBUS VEL ALIQUIBUS,
NONNULLA A TEMPORIS DILUVIO ERIPIUNT ET CONSERVANT. 1ms SANE
OPEROSA, SED MOR'l'ALIBUS GRA'fA ET CUM REVlilRENTIA QUADAM CONJUNCTA,
11
"ANTIQUITIES, OR REMNANTS OF HTS'rORY, ARE, AS WAS SAID, TANQUAllt
'1'ABUL2E NAUFRAGII; WHEN IN'Dt:STRTOUS PERSONS, DY AN EXAC'l' AND
SCRUPULOUS DILIGENCE AND OBSERVA'rION, OUT OF MONUMENTS, NAMES,
WORDS, PROVERBS, TRADITIONS, PRIV A'rE RECORDS AND l!:VIDENCES, ll'RAG·
MENTS OF STORIES, PASSAGES 01' BOOKS 'l'HA'f CONCERN NO'l' S'l'ORY, AND
THE LlK, DO SAVE AND RECOVER SOMEWHAT FROM THE DELUGE OF
TIME."-Advamcement 1/f Le011•aing, ii.
rrhrenlogia (t;antiana :
BEING
TRANSACTIONS
0 TOR
KE 'l' A H C H JE O LO G I CA L SO C I R 'l1 Y .
VOLUME XXXI.
l.onDon:
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY
B'f
)JITCHELL HC'GBES & CLARKE, 140 W.-\RI>Ol'R ST., OXFORD ST.
1915,
The Council of the Kent .LJ..1·ohaJological Society is not answerable
fo1· any opinions put fonoard in this Worlc. Each Contributor is alone
1·esponsible for his own remarks.
List of Officer1,, Societies in Union, x-xix:; Rules and
PJ.GH
Honorary Members, xx-xxii ; List of Members, x:x.iii-xxxviii
Proceedings, etc., 1913 and 1914 .................................... xxxix
THE FITTINGS OF MEDUJVA.L CHURCHES. By A.ymer Vallance xl
WESTRIIAM CHURCH. By Dr. Maude ...... ......... ...... ...... lii
THE BRITISH OPPIDUM, SQUERRYES CouRT . . . . . . •• • . . . . . . . • . . • . lvii
SuNDRIDGE CHURCH. By Rev. Oanon G. M. Livett . .. . . .... lix
CHIPS'.l'EA.D PLACE. By a. L Phillips . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . Ixi
PRESENTATION '.1'0 REV. w. GARDNER-W .A.TERMAN ... .•. . . . .•. Ix.ii
EnENDRIDGE. By Rev. H. L. Somers Oocks....... .. . .. .. . . . . . . . !xiii
EDENBRIDGE CIIURCH. By Rev. Canon G. M. Lit>ett ...... ... lxvii
COWDEN CHURCH:. By Rev. Oanon G. M. Livett ............... lxxv
Cs:rnDINGSTONE C1rnRCB.. By Rev. Oanon G. M. Livett ... lxxvii
HEYER ..................................................................... lxxix
ST. NICHOLAS, AsH NEXT SANDWICH. By R.H. Goodsall .. .lxxxvii
OBITUARY-W. EsSINGTON HUGHES ...... ..................... ... ci
1. THE MANOR HOUSE AND GREAT p ARK OF THE ARCH.B
ISHOP OF CANTERBURY AT OTFORD. By Oaptain 0.
Hesketli ... . . . . . . . ..... .. . . . . .... . . . . . . . .... ..... . . . . ...... . . . . .. 1
2. FUR'£HER NOTES FROM KENTISH WILLS. By A.rthur
Hussey....... .............................................. ...... 25
a. TltE STODMA.llSH PLASTER PANELS. By 1 A. Lekfeldt 54
4. DANIEL DEFOE AND KEN'£ : A C1U.P'£ER IN O.A.Pl>L·LEFEnNE
HISTORY. By William Minet, M.A.., F.S. ..d. . 61
bOWl'ENTS.
l'AGll
5. Non:s ON THE RE?,L,HNS OF ·wESTENHA.NGER RousE,
KENT. By Geoi'fle Clinch, F'.G.S., F.S.A. (Scot.) ... 76
u. ST. MARY'S, \¥°ES'rENHANGER. RECTORS AND PATRONS.
By Rev. T. Shipde1n Frampton, jjf.A., F.S.A............. 82
7. lX'flt.l.C'l'S FROM ORtOINAL DOCU)fEN'l'S IJ,LUS'l'RA.'rINU
'l'lIE PROGRESS OF THE REFORM.A.'l'ION IN KEN'r. By
Rev. 0. Eveleigh Woodruff, M.A............................ 92
8. Two HE.A.DOORN CLOTH HALLS. By H. S. Cowper, F.S.A. 121
9. °M:ON1J}IENT.A.L Bn.a.SSES JN KENT. By Ralph Grfffen,
F.S.A. ... ... . .. .. .... ... ... ... . .. ... . ..... .. . . .. ... . .. ... ... .. . ... 131
10. "THE VALLEY OF HoLMESDA.LE." lTs EvoLU'rION A.ND
DEVELOPMENT. By Oapt. H. W Knocker............... 155
11. Ex.TRACTS FROM SOME LOST KENTISH REGIS'l'ERS. By
Leland L. Duncan, M. V.O., F.S . .LI.. . . . .. .. . . . . . ... .... .. . .. 178
12. So:r,ru K.ENTISH Cmrnt'J'IES, 1594. By JJ:lajor F. Lambarde 189
13. A WE.ALDEN CJU.RTER OF A.D. 814. By H. S. Oowper,
F.S..LI. . ... ... ...... ...... ... .•. ... ...... ...... ... •.• ...•..... ...... 203
14. THE RECi'ORs AND VICARS OF ST. MrLDRED's, TENTERDEN.
With an Appendix. By A. H. Taylor ... ......... ...... 207
15. FURTHER NO'l'ES ON PHIL. SYMONSON, MAKER OF THE
MA.l' OF KEN'!' DA.'l'ED 1576-1596. By the Hon. H.
Hannen
16. (i) RESEARCHES A.ND, DISCOVERIES IN KENT, 1912-1915.
271
By George Payne, F.S. .LI. . . .. ••• ... . • . •.• .. ... .• •. •.. ••• . . . 275
(ii) RoMAN REMAINS A.'l' Hoo ST. WERBURGH. By J. J.
Robson . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
(iii) ANCIENi' ·w ALLING AT ST. AUGUSTINE's, CANTERBURY.
By Dr. 0. Cotton .... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . 290
(iv) RECENi' DISCOVERIES .A.'1' ST. AUSTIN'S ABBEY,
CANTERBURY. By Sir William H. St. Jolin Hope,
Litt.D., D.O.L . ......... .................................... 294
(v) SANDWICH AND DEAL DIS'l'RIC'l'. By Steplien Manser 297
LIST OF BOOKS AND PAM:PHLE'J'S ADDED TO TIIE SOCIETY'S
LIJmAJl.Y SINCE 1911 ............... ................... , . . .. . . . 299
GENERA.I, OOEX .................... , ............... , • . . • . • .. .. • • .. .. • . • • 303
l L LUST RATIONS.
St. Nicholas, Ash next Sandwich:-
Plan ............................................................... lxxxviii
View from the South-west ................................. .. . .. . xc
Interior .. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . ... ... ... . .. ... .. . .. . .. . ... . .. .. .. . .. .. xcu
Manor House, Otford : Ruins of House now existing and
shewing the Gallery with a floor superimposed used
as Cottages ............................................. facing l
Sketch Plan . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. ,, 5
Ruin at end of eighteenth century, as drawn by
Mr. Petrie .. ......................................... .
Interior of the existing Main Tower .............. .
Fireplace and Oak Panelling in Parlour of the
" Bull" Inn, Ot£ord ................................ .
North End of " Hall " now existing ................ ..
Stodmarsh Plaster Panels, No. 2 .......................... .
" " No. 7 .......................... .
Westen hanger House. Plan ............................... ..
Entrance Gateway, from a Sketch, c. 1750 ;
Buildings on the west of the house, probably of
late fifteenth-century date .......................... .
Headcorn :-
Cloth Hall, No. 1 ...................................... .
Plan ........................................................ .
"
"
"
,,
"
,,
"
"
"
"
Sections and Details . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . ,,
IUng Post ................................. .............. .
Cloth Hall, No. 2 ............ ........................... f acin_q
Plan ... ... ...... ... ...... ... ... .. . ... .................. ... ... ,,
Details ..................................................... .
Spandrel of Tie-beam ................................... .
"Valley of Holmesdale" :-
(i) Map of Pre-Saxon Physical ]features ........ .
(ii) Map of some P1·e-N orman lfoads ........... .
(iii) Map of Lathes and Bailiwicks ................. .
h
"
"
"
,,
6
7
8
22
56
58
79
80
123
124
124
126
126
126
128
128
155
157
168
'"
Vlll ItL US'l'RA.TIO$.
"Valley of Holmesdale" (conti1iued) :-
(iv) Map of Hundreds in West Kent, Court Leets
in Holmesdale ............... .................. .facing
(v) Map of Domesday :Fiefs and Manors ........ .
( vi) Map of .Holmesdale Sub-Manors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,
Map to illustrate Harleiau Charter 83 A. I. .. . . . . .. . .. . ,,
St. Mildred's, Tenterden :-
The Tower .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. ,,
North Side, shewing the "Vice" or stair turret ...
Resea1·ches and Discoveries in Kent:-
Plan of Chalk Quarry at Twydall ............ ........ .
Flint Implements-Plates I., II., III., IV., V.,
VI., and VII . ......................................... .
Plate VIII . ............ ................................... .
Saxon Wall at St. Austin's, from the garden near
the OeroeteL'Y Gate ................................. ..
St. Austin's Abbey, Canterbury, Remains of the
Round Tower, begun by Abbot Wulfric ........ .
'l'ombs 0£ Early-Saxon Bishops, lately discovered
at St. Austin's Abbey, Oa.nte1·bury ............. ..
"
"
,,
"
"
"
"
166
1-72
176
205
207
269
275
276
278
290
294
296
l\tnt rtbttologtcal otttt!!.
-- -------·
OFFICERS, RULES, AND MEMBEllS.
JUNE, 1915.
t )
latnt arcbttologtcal octet.
l?nfOent.
THE LORD NORTHBOURNE, F.S.A.
1:i tce:::l? re(l:Jetttf3,
'£HE EARL AMHERST.
THE EARL BEAUCHAMP.
THE MARQUESS CAMDEN.
THE EARL OF DARNLEY.
'l'HE EARL OJ!' RADNOR.
THE EARL OF ROMNEY.
TRE EARL STA.NHOPE.
THE LORD ASHCOMBE.
THE LORD OURZON Oli' IC1£DLESTON.
THE LORD HARRIS, G.C . .M.G.
'l'HE LORD HOTHFIELD.
THE LORD SAOKVILLE.
THE LORD WEARDALE.
Tlm ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
THE LORD BI8HOP OF ROCIIESTER.
Tl:IE LORD BISHOP OF DOVER.
THE DEAN OF CANTERBURY.
SIR H. B. COHEN, BART.
SIR DAVID LIONEL SALOMONS, BAR'!'.
AUGUSTUS A. ARNOLD, ESQ., F.S.A.
l?. S. W. CORNWALLIS, ESQ.
CAPT. G. L. COURTHOPE, M.P.
THE REV. T. S. FRAMP1'0N, M.A., F.S.A.
REV. CANON G. M. LIVE'fT, F.8.A.
GEORGE l\URSHAM, ESQ.
'l'H:ID REV. C. EVELElGH WOODRUFF, M.A.
OllOt'llt)l @l:Jitot.
LELAND L. DUNCAN, El:lQ., M.V.O., F.S.A.
MAJOR FANE LAMBARDE, F.S.A.
VOL. XXXl. I!.EV, O. EVELEIGH WOODRUFF, M.A.
onotat)l Settet4t'!?•
RICHARD COOKllJ, ESQ., Tlt.c 0/'(!lt, IJctUng, 1llaiastmw.
W,onorm:A? JFinancfal .Secretat·!!•
THE B.l!JV. W.A.T.IJlRMAN G.A.B.DNER-WATEltM.AN, M.A., Loo.Ya, 1)/a.iastone.
onotatA?· m:temmtef.
C. W. POWlllLL, ESQ., D.L., J.P., S11eld/111i/'st, J.lu-nbr·idgo WvUs.
(ALL '.L'HESE GENTLEMEN AIUll EX•OFI!'ICIO MblM.BEltS OF Tl:11': COUNCIL,)
LIS"T OF OFFICERS.
letteil emhern of tfJe etouncil.
W. BRUCE B.tl.NNERMAN, ESQ., F.S.A.
HUBER'r BENSTED, llJSQ.
L. M:. BIDEN, EsQ. . . . .
REV. J. A. BOODLE, M.A. •
H. MAPLETON ClIAl'MAN, :ElSQ.
F. W. COCK, EsQ., M.D., F.S.A.
T. COLYER-FERGUSSON, ESQ., lI.A.,, F.S.A.
Sm WM. MABTIN CONWAY, F.S.A.
CHARLES COT'l'ON, EsQ., F.ll..O.P. .
H. S. COWPRR, ElSQ., F.S.A. . .
A. RANDALL DAVIS. ESQ., 1\1,R.C.S.
F. H. DAY. EsQ.
-\• R'l'HU R l•'INN, ESQ. . . . .
l!,. F. GIRAUD, ESQ. . . . .
RALPH GRIFFIN, EsQ., 1'.S.A.
HON. HENRY HANNEN
ARTHUR Huss1n, ESQ. ,
CAPT. H. W. KNOCKER .
HE1rnERT MONCKTON, EsQ.
H. WESTERN PLUMP'rRE, ESQ.
MAJOR P. H. G. POWELL-CO'f'l'ON
w. H. Annm VALLANCE, EsQ., F.S.A.
H.1;:v. C. H. WILKIE, M.A. • . • . •
GEltALD WooDs WOLL.ASTON, EsQ., M.v.o.
(!!t' ll!Sttel:S,
THE LORD Non·rHBOURNE, F.S.A.
H. MAPLETON CHAPMAN, ESQ.
HERBERT l\'IONCKTON, ESQ.
11,ton. «u?Jttorl:S.
HERBERT HORDERN, ESQ., J.P.
CAPTAIN CHAS, F. HOOPER, J.P.
«ttOtttttllntl:S,
l'rqydun.
lJea'l'Sted.
BrmnlC?/·
1Fcst Mall·bng.
Oanterb11ry.
L(l'Tldon.
0r0/1Je.cnd.
.11lUngtim Oastlc.
o,wterlniry.
8ta-pleltmwt.
Bytlie.
Roc•lw#ei•.
Lyda
Fa11erslW11n.
Londcm.
West Farllliglt.
Wltit,Ytablc.
&vcnoaJ1,S.
JI aU.tmte.
Non;i,ngton.
B·iroM111{Jton.
London.
Little Gltart.
Lonilo1i.
MESSRS. w. J. KING AND SON, 01·avescnd.
FHAM. WEST PECKHAM,
EAS'i' MALLING. RYARSH. YALDING.
EAS'L' PECKHAM. SNODLAND.
NoTE.-See note unde1· the Maidstone Disfrict.
15. argatt iDttritt:
MAUGHAM C. COLL1NGWOOD, EsQ., 4Lower Nol'thdown ATenue, Margate.
BIRCHINGTON. MARGATE.
GA.RLlNGE. NORTHDOWN.
WESTGATE,
NoTE. -BROADST.A.Ill.S and S•1·. PETER's, in the Margate Oounty
Oourt a1·ea, are pla,ced in the Ramsqate District.
16. lltamgatt 1lJff$ttict:
R. E. BOULTER, EsQ., Effl.ngham House, Ramsgate.
ACOL.*
BROADSTAIRS.'"
CKILTO'N.
MINSTEit.
M0N:KTON.
PEGWELL BAY.
MA.NST0N. RA.MSGA.TE.
NOTE.-* In the Margate Oounty
under Sattdwiclt District.
ST. LA.WRE'N0E.
ST. NICHOLAS.
ST. PETER'S.*
SA.RRE.
Oourt area, ,J.lso see note
LOCAL DIS'l'RIO'l'S AND. HON. LOCAL SECRE'l'A.RIES. xvii
17. lltocl)eter 1lll (f$tritt:
E. F. COBB, EsQ., High Rtreet, Rochester.
Ar,LHAf,LOWR, Hoo.
BURHA1'1.
CHAl'HAi\J.
C!,IFFE.
COOLING.
CUXTON.
FRINDSDURY.
GH.LINGHAJ\I,
HAl,LING.
HIGH HALs·.row.
HIGHAill.
Hoo ST. iVIARY.
Hoo 8'1'. WERBURGH.
lsr,E OF <:l-RAIN.
LUTON,
NEW BROlfPTON.
OLD BROMP'l'O:X.
ROCHESTER.
:,;'l'OKE.
S·rnoon.
UPNOR.
WOULDHAM.
18. lltomne 1llltf$tl'tct:
ARTHUR. !<'INN. lsQ., Wesibroke IIouAe, Lydd.
Horii AU, S,\lN'l'>'.
fVYOHURCJI.
N1,:w !tmtNEY.
01,u RoMNT•:Y.
HRl-:NZB'rT.
BROOKf,AND.
HURMARSH.
DYMCHUltcH.
FAIRFIELD.
LYDD.
Ll'J''l'l,ERTON i,;.o N -81\A.
NEWCHUIWH.
:,;1•. :IL\Rv·:,; in the 1\forh
K:-:AHGA'l'J.
AVI•:.
19. SanlJU>ict, 1lllitl'td:
STEPHEN :MANSER, EsQ., Carter House, South Street, Deal.
ASH. GOODNESTONE near KANDWICIJ.
ASHLEY. Dover. STAPLI>.
BARFRES'l'ON. HAM. STOUitMOIITH.
CHILLElWEN. KNOWLTON. W Al,DEWH!Alm.
EASTRY. NONlNGTON. WER'fMAURH.
ELMS'fONE. PRESTON next WING II AM.
EYTHORNE. Wingham. WOODNEKBOHOUGH.
RICHDOROUG!:I. 'WORTH.
NoTE.-Tl1is a1·ea, l1itlierfo included pa1·tl.1J in tlie Deal Di.frict
and partZ,y in the Ramsgate District, is a new Di.Yfricf correspo11di11,q
witli tlte Oount.v Oou1·t Disfi•ict of Srmclwiclt.
20. .Stbenoakf$ IJfott•(ct:
C. J. PHILLIPS, EsQ., The Glehe, Oak Lane, Sevenoaks,
acting p1·11 trm. for
CAPT. H. W. KNOOKER, London Road, Sevenoaks.
BRASTED. 0TFORD. SHOREHAM.
CHEVENING. PLATT. S'l'ANSTEAD.
CHIPSTEAD. PLA.XTOL. STONE STREET,
0ROCKHA?>l HILL. RIVERHEAD. SUNDRIDGE.
DUNTON GREEN. SEAL. UNDERRIVER.
HALSTEAD. SEAL ST. I,AWRENOE. WESTERHAM.
IDE HILL. SEVENOAKS. \VOODL.AXDI>.
IGHTHAM. SEVENOAKS WEALD. WROTHA.III.
KE.IIISING. SHJPDQUR}(E.
YOL, XUf, C
KENT ARCRlEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
21. $lJeppe!? i.ltf$tt:ftt :
JORN COPLAND, EsQ., Sheerness.
E.ASTCliURCli. LEYSDOWN. SHEERNESS.
ELlllLEY. MINSTER. SHEPPEY.
HAR'l'Y. QUEENBOROUGH. WARDEN.
NoTE.-Tlie above places form the County Oourt District of
Shee·rness.
BAPCHILD.
BICKNOR.
BORDEN.
BREDGAR.
FRlNSTED.
HARTUP.
!WADE.
KINGSDOWN near
22. .S tttingbotn·ne D {f$tt·f ct:
(Vaoa.nt by death.)
LOWER H.ALSTOW.
MILSTEAD.
:'IJILTON near
Sittingbou rne.
MURSTON,
NEWINGTON near
Sittingbourne.
R.AINHAM.
RODllfERSH.AM.
SITTINGBOUllNE.
TONGE.
TuNSTALL.
UPCHURCH.
WORMSHILL.
Sittingbourne.
23. onbtitJge il9tf$ttfct:
CHARLES R. BOSANQUET, EsQ., Wood.sgate, Pembury.
BIDBOROUGH.
CAPEL.
0HIDDINGSTONE.
COWDEN.
FOUR ELMS.
GOLDEN' GHEEN.
HADLOW.
HEVER.
MARK BEECH.
MARSH GREEN.
PENSHURST.
TONBRIDGE.
ED ENBRIDGE. HILDlillSllOROUGH. 'fUDELEY,
FORDCOMBE. LEIGH.
NoTE.-.A.ssigned to this Dist1·ict are: COWDEN, which lies in the
OO'Unty Oourt District of East Grinstead, Sussex, and the pa?·ts of
BIDBOROUGl! a'/1.d TONilll.lDGE which lie in the Oounty Oou1·t District
of Tunbridge Wells.
24. unbrilJge ffl.tllf$ 1l!){f$tl'itt:
CHA.RLES W.A:TSON POWELL, EsQ., Speldhurst, Tunbridge Wells.
ASHURST. LAM.BEBBURS'£. PEMBURY.
BRlWOHiiEY, LANGTON. Il.USTH.A.Lt.
GROOMBRIDGE. MA.Tli'lELD. Sou•rHBOROUGH.
liOBBMONDltN. PADDOOK Woon. l:i:PEuDHURST.
N OTE.-See note wnde1· tl e Tonbrid_qe District.
5. if..on1Jo1t antJ :ffontgn 1l!)iS$ttit:
(,Vacan b;y- deii,th,)
( xix )
SOCIETIES IN ·u NI ON.
Fo1• I,u;rrchan!Je of p.,blicttli Board ol' Education, South Kensington, s.w. (Director and Secretary,
Victoria aud Albert Museum).
26 Bodleian Libt·ary, The, Oxford.
5b 'Body, '\'V., Esq., 'l'enterden, Kent.
17 Bond, Lieut.-Col. R . .I:I., Southgate, Rochester.
25 Bonner, A.., Esq., 23 Streathbourne !wad, Upper 'l'ooting, s.w.
14 *Boodle, ltev. John A., 11!.A.., Tudor House, West Malling.
11 Booth, Arthur W., Esq., Scn,ler's Hill, Cobham, Gi-avesend.
25 Borden, Sir F. W., x.o.M.G., Old Place, Canning, N.ova. Scotia. (1)
25 Borden, Spencer, Esq., Ioterlkeu, Fall River, Mn.ss., U.S.A. (1)
25 "'Borrowma.n, J., Esq., A.R.I.B • .A.., 9 Adam Street, .Adelpbi, w.c.
14 Borton, Lieut.-Col. A. C., Cheveney, Hunton, Maidstone.
24 Bosanquet, Chas. R., lilsq., W oodsgate, Pembury, Tunbridge Wells.
25 Boston Public Library, Mass., U.S.A. (per B. Quaritch, 11 Grafton Street
New Bond Street, w.).
16 Boulter, H. E., Esq., Effingham House, Ramsgate. .
20 *Bowker, A. F., Esq., F.n.G.s., F.G.s., F.It.M.s.; Whitehill, Wrotham, Kent.
20 Bowles, Charles W ., Esq., ·L.ll..I.B.A., 9 Sta.ple Inn, Holborn Bars, E.o.,
and Sevenoaks.
20 Box, Edward Gaspar, Esq., Oak Cottage, St. Botolpb's Road, Sevenoaks.
25 "'Boys, Rev. H.J., M.A.., Layer Marney Rectory, Kelvedon, Essex.
Brack, Rev. J. L., M.A. (28)
9 Bramab, Mrs. J. West, Davingtori Priory, .Fa.versbam.
24 Brampton, F. J., Esq., 25 Culverdlln Park Road, Tunbridge Wells.
·xxv
21 Bramston, H,ev. William, ;-.1..1.., Viciu· of Minster, ::lheenwss.
18 Brenohley '.rrustees, 'fhe Museum, Mu.idstone.
25 *Brent, Algernon, Esq., F-R.G.s., 12 1\lfandeville Place, w.
25 Brent, Dr. Mortimer de, 88 Victoria H,oad, Claplrntu Cou1mo11, s.w.
13 Bridge, John William, Esq., 6 Brewer Street, Mu.idstone.
25 Briggs, C. A., Esq., F.S.A., Rock l:Iouse, Lynmouth, North Devon.
25 .Brig4ton Free Library (Henry D. Roberts, Chief Curator), Church
Street, Brighton.
1
14
10
25
10
1
23
15
14
20
14
1
5a.
:l8
Broad, John, Esq., 5 Bank Street, Ashford, Kent.
*Brocklebank, Thomas, Esq., Wateringbury Place, }'.laidstonc.
Drockma,n, A. Drake, Esq., 78 Cheritou Rmid, Folkestone.
Brooke, Edward, Esq., Ufford Place, 'Woodbridge, Suffolk.
Brooke, H., Esq., 9 Rad.nor Cliffe, Sandgate.
Brown, Alex., Esq., Hothlield, Ashford, Kent.
Browne, Rev. R. C. Lathom, At.A., Hever Rectory, Edonbridge. (24•)
Brunton, Dr. W. B., St. John's, Birohington.
'13uuyard, G., Esq., V.l!.H., 'l'he Crossways, Mercworth, Maidstone. (lS)
Burchell, Tufoell, Esq., Vine Lodge, Holly Bush Lane, Sevenoaks.
Burden, 'l'. W., Esq., Heitdcorn, Ashford.
Burrows, A. J., Esq., F.s.r., Holmlea, Kennington, Ashford, Kent.
Butt-Gow, Phillip, Esq., Little Fowlers, Hawkhurst, Kent.
Buxton, A. F., Esq., Fairhill, Tonbridge.
24 Cumden, The Most :Noble the Marquess, Baybam Abbey, 'fuubridge
Wells.
25 Canterbury, His Gmce 'l'he Archbishop of, Lambeth P:ilal!o, L:imbeth.
4 Cnulet·bury, '.!'he Very H.ev. 'L'he l>eau of, 'l'he Deanery, Callterbury.
4 Cimterbury Citthedrnl,- l,ibra.ry of the Dean ,wd Cha.pter.
4 Canterbury :Municipal Librvry, 'l'he ltoytil Mnsenm, CtmLerbury.
11 Cape, H.J., Eq., M.A., St. Aubin's, Meopln\m, Kent.
20 Carnell, John Frederick, Esq., Suffolk House, Soveuoaks.
25 Caroe, Mrs. E., 3 Great College Street, Wetminsl.er.
4 Cartwriitht, Rev. H. B., M.A., St. Augniine's College, Canterbury.
20 Ca.rtwrh:ht, Sidney, Esq., Kirklees, llrit.-iins La.ne, Sevenoaks.
21 Castle, ltev. J., M.A., Queenborough, Isle of Sheppoy.
20 Castle, M. P., Esq., M
.
. v.o., J.P., Oak Hill House, Sevenoaks.
16 Caswell, Miss E., Elcot, St. Mildred's Road, H,amsgate.
20 *Caza.let, W. M., Esq., J.P., lairlawn, Shipborne, 'l'onbridge.
18 Chamberlaine, Rev. J. S. ff., M.A., llli St. Aubyns, Hove, Sussox. (5a)
23 Chapman, A. D. B., Esq., 'l'he Birches, Penshurst. (2,1)
4 *Chapman, H. Mapleton, Esq., St. Martin's Priory, Canterbury.
23 Charrington, M. V., Esq., How Green, Hever, Eden bridge. (2·1-)
Dl Cheney, A. D., &q., F.S.A,, Berwick, Lympne, liyt-he.
3 Vhurchill, John, Esq., Fircroft, Shortlunds, Kent.
16 Churchill, Rev. vV. H., M.A., Stone House, St. Peter's, Broaq., llrack1ey House, Deokcnham, Kent. ·
1 Jennings, W. J., Esq., Kennington Hall. Ashfor!l.
5a Jobson, Mrs, Brooksden, Craub\·ook, Kent.
25 *Johnson, M. Warton, Esq., 75 'l'heDrive, West Brighton.
25 Johnston, P. Mainwaring, Esq., F.iu., F.R.I.B.A., Sussex Lodge, Champion
Hill, S.ll.
2 *Jones, Eric A. Goddard, Esq., 3 Talbot Place, Blackheath, s.E.
25 Jones, Rev. Geo., Shi.rley Yi®rage, Croydon.
2 *Jones, Herbert, Esq., F.S.A., 42 Shooters' Hill Road, Blackheath, S.E.
13 Jones, Miss L., Derwent House, Loose, l-fuidstone.
Hi Jones, Mrs. A. Keith, 81 St. George's Ro,id, Ecclest-00 Square, s.w.
18 *Jones, R,. S., Esq., :r.r.a., New Hall, Dymchurch, Kent. 15 Joyce, A., Esq., Richboroug-h Lodge, Alpha Road, Birohington, s.o., Kent.
5a Joyce, Dt·. T., Shepherd's House, Crn.nbrook, Kent.
22 Julian, Mrs. B., M:ilsted Rect01:y, Sittingbourne.
19 Kennedy, A., Esq., 'l'he Lynoh, Eastry, Deal.
6 Keyes, S. Kilworth, Esq., The Dene, Dartford, Kent.
25 *Keyser, Charles E., Esq., :r.r.11.., D.L., J.P., F.s . .11.., .Aldermwiton Court,
Reading.
17 *Kidwell, John, Esq., The Banks, Rochester.
18 Killick, Charles, Esq., M.A.., M.D., 'l'riuity Eloue, Maidstone.
11 King, A. Warr, Esq., Trewinnow, Darnley Road, Griwesend.
11 King, W. J., Esq., Lifely Lodge, Wltitehill Road, Gravesend.
LIST OF MEMBERS. XXXI
13 Kingsland, H. M., Esq., J.P., Headcorn, Kent. (5a)
13 ,i(y.
25 Laming, Miijor H. •r., '.l'he Knoll, Barton-under-Needwood, Burton-on'.
l'rent.
Lumpen, Rev. C. D.
1 Lamprey, A. S., Esq., M.A., 'l'he Grammar School, Ashford.
25 Lane, Mr8. H. Murray, St. Anthony's, Weybridge, Surrey.
17 Latham, F. L., Esq., Gads Hill Place, Higham, Rochester.
13 Lattimer, E., Esq., Church !DStitute, .Maidstone.
13 Le Bosquet, Rev. George, 'l'he Presbytery, Week Street, Maidsr.one.
25 Le Couteur, J. D., Esq., Rosedale, Beaumont, Jersey, C.I.
15 Leetham, Herbert Rowe, Esq., Thanet College, Margate.
25 *Legg, J. 1'Vickham, Esq., M.D., F.S.A., 4 St. Margaret's Road, Oxford. 25 Legg, Rev. Wm., M.A., St. Mary's Vicarage, Reading. (12)
14 Leney, Mrs. A., Orpines, Wateringbury, Maidstone.
9 *Leuey, Harry, Esq., Selling Court, Faversham.
8 *Leney, Hugh, Esq., Castle Street, Dover.
4 Letchworth, Mrs., 3 Ethelbert Road, Can. terbury.
22 *Levy, Lowis, Esq. , llorden Ha.11, Sittingbourne.
25 Lewis, Rev. R. W. M., M.A., Dersingham Vicarage, King'8 Lynn, Norfolk.
20 Lewis, William C., Esq., Millwood, Wrotham Heath, Kent. (13)
25 Lincoln's Ion Library (A. F. Etheridge, rnsq., Librari:w), Lincoln's Inn,
w.c. (24)
20 Little, A. G., Jt]sq., F.R.A..s., Risborough, Sevenoaks.
13 Littlewood, Rev. A. H., The Vicarage, East Farleigh, Maid.stone.
14 Livett, Rev. Cnnon Grevile M., D.A., F.S.a., 1-Vatcringbury Vicarage, Kent.
25 *Llewellin, W., Esq., Upton House, near Poole.
4 Lochee, ·vv. A., Esq., Upper Hardre, Cunterbnry.
25 London, 'l'he Librarian (pro tem.) of the Corpomtiou of the City of, Gnilu•
bull, E.C.
25 Loudon Library, 'l'be, 14 St. Jame.'s Square, s.w.
7 Lord, W. Wyley, Esq., F.R.G.s., WesUeu, Upper 1:Valmer, Deal.
11 Lovell, Charles E., Esq., 8 Wrotham Road, Gmveseud.
16 Lowndes, Mrs., Stone Cross, Itamsgate.
20 Lubbock, Percy, Esq., Emmetts, Ide Hill, Sevenoaks.
13 Lushiugton, Henry V., Esq., Aldingtou Court, '.l'hurnham, Maidstone.
13 Lushington, Mrs. H. V., Aldington Court, '.l'hurnham, Maidstone.
18 Lushington, Rev. '1'. Godfrey, M.A., Park House, Maidstone.
7 McCall, R. A., Esq., x.c., The Knoll, Drum Hill, Walmer, Keut.
24 McCheane, Rov. H. Dalgety, M.A., The Cottage, Cumberland Walk, Tnn•
bridge Wells.
11 Macartney, S. R., Esq., MeadO\Ylands, Gravesend. 25 MaoCormick, Rev. F., F.S.A.. SCOT., M.R.A..S., Wrockwardine Wood Rectory,
Wellington, Sa.lop.
20 McDermott, Walter IC, Esq., Borough Green, Wrotham, Kent.
4 MoDowall,R ev. C.R. L., M.A., King's School, Canterbury.
xxxii KENT AROH1EOLOGIOAL SOCIETY.
20
13
18
13
25
15
15
Mackinnon, Rev. D. D., M.a., Speldhurst Close, Sevenoa,ks. (24)
MacLeod, Sir Reinald, K.c.B., Vinters, Boxley, Kent.
MacMahon, W. H., Esq., M.a){entii, Loose, :Maidstone.
*Maconochie, Mrs. 13eaf.rice, 'l'he Priory, Eut Farleigh, Kent,.
Madders, H. Fra,nklio, Esq., 12 New Court, C:m,y Street, w.c.
Madders, John Messenger, Esq., Homestead, ,v ctgate-on-Seu, 'l'hanet.
Madders, Mrs., 75 Lansdowne H.mtd, Loudon, w., and Homestead, 'V\1 est,gateon-
Sea.
4 Maidstone, 'fhe Venerable 'l'he A.rchueacon of, Precinct., Canterbury.
10 }/fan, E. Garnet, Esq., J.1'., Halstead, 'l'he ltiviera, Sandgate.
7 Manser, S., Esq., Carter House, South Street, Den!.
25
25
6
16
25
20
18
11
20
25
22
4
10
18
15
16
4
25
Ma.plesden, '£he R,ev. Canon, Know le, Semaphore ltoau, Gnilll.rorert M. Sebng, nsq., Bast Cliff Lodge, Ra.msgate.
15 Moore, ltev. C .. D.D., Apley ltise, Westgate-on-Sea..
20
24,
7
Morgan, Rev. E. K. B, undridge lteotorr, Sevenoaks.
Morland, C. ·w., Esq., Court Lod0e, Lamberhurst, Kent.
Morrice, F., Esq., 'l'he Vine, Northbourne, Deal, Kent.
Morris, Mrs.
8 *Mowll, Martyn, Esq., Chaldercot,, Dover.
10 Muir, Mrs., 11 Grimston Avenue, Folkestone.
2 fo!ler, Harry, 'Esq., 12 w·est Park, Eltham, Kont.
Murray, A. G., Esq. (7)
24 Murton, Sir Walter, Kt. Ba.oh., c.n., Gipps Close, Langton, Kent.
9 Neame, M1·s. Frederick, Colkins, Faversham, Kent.
23 Neve, Arthur, lJlsq., Pinnacles, Tonbridge, Kent.
5a Nev, 'Miss Mary, Osborne Lodge, Cranbrook.
14 Nevill, l!'he Honourable Ralph P., llirling Mnnor, West Malling, M1.1,idstone,
LIST OF MEMBERS. xxxiii
25 Newberry Library, Chicago, U.S.A. (per Messrs. B. J,1
• Stevens and Browu,
4 Trafalgar Square, w.c.).
25 *Newiugton, Mrs. Campbell, Onkover, Ticeburf;, Su!'Sex.
20 Newmun, R. V., Esq., Wrothum, Keut. (23)
6 Newton, W. M., Eq., Smnmerhill Ro:td, l>ut·tford, Kent.
25 New York Public Library (ca1·e of i\iessr. B. 11. Steven :md Brown, 4, 'rrn•
3
24
25
falgar Square, W.<'.).
*Nicholls, W. R., Esq.
!'Nichols, Wm. J., Esq., Lo.chine, Chislohurst, Kent.
*Nicholsou, Herbert, Eq., Old Parm, llidborou,;h, 'l'unbridge We!Js.
*Ninnii<, Inspector-General Uelgr:tve, M.D., F.n.G.s., l'.S.,\ .. 'fhe Elm,
Leigham Avenue, Streath,\m, s.w.
·
2 *Noakes, MisR E., Brockley !foll, Bro<:kley, s.E.
25 *!formau, Philip, Esq., F.S.,L, 4.5 Evelyn Garden, South Ke11i111{ton, s.w.
11 North, Cu.ptaiu 0. H., Cumer, 11eopha.m, Gravesend.
7 Northbonrue, 'l'hc Iti!:{ht Hon. Lord, F.S.A., l'rMide11t, Hettehang-er.
Eastry, S.O., Deal. (7)
1 *Norwood, Edward, J!b:q., Uhari11g-, Altfonl, Kent.
l *Norwood, H,ev. George, Clmring, Ahford, Kent.
l i'iottidge, 'f., Esf[., J.P., Ahford, Krnt.
25 *Oke, A. r., Esq., 32 Denmark Villas, Hove, Sussex.
25 "Oliver, Rum. Ward, Esq., 1 Corl)et Court, Gracechnrch Street, F..<'.
14 Oliver, H. C. Hewitt, Esq., High SLreet, West Malling.
18 Oliver, Dr. H. S., Skianer Rouse, Lydd, Kent.
8 Orger, ltev. E. U.., M.A.., 24 l\:Iarine Pt\rade, Dover.
2 Orwin, Levi, Esq., 13 l\lfarnook Road, Crorton Park, s.E.
2 Outhwaite, H., Esq., 98 St. John's Park, Blackheath, s.E.
l Owen, H,ev. E., Boys Hall, Willesl>orough, Ashford, Kent.
25 Owin, C. S., Esq., 7 Marston Ferry Road, Oxford.
2 Oxenha.m, E. H., Esq., F.R.s.L., Keston Villa, Rushey Green, ClLtford, s.R.
25 Oxford Architectural and Hitoricul Society (Charles 'l'. E. Phillip, B•I·,
Assistant Librarian), A.shmolean Museum, Oxford.
13 Oyler, T. H., Eq., Woodbury, Maidstone.
16 Page, Major Stanley H., 'l'auorey House, V:i.Je Square, Ramsgate.
16 Page, W. Gray, Esq., 2 Queen Street, Ra.msgate.
6 Palmer, Rev. H.J., M.A.., Co11iston, M.aiu Road, Sidcup, Kent.
25 *Parker, F. C. Shirecliffe, Esq., M • .-1., Green End, Northwood, Middlesex.
1 Parkes, R., Esq., Church ltoad, .A.ahford, Kent.
2 Parsons, Arthur P. Gymer, Esq., F.R.C.s., Harbledown, Kidbrook Gurclcn:<,
Blackheath, s.E.
25 Partridge, Rev. F., :M.A.., Lewes, Sussex.
25 Patrick, G., Esq., Ivanhoe, Woodborough Road, Putney, s.w.
12 Faxon, Arthur, Esq., 4 Tanner'!! Hill, Hythe, Kent. (25)
19 Payne, Rev. Orlebar David Bruce, St. Clement and St. Mary Vicarage,
Sandwich, Kent.
25 Peabody Institute of Baltimore (The Chidrman), lhltimore, U.S.A. (per
Mesrs . .A.lien & Son, 14 Grape Street, Shaftesbury Av1:nue, w.c.).
20 Pearce-Clark, Mrs. L. P., Suffolk LodttA, Sevenoaks.
17 Pearman, lVIrs., 'fhe Precincts, Rocl1ester.
13 Pearne, Thomas, Esq., Carmel Cottage, Loose, Maidstone.
a 'Peokett, W. H., Esq., Wyvelsfield, Kenwall Road, Chislehurst,, lieut.
VOL. xn.:i;..
. .
avid Guthrie, .19sq., 155 Widmore Road, Bromles.
17 *Smetham, Henry, Esq., Strood, Rochester.
7 Smith, Dr. S. J., Beachy, Stanley Road, Deal.
17 Smith, F. F., Esq., Watt's AvenuE', Rochester.
6 Smith, II. W., Esq., "Earde-oote," Picardy Road, Uelvedere, Kent.
9 Smith, Jabei, Esq., J.P., CraythorneHouse, Faversbam.
6 Smith, Rev. Canon Percy lil. P., Dartford Vicarage.
25 Smith, W. P. Haskett, Esq., 34 Russell Road, Holland Pa.rk, w.
17 Smyth, R. P., Esq., 33 Star Hill, Rochester.
8 Smythe, Lieut.-Colonel G. F . .A., n.A.lf.<'., l Castlemount 'rerrace, Dover.
0 Snowqen, E, W., Esq., 6 Highl\elq Road, Dartford.
<12
. XXXVI KENT AROH.2EOLOGICAL SOCIETY •
19 Solley G. 0., Esq., Riohborougb, Sandwich. . (7)
is South'. :Rev. 1:Iugh G., M.A., Hib House, New Ro1nney.
18 South, :Rev. R. M., M.A.., 'fhe V1camge, New Romney.
26 *Southey, Ronald, Esq., 28 Rue Felix Faure, Cote d'Ingonville, Hnvre,
France.
5a Springett, Mrs., .Ashfield, Hawkhurst, Kent.
1 ·springllaniel, Esq., 40 Chancery Lane, E.c.
20 Underwood, H. 'f., Esq., Brought.on Manor, Otford, Kent.
20 Underwood, N. E., Esq., Belle Vue, Sevenoaks.
. \,
XXX.Vll
10 Vache!!, I. N. T., Esq., 24 CMtle Rill Avenue, Folkestone.
25 · Vallance, W. R. Aymer, Esq., F.S.A., Burlington l!'ine Arts Club, 17 Sa vile Row, w., and 88 Newrnau Street, Ox.ford Street, w.
5b Varty, G. F., Esq., l Borough Place, Tenterden.
13 Vaughan, E., Esq., J.P., Kensa.le House, Tonbridge Roa.d, Ma.idstone.
21 Veno, Rev. A. D., Holy 'frinity Vicarage, Sheerness.
1 Viggers, C., ERq., Ashford, Kent.
2 Vincent, Wm. '!'hos., Esq., 189 Burrage Road, Plumstead, Kent.
1G Vinteo, Harold Bertram, Esq., Elmside, 'flie Elms, Ramsgate.
16 Vye, G. F., Esq., 'fruro Lodge, East Cliff, Ramsgate.
11 Wade, H., Esq., Homeland, Meopham, near Gravesend. 25 *Wadmore, Beauchamp, Esq., 10 Kimbolton Avenue, Bedford. 25 *Wagner, Henry, Esq., F.S.A., 18 Ralf Moon Street, Piccadilly, w.
9 Waite, Rev. William, Graveney Vicarage, Faversham.
25 Walford, Arthur, Esq., 6 New Oxford Street, w.
24 Waller, H. W., Esq., 58 St. James's Road, Tunbridge Wells.
13 Wallis, F. E., Esq., J.P., 239 Boxley Road, Maidstone.
25 *Walmisley, A. '.l'., Esq., r.uNsT.C.E., 9 Victoria Street, Westmiuijter, s.w.
22 Walter, John A., Esq., Berengrave, Rainham, Kent.
6 Ward, H. J., Esq., Tile Mill House, Farningham.
18 Ward, W. R,., Esq., The Mill Rouse, Sutton Valence, Keut.
25 Wa.rde, Norman B., Esq. (care of Messrs. Howe and Rake, 22 Chancery
Lane, w.c.).
3 Waring, A. T., Esq., Woodlands, Chelsfield, Kent.
2 *Warner, Edmond, Esq., Southend Rouse, Eltham, Kent.
4, Warren, Sir Charles, G.c.M.G., x.c.B., F.n.s., n.E., 'fhe Oaks, Westbere,
Canterbury.
4, •Wastall, E. E., Esq., J.P., Dwilock Minster, '.l'hanet, Kent.
4 Waterfield, Miss M., Nackington House, Canterbury.
10 *Watkin, Lady, 29 Cheriton Gardens, Folkestone.
4 Watkinson, J., Esq., The Quinta, Herne Bay.
20 Watson, F., Esq., Sundridge Place, Sevenoaks.
3 Wa1iSon, M. W., Esq., Manor Road Rouse, Manor Road, Beckenham.
18 Watts, Rev. J., M.A., 20 Cornwallis Road, Maidstone.
O Weardale, Lord, Wea.rdale Manor, Brw,ted Chart, Sevenoaks.
28 *Webb, Sydney, :Esq., Waterloo Crescent, Do,·er.
1 •Welldon, J. T., Esq., Ashford, Kent.
25 •Wells, E. E., Esq., 6 Spencer Road, Cottenham Park, Wimbledon.
23 Wheatley, Rev. S. W., Four Elms Vicarage, Edenbridge, Kent. (20)
25 Wheeler, R,. E. M., Esq., 16 Rolls Court Avenue, Herne Rill, s.B.
4 Wheler, Captain George W. It., 21st Lancers, Headquarters U,.E.K.
Yeomanry Dill Hall, Canterbury. (9)
13 White, Mrs. Herbert, The Poplars, Maidsto08.
4 White, Mrs. J. B., Street End Rouse, Cant-erbury.
*White, James G., Esq., M.A.
10 White, Miss K., Eversley House School, West Folkcstone.
6 •Whitehead, G. H., Esq., M.A., J.P., Wilmington Rall, near Dartford, Kent
9 Whiting, W., Esq., Ospringe, Faversham.
. v,;.
XXXVlll KENT AitCH.LEO'.LOG'.rbAt SOC'.IET't.
4 Whitley, J. W., Esq., 'fhe Woodhiuds, Rhodes Minnis, Elham, Cant.etbury.
(10)
25 Wick.ham, G., Esq., Stone Wall, Linipsfield, Surrey.
25 Wiokins, H. "White, Esq., F.R.G.S., Log House, '\Vadhurst, Sussex.
11 "Wigan, Mrs., Luddesdown, Gravesend.
25 •Wigan, Rev. P. F., M.A., Puokrup Hall, 'l'ewkesbury.
lS Wigan, ltev. S. R., M.A., 'l'hornbam Vicarage, Maidstone.
13 Wild, Rev. E. J., 13armiog ltectory, Maidstone.
l Wilkie, Rev. Christopher Hales, !11.A., The Rectory, Little Chart,
Ashford.
25 Wilkin, Heory E., :&:q., 140 Ebury Street, London, s.w.
15 *Wilkinson, Mrs., High Cliff Hotel, Margate.
23 •Williams, Lieut.-0olonel C. Stanley, Ivy House, Edenbridge.
18 Willimnson, A. W., Esq., New Romney, Kent.
7 Williamson, J. J., Esq., Hawks Hill House, V\ralmer, Deal.
4 Williamson, Mrs. Silas, Riverslea, London Road, Canterbury.
2 Willis, Miss Irene C., 99 Shoote1·s' Hill Road, s.E.
16 Wills, Miss J. Stancomb, East.court, Ramsgate.
25 *Wilmott, Rev . .El. W., Cornish Hall End Vicarage, Braintree, Essex.
9 Wilson, W. J., Esq., The Red Rouse, Sevenoaks. 17 Wingent, H. F., Esq., Roebuck Road, Rochester.
12 Winnifrith, Rev . .A., Prospect Lodge, Hythe, Kent.
20 Winnifrith, Rev. B. T., Ightham Rectory, Sevenoaks.
18 Wintle, Cyril, Esq., The Lodge, New Romney, Kent.
24. Winton, Edwin W., Esq., Ethe1·ton Hill, Speldhurst, 'funbridge Wells.
25 Wisoonsin, State Historical Society of (oare of Messrtt. Sotheran and Co.,
Strand, w.c.).
18 Wii;{Jhel, G. C. Henshall, Esq., New Iiomuey, Kent.
7 ""Wollaston, Gernld Woods, Esq., M.v.o., Bluemantle Pursuivant, College of
Arms, E.c., 8 Barkston Gardens, London, s.w., and Glenhill, Walmer,
Kent.
14 ,.Wolseley, General Sir George B., K.C.D., Thatched Cottage, Watering•
bury, Kent.
13 Wolseley, Mrs. W. 0., Vnle House, Loose, Maidstone.
13 Wood, Jas., Esq., Boughton Monchelsea, Maidstone.
18 Wood, J.P. H., Esq., The Rooks, Maidstone.
20 ,voodall, H., Esq., J.I'., 4 Knole Paddock,'Sevenoaks.
25 11Woodhouse, Rev. R. J., M.A., Merstham. Rectory, Surrey.
10 Woodrnft', Mrs. Cnmberland H., St. David's, Shornoliffe &oad, Folkestone.
4 *Woodruff, Rev. C. Eveleigh, M.A.., St. Laurence Ga,te, Canterbury.
25 Woodruff', John, Esq., 8 Church Street, St. Helier's, Jersey. (17)
26 Woodruff, Rev. J.E., :n.A., The Oratory, Brampton, s.w.
22 Woodruff, Rev. W., I wade Vicarage, near Sittingbourne. (9)
25 Woollett, Liettt.-Col. William Charles, F.S.A., 4 The Ridges, Farnborough,
Hunts.
25 *Woolley, H,ev. Charles Boyle, The Rectory, Church Lench, Evesbam.
2 •woolwich Public Libraries (Borough Librarian, Dr. Ernest A. Baker,
M.A.), William Street, Woolwioh.
8 Worsfold, E. M., Esq.
l Worsfold, W. Basil, F.lsq., Romden Place, Smarden, Kent.
5b Wright, C. B., Esq., Hookstead, High Halden, Ashford, Kent.
20 Wright, Mrs., 106 High Street, Sevenoaks.
6 *Wright, Rev. Charles E. L., M.A.., Enmo»t Dale, Julian Road, lolkestone.
25 ""Wrightson, Mrs., Felix Hall, Kelvedon, Essex.
25 Yale University, Connecticut, U.S.A. (care of Messrs. E. G. A.lieu & Sons,
Ltd., 12-14 Grape Street, Shaftesbury Avenue, London, w.c.).
G Youens, E. 0., Esq., 17 and'l9 Tower Road, Dartford, Kent.
xl PROCEEDINGS, 1918.
At the Meeting of the Society held on the same afternoon at
the Maidstone Museum, . by kind permission of the Trustees,
Mr. Aymer Vallance read the following Paper on
THE FITTINGS OF MEDIJEV AL CHURCHES.
I am not going to deal on this occasion with the growth or
development of Medireval Church plans, but rather with their
Fittings.
It may be noted, however, that parish churches were usually
so placed in relation to their surroundings that a clear way wa.s
available for outdoor processions making a complete and uninterrupted
circuit round the eltterior. Thus when Sir John Cobham
in 1362 was gt·auted a licenee to found Cobham College, one of the
conditions stipull\ted was that the residential buildings were to be
erected at such a distance from the church as not to interfere with
the procession.
In cases where the east end of the church abutted right up
against the bounda1·y of the chui·chyard as at Hythe, a processionway
would be provided under the chancel in order that the procession
should pass right round the church without going outside
the churchya1·d on to unconsecrated ground. At Wrotham, where
the western tower abuts on the roadway, side doorways to the
tower were provided so that the procession could pass underneath
it. The same occUI·s at East Bergholt, Suffolk, and St. Petei·
lVfancroft, Norwich. At Walpole St. Peter, No1•£olk, the p1•cession-
way pnases underneath the chancel for the same reason.
So much for the placing of the church. Thei·e is another thing
l?ROCEE)HNGS, 191:3.
to notice before ente1·ing the building-the consecration crosses.
In this country there were always twelve consec1·ation crosses
outside, as well as twelve inside every consecrated church. The
most famous example is at Salisbury Cathedral, where there are at
least ten if not all the twelve complete outside the building. An
example of one from the buttresses of the Lady Chapel is 2 ft. 6 in.
in diameter. Some two and a half inches below the cross the hole
still remains where a branch or bracket was inserted for a light to
be hlll'nt on certain days-e._q., the anniversary of the consecration.
This is interesting because the exaet date of the consecration is
known, September 20th, 1258 ; in the interior of churches they
were usually painted on the walls.
Next we come to the church porch, which was no arbitrary
addition, but was put to important uses. It was employed cere•
monially £or the first pa.rt of the Baptismal and Marriage Services
and for the Churching of Women.
It was decreed in 1225 that any child baptized by a lay person
should afterwards be brought to the church porch, and there the
priest should supply whatever was lacking in the ceremony of lay
bitplism. The porch was the recognized place for teaching, £qr
fulfilling certain solemn obligations such as the paying of bequests,
and £or the execution of deeds and solemn contracts. Until the
practice was forbidden at the end of the twelfth century civil and
criminal cases were sometimes tried in tl1e porch. Sometimes also
the porch was the place where inquests were held in c1tses of sudden
and violent deaths.
In or close to the po1·ch was a little recess for the holy water
in order that people might bless themselves as t.hey went into
the church. At Hawkedon and Poslingford, both in Suffolk, the
stoup is on the outside. More usually, howeve1·, the holy water
stoup was placed inside the porch or in the church itself.
Inside the building, as near as possible to the principal
entrance, would be the font. The most primitive form was a tub
font; there is au example of· twelfth century date at Gillingham
in this county. The next type of fonts would be square, and finally
octagonal. At the Council at Durham in 1220 fonts were ordered
to be kept under lock and key lest the water should be stolen £or
purposes of sorcery or magic. In 1305 Archbishop Winchelsea.
decreed that font covrs, with lock and key, should be supplied at
the expense of the parish, an order binding throughout the Southern
Province. On some fonts you will find the place s where the
attachment £or secm·ing the covers was fixed. The cover, at fu·at
probably only a flat lid, grew to be a handsome ornament like a
spire, with a mass of carved work and soaring pinnacles. At
Ewelme, Oxfordshire, there is a fine fifteenth-century example
raised by a pulley ; but as these covers became larger and heavier
they could not easily be raised, and consequently folding doors in
the sides of the cover were provided something like a triptych. I
do not know of any very large or imposing font covers in Kent,
but fine specimens may be seen at Holy Cross ancl St. Dunstan's
Churches, qoth in Canterbury.
In the pillar close to the font is sometimes to be seen an
aumbry, or a little niche iu which some 0£ the utensils required at
the baptism were placed for convenience during the ceremony. A
niche of this character remains at Moulton Church in Lincolnshire,
and another, supposed to be for the snme purpose, in the nave of
Great Malvern Priory Chw·ch, Worcestershire.
We now come to the seats in the nave. The earliest form of
fixed seats was of stone, and fixed wooden benches do not occur
before the latter pal't of the thirteenth century, nor did they
become general before the fifteenth century. The low stone bench,
or bench-tables as tbey are now commonly called, were built along
the wall or around the foot of the piers. Usually, however, in such
cases the bench-tables have been ruthlessly swept away or hidden
by the pewing. Instances may be seen 1·ound some of the nave
piers at St. Margaret-at-Cliffe, near Dover, at Lydd and Upchurch.
Probably the earliest fixed wooden benches existing in any
church in this country are at Clapton in Gordano in Somerset.
Another early example is at Honeychurch in North Devon. There
is a curious example of fifteenth-century fixed seats in the north
aisle of the nave of Cawston Church, Norfolk, where on the seat
nearest the door a. back is placed as a protection against the
draughts, but none of the other seats have backs. It is now ve1·y
rare to find these old seats without acks surviving.
Beside the pu1pi:t in the nave, another poiut to note would be
the presence of_ nave altars. In all mediooval churches there
were at least two altars-the High Altar and the Altar of Our
Lady. Where the church consisted of nave and chancel only the
High Altar was in the chancel and the Altar of Our Lady in the
rtave. You can always ·be quite sure of the position of the alta,r
where you see the piscina in the wall.
:in every pre-Refol'mtion church the most• conspicuous object.
'i>RbCir.EDINGS, '.1!H3.
'ivas t'be Great Rood (the symbol of man's redemption and the all.
compelling majesty of the Son of Man), usually accompanied by
:figures of Mary and John on either side. The Great Rood was
either attached to the top of the rood screen or later to the rood
loft; occasionally it was suspended by chains from the roof, but
perhaps most usually it was ·placed on a separate beam above the
rood loft. Roods we1·e destroyed on the accession of Edward VI.
in 154'7 ; they were restored again £or a short period during the
reig11 0£ Queen Mary, and :finally destroyed on the accession of
Queen Elizabeth in November 1558. The ends of the rood beam,
sawn off, remained in the wall on each side of the church at
Ightham until recently, when the whole beam was restored to the
pattern of the surviving fragments. The rood gave its name to the
screen which stood underneath. Rood screens were sometimes 0£
stone, but usually of oak, a material of which England had a .finer
supply perhaps than any eountry in Europe. There is a fourteenthcentury
stone rood screen at Broughton Chru·ch, near Banbury in
Oxfordshire, and a plain oak one at Shutford Church in the same
county. The solid panels in the lower part of screens were sometimes
perforated with little holes of various shapes and patterns,
and at different levels. The reason £or these perforations is not
always understood, but, personally, I believe these holes were
squints through which children might see the Elevation of the
Host. I am confirmed in this belief by noticing the holes at
various heights in the panelling, some being only about 2 feet from
the ground. The Elevation of the Host obtained increasing
importance from the thirteenth century onwards, and the reason
was that the Host should be shewn to the people. An interesting
side light is provided in the case of Smarde.a Church. Those of you
who have read Fox's .A.cts and Monuments will perhaps remember
how the writer gives an account of Justice Drayner, who, in the
time of Queen Mary, was supp·osed to have· spied on people in
order to see who were good Catholics and who were not. Fox tells
how Drayner pierced holes in the front of the rood loft at Smardeu
into which he mounted, and at the moment of the Elevation 0£ the
Host he would be able to watch the congregation through these
holes and take note of those who looked up and lifted up theithands,
and those who did not he arraigned and caused to be
punished. I do not know of any examples of these Elevation
Squints in this county.
The earliest screens were rectangular, and not designed to carry
PROCtEDI:tfGS, 1913.
a rood loft. Rood lofts were introduced in a f e,v parish churches,
e.g., Holy Trinity, Hull, as early as the beginning o the fourteent
century, but they did not become general and indrnpensable until
nearly the close of the fifteenth century. They then went on
beiog built to the eve of the Reformation. Whenever you see a
screen with au arched opening you may know for certain that it
was pla1lned from the outset and built to carry a rood loft. It is
an error, therefore, t-0 decorate the spandrels 0£ screens wbich have
lost their vaulting, because these spandrels would have been
hidden within the pockets of the vaulting, aud a mutilation cannot
properly be treated as a subject £or ornament. An illustration of
this mistake occurs at Stalisfield.
Rood lofts were intended chiefly for the accommodation of the
singers and whatever musical instruments were iu vogue at the
time. The rood loft was also a convenient place from which to
reach the Great Rood for· veiliug it in Lent, and for placing lights
on the rood beam. Perhaps iu the majority of churches the rood
loft extended across the width of the nave only, but i11 the southwest
of England, e.g., in Devousbire, it usually spanned the aisles
as well as the naye, reaching from the north to the south laternal
wall, or, in cases where the continuity of the loft was interrupted
by the arcades, openings would be tunnelled through the corresponding
spandrels of the arcades to pro\'ide a passage from one
part of the loft to the other. A feature, almost peculiar to Kent,
is the rebuilding of the easternmost arch of the nave arcade (or
arcades) to a higher sweep, producing in effect a rampant arch, in
order to make headway for persons to pass along from the gangway
across the aisle (or aisles) to the eentra.l part of the rood loft
iu the nave. Instances of this may be seen at Erith, Biddenden,
Doddiogton, Lynsted, Sittiugbourne and Staplehurst Churches.
R-Ood stairs were, of course, in every case provided to mount up to
the rood loft. Wnere there are none remaining it is either because
the stone stairs have been purposely obliterated, or because they
were of wood and have subsequently perished. R-Ood stair turrets
are so familiar in this county that they need no illustration. .A.t
Hatfield Broad-Oak in Essex there is a little bell cot on the top of
the rood tunet.
The subject of " The Doom " or " '.rhe Last J udgment " was
commonly painted on the east wall of the nave, above the rood
loft, forming a background for the Groot Rood. Sometimes a.
l>ackground was provided in the shape of ii, tympa.num of boa1•ding,
PROCEEDINGS, 1913. xlv
of lath and plaster, or sometimes only a canvas stretched on a
wooden framework in the head of the chancel arch. The reason
for this was that as the Great Rood always bad to be the most
prominent object in the church, and our national custom was to
have a large east window, the light shining from the latter would
prevent the Great Rood being seen clea1•ly unless a background
shutting out the light was provided.
Another thing to note in connection with the Great Rood is
that sometimes the roof above was decorated, £ormiug what was
called a "celure," i.e., canopy of honour, as at Raiubam, where the
panels are painted with the roses and sun-rays of Edward IV. At
Southwold Church, Suffolk, is a very rich example of a celure
painted with augels holding emblems of the Passion. At Great
Rollright, Oxfordshire, and W oolpit, Suffolk, may be seen an overlianging
canopy of wood projecting from the east wall of tbe nave
over where the rood stood.
'rhe destruction of rood lo£ts began in the diocese of Canterbury
a.<, early as 1560, by orde1· of A1·chdeacon Guest, afterwards
Bishop of Rochester, but it was not officially required before the
thid year of Queen Elizabeth, when an Ol'der in Council, dated
10th October 1561, commanded the removal of rood lofts, at the
same time expressly ordering that the "partition" beneath, i.e., the
chancel screen, should be retained, and that where the Rcreeu had
already been removed a new one must be provided. This order has
never been repealed, and it is thus strictly illegal to this day to
remove a rood screen.
One thing more to notice is that sometimes it happens that
the doors of the sc!'een will not shut. A fantastic reason given is
that the nave of the church represented earth and the chancel
heaven, and the doors of the screen were purposely made not to
shut as a symbol that the way from earth to heaven was always
open. That is quite true about heaven and earth, but it has
nothing to do with the screen. Whenever screen doors will not
shut it simply is because constant usage bas strai11ed the hinges of
the doors and caused them to drop.
Passing into the chancel we note sometimes the low side
window near the west part of the north or south wall, and more
rarely on both sides. Various explanations have been gi,·en and
hazarded. We may dismiss the popular t-heory that they were for
lepers, whether £or the administration to them of the Holy Communion
or for other reasons, because in the Mjddle Ages leprosy
xlvi PROCEEDINGS, 1913.
was such a terrible scourge that lepers were not allowed to associate
with other people, nor to come near the churchyard at all. Lepers
were not cut off from religious ministrations, but they were confined
to lazar houses, which were provided with a chaplain, who
administered the Holy Communion to them. Therefore the leper
theory is sheer nonsense. Other people think that low side windows
were intended for light, ventilation, or for hearing confessions.
Whatever their purpose, it must have been connected with some
action from within, though I scarcely think that any one explanation
covers all cases. At Leeds Castle, in the Chapel, there is a
low side window in the upper floor of a part of the building rising
sheer from the water. Therefore its intention obviously had nothing
to do with anybody looking into the church from outside. Authorities
still differ as to the object of this low side window, but the
view most generally accepted among arcbreologists is that it was
intended for a bell to be rung at the elevation of the Host, to afford
people unable to be present in church an opportunity to join in the
spirit of the service. Accordingly the lower part of low side
}Vindows was not glazed but shuttered with a wooden shutter, the
iron hooks for which are frequently to be observed in the jamb.
Archbishop Peckham in 1281 directed as follows : " Let a bell be
rung at one side of the church at the Elevation so that persons
who have not the leisure to be present, wherever they happen to
be, indoors or in the field, may bend the knee and thus obtain the
indulgences granted by many Bishops." Low side windows extended
over a long period, one of the earliest, n twelfth-century example,
being found at Burnby in the East l{icling of York::ihire. One of
the best known and most perfect instances is at·Doddingtoi1 at the
west end of the north wall of the chancel. 'l'he iron hinges for the
shutter remain though the opening has been blocked up. I can
remember the time when this church was restored. The walling of
the lower part of the window was then removed and the whole
window glazed from top to bottom, thus destroying an inteesting
piece of history.
The seats in the choirs of monastic and parish churches were
ananged in rows facing north and south with a clear alley between;
and in cathedrals it was usual to arrange other stalls against th<;i
west enclosure of the choir with their fronts facing towards the
high altar. 'fhese were called 1·eturn stalls, and the same arrangement
obtained sometimes in parish churches also. The seats were
joined together in rows having divisions marking the separate
PROCEEDINGS, 1918. xlvii
places, the ends being often richly carved in what we call poppyheads,
but in the Middle Ages" popies" (i.e., French poupee, doll).
In many churches these seats were provided with hinged slabs to
raise up or down as desired, with a little projecting ledge or
bracket attached under the front edge; this is a misericord-i.e.,
an alleviation from the fatigue dul'ing the long period of standing
for the divine office. They were provided out 0£ compassion £or
human infirmity, £or according to ancient usage the recitation of
the Psalter ,vas not spread over a whole month as it is in the Boo'k
of Commou Prayer, but it was recited once a week, and this was
obligatory on all clergy and was part of the regular routine of the
religious houses.
Other fixed seats in the chancel were those commonly called
Sedilia, which are found on the south side 0£ the altar near the east
end on the south wall. They were intended for those ministering
at the altar, who would occupy them at mass and other times.
'!'hey vary in number frorn one to four, although quite the most
usual number was three; they were generally of stone. Oak
sedilia remain at lfodme1·sham.
Just east of the sedilia and commonly or one design with the
latter is the altar drain, which we now call a piscina-li.terally a
fish-pond ; in this the priests washed their hands and the sacred
vessels.
Ancl now the Lenteu veil. Archbisho,p Gray, of York, in his
constitutions 0£ 1250 directed that the Lenten veil was to be provided
at the expene of the parishioners in every church; and
Archbishop Winchelsea in 1805 made it obligatory througl1out the
Southern Province. The Lenten veil was hung across the chancel
between the choir and the altar at a line just to the west of the
sedilia. It remained in position from after Compline on the l!'irst
Sunday in Lent until the \Vednesday in Holy Week, and duriug
all that time (except on occasions when a high festival occurred) it
was only raised for the reading 0£ the Gospel until the "orate
fratres" (a point of the old service which may perhaps best be
compa·ed with the Exhortation before the Prayer for the Church
Militant in the Prayer Book). On the Wednesday in Holy Week,
at the words in the Gospel "the veil 0£ the temple was rent in
twain," the Lenten veil was taken down or torn asunder. The iron
hooks for the Lenten veil remain at Heckington Church, Lincolnshire.
There are others in the presbytery at Ripon Minster; while
on the north side 0£ the presbytery at Salisbury Cathedral may yet
xlviii PROCEEDINGS, 1913.
be seen the winch by which the cord suspending the veil might be
lo,vered or dr:iwn taut as required.
In many churches on the north side of the chancel opposite
the seclilia there remains a recess £or the Baster Sepulchre. This
was universally in use once a year, and where no stone recess
survives one may be sure that a wooden receptacle was provided.
The sepu1chre was used to deposit a crucifb.: (the same tbat had
served at the " Creeping to the Cross " on Good Friday) and a pyx
containing the Sacred Host. These were placed in the sepulchre
after the Mass of the Pre-Sl\nctified on Good Friday and remained
therein, constantly watched ,vith much devotion until Easter
morning; t11en they were brought back with festal solemnity to
the high altar. It was a much coveted honour to have one's tomb
in this position in the north chancel wall, where with a flat top and
without an effigy over it might serve yearly as the sepulchre for
the Blessed Sacrament to rest on.
In every church, too, in addition to the great rood were two
images, one on either side of the east window-one of the saint to
whom the church was dedicated and the other of the Blessed
Virgin.
'l'he reredos was never very high because an important feature
of the east end of English churches was the east window, which
did not admit of much space for a high structure underneath.
Lastly, the altar. The high altar was ordered by Archbishop
Lanfranc in 1076 to be of stone. It wall a plain 1·ectangular mass
of masonry supporting a flat slab without ornament, except that
its overhanging edge was sometimes chamfered on the underside.
The reason for the absence of ornament was not that the altar was
considered unimportant, but that it might always be perfectly
bare when stripped on Good Friday. 0£ colll'se altars had gorgeous
hangings and sometimes a carved movable front of alabaster in a.
frame, but the altars themselves were obliged to be plain and
unadorned.
At the Reformation these stone altars were taken down and
broken up, sometimes the consecrated slab was laid on the ground
by the porch or in some other situation where everyone who
entered the building must, consciously or unconsciously, degrade
it by treading it underfoot.
The features I have euu111e1·ated were familiar throughout the
land in tbe Middle Ages; but on account 0£ the havoc wrought at
the Re£orma.tion a11d from that time onwards it is necessary to go
PROCEEDINGS, 1913. xlix
far afield, gathering together the various exittnples, one here and
one there, in order to appreciate the complete aspect of a medireva
church interior.
l\fr. L. M. Biden followed with a Paper on "The Purr>ose and
Work of the Records Branch."
June 3rd, 1918.-Tbe CoUJ1cil met this day at the Coburg
Hotel, Mount Street, W., by invitation of the President, who, previous
to the meeting, hospitably entertained the members to
luncheon.
Lord Northbourne in the chair. Twenty.three members
present.
Maidstone " Pitlte-Ba,rn."-The following resolution was
adopted: " 'l'he Council venture to express the hope that any
restoration or 1·epair to the above building may be entrusted to an
architect accustomed to deal with ancient structures, and that
plans and particulars of such repairs may be submitted to the
Council of the Kent Archroological Society.''
Rep0rts from the Local Secretaries Committee and the Records
Branch Comn1ittee were presented and adopted.
Protection of Ancient Buildirigs.-After a long discussion the
following resolution was })assed: '' The Council of the Kent
Archreological Society would welcome any well-considered scheme
or schemes whereby-without infringement of the jurisdiction 0£
ecclesiastical authority, whether Diocesan, or Capitular, or the
rights of parishioners-the preservation of features of architectural
or historic interest in churcbefl undergoing alteration or
repair would be insured." The Hon. Secretary was requested to
send copies of the above resolution to His Grace the Arch bishop
of Canterbury and the lord Bishop of Rochester.
Mr. L. M. Biden was elected a member of Council. The Rev.
G. M. Livett and Mr. Aymer Vallance were re-elected as the
Society's representatives at the Congress of Archreological
Societies.
The following new members were elected: Messrs. F. E.
Foreman, J. D'Avigdor Goldsmid, D. Vaughan Rice, P. F. Potter,
H. 'l'. Underwood, F. Watson, Miss V. E. Potts and Mrs. Raggett.
The Fifty-sixth Annual Meeting was held at W esterham and
Edenbridge on Monday and Tuesday, July 28th and 29th, 1913.
The members and. friends preseut i:ncluded Lord Northbourne,
"VO:t,. X, I)
1 PROCEEDINGS, 1913.
Sir Martin and Lady Conway, Miss Conway, Hon. H. A. and Mrs.
Hannen, Mr. Herbert and Mrs:· Monckton, Rev. G. M. and Mrs.
Livett, General Wolseley, Rev. W. and Mrs. Ga1·dner-'\;aterman,
Rev. C. E. and Mrs. Woodruff, Mr. and Mrs. H. M. Chapman,
Rev. H. L. Somers Cocks, Mr. Richard Cooke, Mr. L. W. Biden,
Major and Miss Powell-Cotton, Mr. Cripps Day, Mr. J. Ellis Mace
and Mrs. Mace, Rev. R. Swan, Mr. J. A. Walter, Rev. S. R.
and Miss Wigan, Mr. G. E. Duveen, Mr. W. E. Hughes,
Mr. W. T. Vincent, Mr. S. W. Kershaw, Mr. A. H. Tay]or,
Major ]!'. Lam barde, Rev. and Mrs. McCheane, Mr. S. Manser,
Rev. C. N. Wilkie, Mr. Till, Mr. H. S. Cowper, Mr. E. Garnet
Man, Mr. Youens, Mr. A. A. Arnold, Rev. J. Rooker, Mr. C. J.
and Mrs. Phillips, Mr. H. W. Knocker, Colonel Rogers, Captain,
Mrs. anROCEEDINGS, 1913. i VlHl
'' The Costis and Chargis or the said Ohirche and Vicreage is as
it is undir wreten.
ffirst for :ffraokyncens
It. for syngyng brede and hoselyn brede
xvid.
xvd.
It. for my lo1·d of Rowchester's visitacion every third yere
It. for ye Kynge's dyrnse (tenths)
It. £or my Master Archedekyns proxies
It. for wast of wex brynnyng in the said Cherche
iijs. iiijd.
xiijs. iiijd.
vijs. vid.
xxiijs. xd. ob.
It. £or syngyng wyne and hoselyng wyne iijs. id.
It. £or reparacions of bolrns, vestments and weshyng of the
vestments and reparacion of ye vicreage xls.
It. £or a clerk to hel1> ye vicary synge every weekday and to goo
with ye saied vicary a visitacion, and a man also to fetehe home
all the tithes longyug to the saied vicreage iiijd.
It. for certifying of mawndments of citacions, suspencious,
excommunicacions as well in the diocese of Rowchester as oute of
the diocese foresaied xls.
1 t. the Vicary must have an hors to fetche home yo forsaied
tithes xxvijs. viijd.
It. ye Vicary must have of custome at d.ynner with hym all the
priests and clerks of the Chirche at ye principall fests of ye yere
vis. viiid.
It. ye Vicary must of cnstome to have all his parishons uppon
Esturday with in the Vicreage forsaied and they must have of
custome brede with chese and ale with cid.ar xs.
summa. tot' is xij11 xviijs. ob."
Mr. Woodl'U:ff added: This document throws considerable light
on the condition of the incumbents of impropriated parishes in
medireval times, and should be compared with Abbot Gasquet'a
remarks on the same subject in Englisk Monastic Life, p. 194.
i>ROCEEDINGS, 1913. i VlHl
THE BRITISH OPPIDUM, SQUERRYES COURT.
Luncheon was se1·ved at the King's Arms Rote\, W esterham,
and afterwards a yisit was paid by kind permission of Mrs. Warde
to the British Oppidum in the Park at Squerryes Court.
The Rev. 0. E. Woodruff, in the absence of Mr. Clinch, who
was to have acted as guide, said :
The Society met here about twenty-eight yearil ago, and at that
lvi'ii PitOCEElHNGS, 1913.
time the late Canon Scott .Robert.son described briefly the chie:t
features of the earthworlL His remarks were afterwards published
in the XlVth Volume 0£ Arclueolo,9ia Oantiana accompanied
by a map. Mr. Livett has enlarged that map, and you will
have an opportunity of seeing it at the evening meeting to-day,
when you will be able to understand the contour of the countt-y.
and the shape of this earthwork. I may say it is in form an
irre.gular oval, covering a11 area of about eleven acres and enclosed
on its eastern side by a double vallum. 1'he original entrance
was apparently at the south extremity, although several other
entrances have been made since. I have been told that at the
northern extremity there is au ancient trackway which the people
still call the Roman Road. I do not think we can attach much
importance to that, beC11use we know a generation or two ago all
these earthworks were called Roman camps. It is quite possible
that it may have been occupied and strengthened by the Romans.
Perhaps it is more likely that it was used in opposition to the
Romans, and that British forces as they were driven back from the
eastem parts of Kent may have retired into West Kent and
fortified themselves in this wooded district. At the same time the
work may be of much earlier origin. We have not sufficient
information for dating with accuracy these rude earthworks. -1'he
purposes they served were various ; some were forts, some pounds
£or cattle, some had settlements or villages within them. We have
to await the elucidation of the problem which these camps offer
until further spadework enables them to be classified in a scientific
maun.er. The thorough examiuation 0£ earthworks is a11 expensive
and tedious business, and we cannot expect many such enthusiasts
as the late General Pitt Rivers to arise in a single generation, but
gradually the requisite data will be got together.
SQUERRYES COURT.
A. drive through the beautiful pa1·k brought the party to
Squerryes Court, the residence of Mrs. Warde, by whose kind permission
the house a.nd gardens were inspected, an account of
which and of the family portraits will be £ouud in A1·cli11Jolo,qia
Oantiana, Vol. XVI.
PROOEEl>INGS, 1918.
SUNDRIDGE CHURCH.
Sundridge Church, where the Vicar, the Rev. E. IC. B. Morgan,
received the Society, was described by the Rev. G. M. Livett, who
said: This benefice is a rectory in the patronage of the Archbishop.
The church is mentioned in Domesday Book, and is an example
of a church in which the original Norman plan is plainly visible in
the existing p]an, but of which no other architectural evidence
remains. The Norman church consisted, as usua1ly, of plain aisleless
nave and short square chancel. Imagine solid walls iu place
of the nave arcades, a small chancel arch in the place of the }Jresent
arch, and thechaucel ending across the present chancel whet·e the solid
side walls of the eastern part of it commence. Such was the Norman
church. Its height is indica.ted by the offsets running a.long the nave
walls above the area.des, and which, under the quatre-foil openings,
formed a clerestory. 1'heline also appears at thewost end. The Early
English additions to that original Norman church consisted of (a) the
west tower; (b) narrow nave aisles of the same width, but not so
high as the present aisles; (c) side chapels to the chanl:el ou the liues
of t,h existing chapels; (d) an eastward extension of tho chancel;
(a) the nave arcades inserted in the old walls; (f) clereRtories 0£
quatre-£oil openings, fot·med in au audition to the nave walls above
the arcades; (g) choir arcades; and (h) chancel at·eh. All these
remain. Notice how in extending the chancel eastwards the Early
English builders splayed their walls, making the chancel about a
foot wider at the extreme east end. 011 each side 0£ the five-light
Perpendicular east window the moulded jambs of the original Early
English lancets remain. The side windo\vs (lancets) of this addition
are modern; that oo. the north replaced a Perpendicular window
above a tomb. 1'here is a double piscina in the chancel. l'he
arcades are all in Kentish rag, a hard intractable material, hence
the rudeness of the Early English mouldings. The tower arch is
Perpendicular, and the whole tower is wrongly assigned by Sir
Stephen Glynne to that period. 'rhe tower had lancet lights, as
seen plainly on the inside on the fit·st stage. One of these lancets
is still seen on the west face exterior, with its pointed head blocked
and a straight lintel inserted. 1'he west door is Pe1·peudicular
(Tudor). The massive clasping buttress of the south-west angle
may be original. The newel staircase is an addition. In the
shingled spire on the west £ace peeps out a sa11ctus bell, a very
rare and precious possession. The remodelling of the aisles in
lx: PROOElhD!NG$, 1918.
Perpendicular times is most remarkable. As a rule Perpendicular
arcl1itects widened the early aisles of a church ; in this case they
simply rai.<1ed the outer walls to contain tall three-light windows
and to support new roofs. The object of the new windows was
the display of staiued glass, all of which is destroyed. In the aisles
can be seen the hot·izontal weather-course of the original sloping
roofs, and below this a series of corbels that carried the wall posts
which supported the plate (immediately under the weather-course)
on which the ritfters rested, or with which they were framed. The
aisles, doubtless in accordance with the usual arrangement, communicated
with the chancel chapels in each case by means of an
arch. A sign of such arch is seen at the east end of the south
aisle, in the bit of string-course which served as the impost of the
arch on the south face of the chancel arch pier. In the wall opposite
may be seen the blocked doorways which formerly communicated
with the rood loft. 'rbere are 1·emains of two doors of exit
frolll the newel staircase ou to the loft, one above the other,
pointing to a rebuilding of the loft at a diffe rent level. Note the
way in which the jambs of the Perpendicular windows run down to
form recesses £or benches.
A fire in 1802 destroyed the remains of the rood screen, and
did much damage in the chancel. Notice the altar-tomb of John
Isley and his wife (1484) at the east end of the north aisle, and
brasses under the chancel step, two to Isleys (1429 and 1515 ),
and a third to some civilian. The Isleys owned Combe Bank in
this pat·ish before it passed to the Campbells. It may not be
generally known that it was as Baron Sundridge that the late
Duke 0£ .Argyll sat for many years in the House of Lords. Lady
Frederic CMUpbell, previously widow or the Earl Ferrers, who was
executed £or murder iu 1760, was burnt in one of the towers of
Combe Bank, and only a siugle bone was recovered £or burial in
this church. Mary Bellen.den, the court beauty aud correspondent
of Mrs. Howard (George the Secoud's Countess of Suffolk), married
a Campbell, and her bust, chiselled by Mrs. Anne Seymour
Darner, is in the chancel, as is also the bust of Lady Caroline
Campbell, the sculptor's mother. This Mrs. Damer was the author
0£ the buste of Tham.ea and hie ou the bridge at Henley-onl'hames,
and was sung by Erasmus Darwin in the following linee :-
" Long with soft touch shall Da.mer's chisel charm,
With grace delight us and with beauty warm."
PROCEEDINGS, 1913. lx.i
My last note refers to Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London in the
reign of George II., who lies buried with his wife on the east side
of the churchyard.
PROCEEDINGS, 1913. lx.i
CHIPSTEAD PLACE.
Another motor drive brought the party to Chipstead Place, the
residence of Mr. J. Duveen, who had gene1·ously provided tea for
bis guests on the lawn. Before they dispersed to view the garden
and grounds, Mr. C. J. Phillips apologized for the absence of Mr.
Duveen, wl10 bn.d asked him to undertake the duty of reading a
short account of Ohipstead Place. Mr. Phillips said: The Manor
of Chipstead was formerly called Wilkes, from a family of that
name who possessed it in the reign of Richard II., 1377-1399.
The first mention of the manor is in the reign of Edward III.,
when it was in the possession of a family who took their name
from it. In 1347, when the Black Prince was made a knight, the
heirs of John de Chepsted paid aid for it as the tenth part of a
knight's fee.
The first mention of Oliipstead Honse that I can find is in the
reign of Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603), when Robert Cranmer
lived here. He died March 4th, 1619, and was buried in Ohipstead
Church .. His daughter Anne married Sir Arthur Henys, who
died possessed of this house on January 9th, 1632, and was
succeeded
by his second sou John Herries, who married
Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Dacre of Cheshunt,
Hertfordshire.
Frances Herries survived her husband anROCEEDINGS, 1913.
English work, but slightly removed from N ormau; the date may
be about 1200. Here then in tliis respond we have a sure sign 0£
the existence of an Early English arcade, betokening an Early
English aisle of narrower dimensions of course than the present
broad aisle. The Early English people never designed so wide an
aisle as the present one. Now if we look at the four columns of
the arcade and notice the material and the eoursing we are struck
with the fact th.i.t in every case the uppermost two or three
courses, occupying about two feet of the columns under the
capitals, are longer than the courses below, and the material is
different. '!'he explanation of this doubtless is that in the lower
part of the columns we have remains of the original Early English
arcade, which the Decorated or fourteenth-century builders altered
by heightening the columns and raising (of course by rebuilding)
the arches above them. Lower the columns by two feet, and you
would have the springing of the arches exactly on a level with the
top of the bit of string-course recently discovered, which (as we
have seen) fo1·med the impost of the Early English chancel arch.
The Decorated builders, in altering the arcade, inserted new bases
and new capitals. In recent restoration some fragments of
octagonal columns of firestone (the mater,i,al of the capitals of the
west respond) were found; they may be seeu in the porch. They
shew lea£ foliage of early thirteenth or late twelfth-century type.
One of them has a pointed design very like that of the early
thirteenth-century capitals of the nave of Battle Church. I have
no doubt these capitals belonged to the Early English nave arcade.
I am sure you will agree with me that the study of this arcade
gives results of a most interesting character. The raising of the
height of an arcade was a device practised occasionally by fourteenth
and fifteenth-century builders. A good example may be
seen in the nave of Selliug Church, near Faversham, in which the
Perpendicular builders made use of tl1e old Early English voussoirs
for the inferior order of their new arch, and cut fresh voussoirs for
the superior order.
Tbe height of the plates of the Early English nave roof is
indicated by the two square maases of masonry in the "·esteru
• angl of the nave; they doubtless supported the main tie beam at
that end. .A.. similar mass in the angles 0£ the aisle indicates the
height 0£ the sloping roof of the narrow Early English aisle' which
has vanished. The next sign 0£ the Early English design is in a
small splay, cut off tbe southern face of the south pie,r of the
PltOO'.EEbi:NGS, Hll8. lxxill
chancel !arch, i.e., the south-east quoin of the nave. The work
above and below this little splay belongs to the Perpeuclicular 1irch
which spans this line of division between the aisle and the chancel
cha1>el. But the stones of this splay shew the characteristic Eady
English chisel tooling, and I have no doubt the i:;play origiunJly
.formed one side of a narrow squint, through which a priest,
serving a side altar at the east enl'oo£ o £ its remo,•al is seen in the q uoi us of
the rear arch, which have. been re-cast to fit a slightly nat·rower
splay than it had in its original position. The Early English
lxxhr PRbCEEDINGS, lH3.
tooling is left on one face 6£ each stone, but the other £ace ha.s
been cut back. This window was removed a second time in
1908-9 and placed a few inche:3 further west, when the doorway
beside it was inserted. .Also uote t.he position of the buttress
midway-this was built in 1908-9 oul; of old materials, falsifying
history. It was originally further east, and doubtless there was
another, further west, and a window between the two.
These changes made in 1499, when the chapel was remodelled
and re-roofed, and tli is arcade rebuilt nnd the west arch foserted,
were all in connection with the tomb oi Richard Martin, whose
alta1•-tornb was placed where the ot·gan now stancls. It remained
there till it was removed in 1890 to make room £or this organ.
Portions of the tomb were then rebuilt into the east wall of the
chapel, which previously had an alfar recess, then filled up. All
this is falsifying history.
We are now able to approximate the evidence, such as it is, £or
the form and dimensions of the early N ormau church. We have
seen that the existing north and west walls are incorporated in the
present walls. The Early English nave, however, is too broad for
an early Noru1au uave, and I have no doubt that (as we saw
at Aldington last year) iu the Early English enlargement of the
nave the Norman lines of the south side were disregarded, nd the
new Ea1·ly English arcade built just outside the south work of the
earlier church. Now, if we give to the Norman church a length
about the sa.me as that of Sundridge, and also as that of W esterham
(deduced from the present plan of that church), we get a chancel
whose east waH falls on the line of the Early English chancel arch.
This accords wit,h the plan of enlargement which I have recently
deduced from a study of the evolution of Hythe Church.
There are one or two other things mentioned in the book by
the Rev. H. L. Somers Cocks: "'rhe Clock, which possesses an
hour hand only, was brought from the church of St. George the
Martyr, Southwark, in 1795-96. The stone coffin and lid of
marble, discovered under the flooring of the nave in 1860, are
unusually fine. 1'he year they date from is unknown. The old
tiles in the tower and iu the chapel were found in various parts of
the church in 1860. The font bns a square bowl, which is
supported on au octagonal stem with shafts at the angles. 'rhe
mouldings on the capitals and bases of the shafts perhaps belong to
the 1'ransition period between Norman and Early Englis11, A.D.
1180. The pulpit is early Jacobean work. The church chest ia of
ROOEli:DINGS, 1913.
the oldest known form, being dug out o-£ the solid oak trunk. Its
original leugth wa.H 5 feet 6 inches, width 16!· inches, depth 14
inches. The lid was in one piece and without hinges."
Now, lastly we go to the tower. This has remains of Early
English windo,vs in its middle stage interioi·, and I have no doubt
that it is an Eru·ly English tower, like Westerbam and Suudridge.
A glance at the plan proves that it could not have belonged to the
Norman church ; it seems to run too for to the south. The great
buttress and the newel staircase are Perpendicular additions.
ROOEli:DINGS, 1913.
t
COWDEN,
Luncheon was served in the OddfelJows' Hall, and then the
party divided, the hurnlred who had first made application left for
Hever Castle, and those who were not so fortunate as to be able to
accompany them started in two ca1·s, under the guidance of the
Rev. C. Eveleigh Woodruff, for Cowden, Chiddingstone and Hever
churches, which were to be det1cribed by the Rev. C. M. Liveit. In
a preliminary ex:aniinatiou of the drnrd1 of Cowerpeudicular south porch, and modern organ chamber at the
uorth side of the chancel.
It has a shingled spire which rises through the nave roof
towal'(ls its west end, a fe,v foet from the west gable, from a
massive
framework of wooden beams which are exposed at the
end of the nave inte1·ior. 'l'he maiu uprights stand on modern
brick footing1:1 which stand on the tloor of the nave, and no doubt
indicate some decay of the beams at the bottom. The curved
bracel! of the lowest stage form arches on the four sides of the
framework, and also diagonal arches.
The church contains no visible sign (other than the quoin
ntentioned) of date eadier than the fourteenth century, when
square-headed windows were inserted in the south wall of the nave,
one of them shewing a peculiar label, over the very slightly pointed
nave arch, consisting of a scroll moulding turned over at the ends.
At the same time, as indicated by the fine moulding::; or the tie
beams and wall-plates shewing triple-filleted rounds, the nave w.is
covered with a new king-Piost roof. The stops of the mouldiog.;i of
lxx:VI '.PROC.llJEDINGS, 1913.
the wall-plates shew that the timber tower and spire must have
been erected either previously to, or at the same time as the
Decorated nave roof. The roof of the chancel seems slightly later
in date, but the east end contains a modern window which may very
well be a fairly good representation of its Decorated predecessor,
and on the north side of the chancel, near the east end, is a twolight
square-headed window of the same period. On the opposite
side there is a similar opening, transformed into a modern single
foiled light of ungraceful proportiom, 11,nd underneath is a mutilated
piscina with a crocheted hood-mould of Decorated date.
1'he south wall of the cha.nee! also contains two delightful two.
light Perpendicular windows of very small dimensions. The most
remarkable featm-e of the church consists of two piscinre opposite
to one another, one on either side of the chancel close to the west
end. They lie on the line of the destroyed chancel arch, which
was probably removed iu the fourteenth century. The width of the
chancel arch wall is indicated by the eastward extension 0£ the nave
roof about three feet beyond the chancel step and the quoins of the
chancel side-walls which rise therefrom. The pisciure have tre£oiled
heads of the fifteenth-ceutury date. '!'hey indicate that the
fifteenth-century rood screen crossed the chancel to the east of
them, and that on the west side of the screen there were two alta1·s,
one on either side of the screen door. The close proximity of one
of the two Perpendicular windows iu the south wall seems to leave
very little room £or the screen, which of course has disappeared.
The difficulty was explained by the Parish Clerk when he told the
members of the Society that this window formerly existed on the
north side, opposite the second of these two windows, and that it
was removed thence and placed in its present position when the
organ chamber was erected on the north side. 'fhe screen which
Glynne, writing in 1853, described as " modern Gothic, set a little
eastward of the entrance to the chancel," was taken down at the
1i:i:me time. No doubt this moderu screen occupied ·the position of
the fifteenth-century scree11, crossing the chancel some five feet or
six feet to the east of the chancel step, and allowing ample room
for the two altars. Altars were very commonly placed on the west
side of the screen in its normal position at the east end of th nave,
but the position of the screen in this case, some foet within the
chancel, was very unusual. The rood loft, the entrauce to which is
still visible, was doubtless bracketed in the usual way, so a,s to
-extend westwards over the altar. The west door is Pel'pendioular,
PROQEEDINGS, 1913. lxxvii.
and ahove it is a two-light window 0£ the same date, while high up
in the gable is a circula1· cinquefoiled window of Decorated date,
singularly vlaced n little to the right of tl1e centre. The pulpit is
Jacobean, and has the old hour-glass stand attached.
Both church nnd churchyard contain grave slabs of local ironstone,
one 0£ which in the floor of the church, dated 1620, has some
curious divisions 0£ words, such as the " w h " of "who" being in
one line and the "o " in the next, and the "da" 0£ ·"day" finishing
in one line, and the "y" commencing the following one. Ironworks
appear to have existed formerly in this parish.
PROQEEDINGS, 1913. lxxvii.
CHIDDINGSTONE.
Hal£ an hour was all too short a time for a close inspection of
the church of Chiddingstone and the picturesque timber-houses opposite
the church. Moreover the chau:ffeur of one of the cars
unfortunately
missed his wa.y and arrived late. Like Cowden,
Chiddingstone
is mentioned in the Taxatio but not in
Doomsday. It is a fine building with a notable Perpendicular wet
tower, which has a stair-turret running up its full height, and is
capped with four clumpy crocketed pinnacles. The eastern face hns
three gnbles, 'and under the central one there are slight signs of the
Early English triplet of lancets, which existed before the insertion
of the late fourteenth century three-light window. The Early
English church must have been very similar in plan to that of W
est.erha.m, with nave a little longer, and probably with south
aisle to nave and C'hancel. The first alterations belong to the
Decorated period, dating about 1320 or 1380, to which date are to
be assigned the east and west windows
of the south ('.hapel and
aisle, and also the west window of the north a.isle, indicating that
the north a.isle was built at that period. The principal
remodelling of the church whereby, as at Westerham, the
ar<.'ades of the nave and chancel were made continuous
from
west to east, seems to have been carried out at an earlier date,
but in more. drastic manner than at Wester ham, no signs of the
earlier work or of its walling above the arcade being left. The
whole of the old arcades and walls above them were taken
down and rebuilt. The only indication of the original width of the
Early English chancel is seen on either side in a little bit of walling,
to which the responds are attached a.t the extreme east end. A.
peculiar feature is seen in the angle-buttress which these b.nilders
e:rect(3d a,t the sotith-ea.st a.ngle of the chancel. Insteacl
· 1xxviii PROCEEDINGS, 1913.
of placing at the usual angle of 45°, they inclined it a little to the
enst, presumably to avoid interfering with the light of the fine
Decorated window at the east end of the adjoining chapel. The
date of all this wor]c, Mr. Livett, with some hesitntion, placed in
the latter part of the fourteenth century. The scroll mouldings
of the abnci of the capitals of the arcades, and the roll-mouldings
of the bases, suggest Decorated influence. The north chapel,
originally built i11 the earlier pa.rt of the fourteenth century, was
enlarged in the Tudor period, and to the same period belong the
four centred roofs of the nave and its aisles and all the windows
in the side walls. The weather-course of the earlier roof of higher
pitch is plainly visible on the east wall qf the tower exterior. The
south chapel retains its earlier roof. The south porch is probably
vf the date of its sun-dial, 1626, and forms an interesting example
0£ a mixture of Renaissance and Gothic forms. The pulpit and
font, with its cover, are Jacobean. The communion rails date
from the time of Archbisl10p Laud probably. A brass chandelier
is dated 1726, and there are grave slabs of ironstone, one of which
is inscribed as follows :-
" Loe here the copes of Richard Streatfeilde Greene in
yeres But ripe in faith and fruits yet eene God hath his
Sov le. 'l'his towne his fame, the poor a portion large of all
his worldly ,;toore. Vivit Post Funera virtus. Obiit 15 die
Septemb1·is cmno 1601, cctatis sue 40."
By the courtesy of the tenants, Mr. and Mrs. Chandler, the
members were enabled to view the old timber-houses opposite the
church, and a few paid a hasty visit to the " chidingstone " in
the park. This mass of rock is a natural feature, belonging to
the Tunbridge ·w e1ls sands (the highest stratum 0£ the Hastings
sands), very similar in formation to Han·ison's Rocks and Toad
Rock, near Tunbridge "\Vells. The hand of man seems to have cut
some rude steps upon it, and a. hole in the top, and many legends
have become attached to it. There is nothing to support the
local belief that it was planted here by Druids, but it is not
unlikely that our heathen forefathers regarded it with reverence.
The laws of King Edgar enjoined " that every priest zealously
promote christianity and totally extinguish every heathenism, and
forbade well-worshipings, tree· worshipings and stone-worshiping1:1."
The belief that prominent natural features were invested with
!!pirits died hard. Mo1·eover, such objects continued £or many
PROCEEDINGS, 1918. lxxix
centuries to form the meeting places for the administration of
local affairs. It may be conjectured that the first part of the
place-name is the patl·onymic of the early settlers.
PROCEEDINGS, 1918. lxxix
HEYER.
The two parties met at Hever Church. This is a small but
interesting church, mentioned in the "Textus l{o:ffeusis," but
bearing no signs of Norman date other than in its simple plan. A
narrow north aisle was added apparently in the thirteenth century
there is a small wiudow at the west end which bas been blocked up.
The arcade of three arches has plain circular columns. 'l'he tooling,
however, of t,he voussoirs seems to point to the fourteenth century,
and there is a fourteenth century squnre-lieadeointment,
ae< joint Editors, of Mr. Leland L. Duncan, F.S.A., and Major
F. Lambarde, J?.S.A. The names of these gentlemen were adopted
by the Council as those they would submit to the General Meeting
for election.
A grant of £2 2s. was made to the Rev. J. S. :ff. ChambPrlain towards
the cost of p1·inting the ancient parish registers of Staplehurst.
var.,. XXXI,
9
lxx:rii PROCEEDINGS, 1914.
The Hon. H. Hannen drew attention to the dilapidated condition
of a £ne set of eighteenth-century chairs in the Society's rooms at
Maidstone. The chairs, he said, were of very considerable value,
and should be either sold or entrusted to a competent workman for
repair. After some discussion, in which the general opinion
appeared to be that on no account should the chairs be alienated,
the Council decided that the chairs should be submitted to an expert
for advice as to the best methods for their preservation and repair.
A Report was presented by the ,Joint Committee of the Kent
Archaiological Society and British Records Society, in which the
cost of compiling and printing the :first volume of a Calendar of
the ancient Wills preserved in the District Probate Office was
estimated at £80, towards which £54 14s. had been promised.
The Council agreed to make the second moiety of their grant of
£20, namely, £10 payable in 1914, contingent on the work being
completed and the wliole of the said sum of £80 being in band.
The following new members were elected: Right Hon. Earl
Beauchamp, K.G., Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, General Sir
Charles Warren, G.C.M.G., Miss A. Hammond, Miss T. Rosher,
Miss Gibson, Rev .•J . A. ·Fonest, Messrs. S. A. Clarke, Vv. H.
MacMahon and J. N. T. Vache]!. Pass books were produced and
cheques drawn.
June 3rd, 1914,. The Council met at the Coburg Hotel,
London; after luncheon kindly provided by the President. Lord
Northbourne was in the Chair. Eighteen members were present.
Mr. Leland Duncan reported that he had received from the
authorities of the Victoria and Albert Museum copies of photographs
of the Stodmarsh wall paintings, with permission to
reproduce the same in Arcll(eologia Oantiana. The Hon. Secretary
was directed to convey to the Museum authorities the thanks of the
Society. The Dean of Canterbury, V.P., said that the Cathedral
would be open t.o the inspection of the members of the British and
Kent Archreological Societies on the occasion of their proposed
joint Congress in July ; and further drew attention to the
dilapidated condition of the Christ Church gate, and expressed
the hope that the Societies might belp the work of repair both by
contributing to the Chapter fund and by giving expe1·t advice.
'l'he President proposed that Mr. Strange of South Kensington
be asked to come to Maidstone £or the purpose 0£ inspecting the
eighteenth-cent1,1ry ()hairs in the SoGiety's :roo,;ns1 and i:i,dvising as to
PROCEEDINGS, 1914. lxxxiii
the best method of repairing the same. 'l'hjs was agreed to, and
the matter was left in thROIJE'.EDINds, 1914.
body of archmologists, but also as a society which was promotng
the very best national and public sentiment.
The proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to the Dean for
presiding.
1'uesday, July 14th. The membe1·s made an excursion by
motor-cars to Dover, stopping en ro·ute at Patrixbourne, Bridge and
Barfreston. At Patrixbourne Church the visitors were welcomed
by the Rector (Rev. H. Knight), and Mr. Keyser described the
chief features of the church, drawing especial attention to the
beautiful south doorway of late Norman work, with its elaborately
carved tympanum and richly wrought mouldings.
The next stopping-place was Bridge Church, which, although
rebuilt in 1859, still retains some relics of the earlier church,
notably the two Norman doorways, now inserted respectively at the
west end and on the east side of the vestry.
Within tbe chancel and on the north wall there is a very
remarkable series of figure subjects carved in stone. These are
arranged in two tiers, and appear to represent Our Lord in Majesty,
with the symbols of the Evangelists in the u pper row, while below
are the following scenes from Old Testament history, viz., the
temptation of Adam and Eve, in which the serpent is shewn
with a human head, the expulsion from Paradise, the sacrifices
of Cain and Abel, and Cain killing Abel. There is au inscribed
label beneath each subject, but in the defective light these could
not be read except in the case of the subject representing the
Sacl'ifices, Dolor Oane. Vestiges of colour remain, and the whole
series of carvings are surmounted by a semi-circular moulding,
which gives tbe appearance of a tympanum. to the carved work
within. It is, however, perhaps more likely that the figures once
formed part of an altar-piece, and that in the days of the
Reformation they were removed from their original position, but
on account o their Biblical character were saved from destruction .
They do not antedate the fifteenth century.
The motors then conveyed the pat·ty to Bar£reston Church,
where the Rector (Rev. A. W. Dowse), after briefly describing the
chief architectural features, made way £or Mr. Keyser, who gave a
detailed account of the carvings of the magnificent south doorway1
which he characterised as one of the finest specimens of late
Norman work in the country. Mr. Keyser stated that when the
church was re.stored in 1840 some very earlr mural paintins were
l>IU1CEEl)INGS, 1914. lxxxvii
d.iscovered in the chancel; these had since disappeared, but
drawings of them were preserved in the library of the Society of
Antiquaries at Burlington House.
Progress was then made to Dover, where, after a very brief inspection
of the Maison Dieu, the party proceeded to Dover College,
where the :Rev. F. de '.V. Lushington, the headmaster, described the
remains of the Beuedictine Priory 0£ St. Martin, now forming part
.of the school buildings.
After luncheon the castle, and church of St. Mary-in-Castro
were visited, the latter under the guidance of General Sir Charles
Warren, G.C.M.G., l!'.R.S., who described it as a Saxon building,
with additions made in Norman times. From the castle the motors
conveyed the party to the church of St. Margaret at Cliffe, which
was described by Colonel Kavanagh. The church is of late Norman
date. '!'races, however, of an earlier church were revealed in the
course of excavations carried out in 1913, when large blocks of
masonry-possibly of Saxon date-were found below the wall
of the sanctuary. 'l'hat a church was in existence here in the
eleventh century is testified to by the Domesday Survey, which
mentions the church Sancta Margareta. 'l'be fine western doorway,
with its thirteeu sculptured figures arranged in groups of
three and two, representing Our Lord and the twelve Apostles, was
described by Mr. Keyser.
After partaking 0£ tea in the vicarage garden by kind invitation
of the Rev. R. B. and Mrs. Smythe, the party returned to
Canterbury via Mongeham, Staple and Wingham.
l>IU1CEEl)INGS, 1914. lxxxvii
Wednesday, July 15th. Richborough and Sandwich were the
objectives on this day, a halt being made en route at the church of
St. Nicholas at .Ash, where Mr. R. H. Goodsall read the following
paper:-
Mr. Goodsall said: The parish church of St. Nicholas, Ash
next Sandwich, is of generous proportion. As will be seen, it consists
of a nave, choir, with a large side chapel on the north,
northern and southern transepts, and a lofty tower over the
crossing.
Before considering the architectural details of the building
it may be well to give a brief historical introduction. The church
doubtless occupied a site used for divine worship at a very early date.
Locally there is a tradition that ou the site originally stood an
. altar or temple of the Druids, but as far as one can gather
rlxxxviii PROCEEDINGS, 1914.
there is not the slightest scra.p of evidence to support this theory.
At the same time, of colll'se, this does not prove that the tradition
is wrong; indeed the spot overlooking the surrounding plain of
marsh is just the position one would expect to find pre-historic
remains.
The original church was built probably in Norman or possibly
in late Saxon times. Of this earlier church nothing now remains
above ground, but extensive remains of foundations, apparently of
early date, luwe been found on the north side of the Molland chancel.
The earliest pi,rts of the present building date from the htter
part of the twelfth century or perhaps the early years of the
thirteenth.
The plan shews the building as it now stands, with the walls
batched or blacked in to indicate the various periods, as far as one
is able to judge, to which they belong. Comparing this with the
building you will notice that the chu1·ch contains a nave, divided by
an area.de from the northern aisle, north and south transepts
divided by the tower, and a choir, which be it noted is inclined to
the south, and a north-eastern chapel. The inclination of the choir
to the remaining part of the building is au interesting but not
uncommon feature. For example, it may be noticed to a very
marked degree in Canterbury Cathedral, especially when standing
in the Triforium gallery at the extreme east of the church. 'I1hat
the arrangement was intentional on the part of the workers there
can be no doubt; probably it was symbolical. 'I1he inclination is
always towat'ds the right or south, and often, particularly here at
Ash, of snch marked extent that it cannot be accounted for by
assuming that it represents an error io setting out the buildings.
In addition to the monuments, brasses, and other features 0£
architectural interest, there are one or two points about the plan
which demand very careful consideration. In the fhst place there
is evidence that a tower stood at the north-west angle of the nave,
and secondly, quite a casual inspection 0£ the south wall of the nave
will shw that at some time it has taken the place of an arcade, in
other words that the arches have been walled up.
The question naturally arises, when were these alterations made
and why, a11d what was tbe plan of the former building, and to this
coJ1Sideration I propose to devote a few words. The walling
extern{l.lly is of flint, and it is difficult to differentiate between
examples of this work of varying dates, consequently it is impossible
to apply this test as to the age of various parts of the building.
'
' :
: '
'
:.:::::·---
-i,tan
,.,ortq J\isle
i j $itr of
J l .s-outl)_.;tsk_
£ • ,. ..
- lnn•ft,o\\al goymo.n
- <@'.$\"l. C!rnU$"1J
- -Jtt6pt\\ieula\'
R H G 0 •v1'1\
R,111 {(Sf
\Ind ,<,wi,e.
llROCEEDINGS, 1914.
Nevertheless there al'e indications, which will be apparent to those
who have studied this question of walling, th:lt the north-west angle,
above which the old tower stood, is probably the oldest part of the
present structure. As the exterior does not greatly help us to
determine the date, we have perforce to turn to the interior for
information. Ju places we notice Ca.en-stone has been used. This
is an indication of early date, probably Nornmn, aud one may tentatively
assign to this part of the work a date not later than 1180.
After a careful examination I am inclined to think that the
walling of the original tower sub-structure, that is to say, the
north-west angle, is the oldest part of the work, and probably the
walling of the not·th transept is of similar date.
At various times the flint work has been refaced, but nevertheless
there is a marked similarity between the two parts. In both
the use of complete stones and not !mapped flints will be remarked,
and the very characteristic use of narrow bricks, or more correctly
thick tiles, possibly Roman, here and there throughout the work.
It is hardly necessary for me to say that the vestry and room over
are modern ad,ditions, carried out, I understand, about sixty or
seventy years ago.
11
0 the north the Molland chancel, or chapel, appears from a
survey of the flint work outside to be of somewhat later date than
the transept and western end of the present north aisle. 'l'he
south wall of the nave has the appearance of later work; and it
will be noticed when outside that two arches with their supports,
piers, or columns have been built up or into the wall. This can
only suggest one thing, namely, that at some period there was a
building beyond the present south wall divided by this arcading
from the present nave. I shall speak of this, however, more in
detail later. I might just mention, however, that the two windows
in the spaces below these arches are modern, and not rei,torations.
In the south transept we are confronted with anothet· difficulty,
namely, that this part of the building was apparently restored
during the early seventeenth century, £or it will be noticed that
on the external walls, built into the :flintwork, are a number of
stones bearing inscriptions and dates of this period, doubtless the
attempts of worthy churchwardens to commemorate their own
names in connection with repairs to the fabric. As the walls of
the south transept have been almost entirely rebuilt, we can lea.rn
nothing as to the nature ot: the adjoining part of the church, which
-must have existed tp the westward. The fine central tower was
xc PROCEEDINGS, 1914.
put into the building bodily from the foundation late in the fifteenth
century, and its erection probably extended over a considerable
number of years. Even in rnedireval times there was often difficulty
in obtaining church funds, hence building operations were often
held up.
We will now consider a point of some difficulty, namely, the
substructure of a tower at the western end of the present no1·th
aisle. ARsuming that this was the site of the original tower, what
was its relation to the chur<.:h? Did the original building follow
the general rule of tower, nave, chancel, na1·row and long, as found
in churches of early date?
It is, I think, not improbable that the present archway between
the north aisle and the northern transept represents the original
chancel arch, at any rate the site if not the actual work. 1£ such
be the case, the present northern transept sfands on the position
of the original chancel, and the Molland chapel is a later addition.
Subsequently, when the needs 0£ the parish increased and funds
were forthcoming, the present nave and chancel were added, and
the original nave and chancel became a.isle and transept. This
would be quite a re:..sonable evolution were it not for the fact that
the remains of at'cading in the southern wall point to a different
conclusion altogether.
As far as can be seen from the outside, the pier and shaft
supporting the two pointed arches are of the same date as the
similar shafts between the north ais1e and nave; consequently the
building beyond, whatever it may have been, must have dated from
the same period.
1£ the original church followed the simple plan mentioned, it is
impossible for it to have had a southern transept or chapel, such as
this must have been, extending across the present nav e to the
extremity 0£ the present south transep t.
A. much more possible theory is that the original church was
entirely demolished with the exception of the western tower, and a
late Norman or transitional Early .English structure took its place,
the date being about 1200 A.D. This would mean that the north
aisle, nave and the demolished south chapel were all of the same
period.
'.rhe poiuted arches 0£ the nave are of this date, and they are of
the same sii;e aud shape, with hood mouldiugs on both faces. It
will be noticed that there are responds at either abutments, and
that the western eud has a corbel iu place of a shaft. The two
ASH CHURCH FROM THE SOUTH-WEST,
PROCEEDINGS, 1914.
\,
XCI
shafts are dissimilar .below the cap monldins, which are alike,
except that the material in each case is Kentish rag; the small one,
however, has certainly been inserted probably at the time the
central tower was built. The larger stones correspond in size to
those uaed elsewhere in the alteration. In passing, it is interesting
to note the small uiehes and corbels on each pier, which probably
contained small images.
On the south wall at the west there is a :fifteenth-century
window and two modern ones in the built-up arcade. The stone
inside, as before mentioned, is Ca.en, a sign of early date. If this be
correct it will be apparent that the .Norman church must have
been of considerable size-larger than one would expect to :find.
Possibly the church was cruciform in plan and had a central tower
-an expedient not infrequently resorted to, to overcome the
difficulties of roofing the intersection. 'rhe fifteenth-century tower
has, of course, entirely eliminated all traces of this if it ever
existed.
A third suggestion that has been put forward to account for the
substructure of the north-west tower, is that the work was commenced,
a.ncl. then for some reason never completed. It may have
been for lack of funds or a desire to make a more preteutious
addition in the shape of a central tower.
I have previously referred to the arch between the aisle and the
north transept. The late Mr. J. R. Planche, in his History of the
parish ( .Lt. Oorne,• of Kent), suggests that the arch is, perhaps ,
thirty years later than those in the nave. Personally I am inclined to
think it contemporary. If it be later, the transept which formerly
went by the name of the Chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr must
have been au addition to the aisle. The south pier was rebuilt with
a different impost moulding, probably at the time that the central
tower was inserted, and this alterat,ion converted the chapel into a
Northern transept proper.
Until 1863 the organ stood in the transept. When it was
removed, traces of fresco paintings were found on the walls ;
unfortunately owing to damp the.;ie were in a ve1·y b.i,d state.
During the restor11tio11 of the tra.nBept a sooue coffin of the
thi1·teeuth century was discovered, haviug an .ove1·lapping lid of
great weight. 'l'his is now in the no1·th chancel. 'l'be arch between
the north transept and the north or lVIolland chancel is of
foUl'teenth-century workmanship.
Prior to 1840 this chapel was used as a sch.9lroom, and was
PRodrnnrNGs, l914.
divided from the transept by a wooden partition. This accounts
£or the shamefu1 mntilation of the two corbels above the wood
screen on either side of the arch. The corbels are in the shape of
human heads, and the hair is arra11ged in a manner peculiar to the
time of King Edward I. and II.
'rhe fine oak sct·een now occupying the open space bas
apparently been removed from some other part of the church.
Originally it must have been rather highe.r, and was cut down to
its present size to fit the opening. It will be noticed that each
mullion is cut through above the bar panelling; the doors which
occupied the ceutral bay are now in the tower. These of c-ourse
are larger in height than the present opening, and were apparently
discarded when the remainder of the sereen ,vas mutilated.
Probably the original site or the screen was under the rood loft.
Its date is apparently 0£ the sixteenth century. In 166:3 an entry
in the church accounts records that a painter was paid £or work on
the " screeues."
The north chancel was originally ca11ed St. Nicholas Chancel,
and the remains of early thirteenth-centuq work, 0.q., the stringcourses,
etc., shew that patt of the original walling is incorporated
in the later work. At the east end the string-courses are sur•
mounted by a modern window. 'l'he windows on the north aide
are copies of the original ones.
The fine tomb 0£ 6£teenth-century work I sha11 speak about
later. The piscina is 0£ similar date and of good design. The
restored priest's door communicates with the main or southern
chancel, sometimes called the Guilton Chancel. On either side of
the small door the wall is pierced with arches, those o n the west
being the most important. The quoins, jambs, mouldings, etc., are
of ragstone. In the south wall is a trefoil-headed piscina with
rounded corbels of early thirteenth-century workmanship. Abova
is a lancet-headed window 0£ the same period, beside it an aumbry
and two other windows of .Jater dates, one on each side of the
priest's door, which is modern.
The south transept appears to have undergone considerable
repairs in the year 1675, as the stone on the external walls bear
witness; · At one time there ma.y have been a gallery in this
transept, for there is evidence of a built-up doorway from the
turret staircase to the towet· about twelve feet up, to be seen ou
the inside.
I have remarked previously that the towe1• is of fifteenth-century
ASH. CHURCH,-INTERIOR.
PROCEEDINGS, 1914. :,cciii
workmanship, and not a particularly good example of the late
Perpendicular style. It was apparently built at three different
periods, one stage at a time, and wns inserted in the building from
the foundation upwards. The south chapel or aisle had been
demolished prior to this. The piers are unique for the size of the
stones, which in some cases are as much as six feet long, £our feet
wide, and two feet thick. These dimensions for Kent ragstone are
abnormal, and truly remarkable. A particularly interesting point
not hitherto noticed, I believe, is the remarkable series of ma.sons'
marks to be found on these stones. They are particularly numerous
on the south-west pier, and in tbis case they take the form of an
arrow with only half the head, which alternates on one side and
then the other on different stones.
On the north-e21.st pier the marks are more difficult to find, but
are more elaborate, and often consist of ft cross within n circle.
The present ring of bells in the tower only date from 1791, when
£161. ls. 9d. was paid for casting a new peal; but Bryan Fausett,
the antiquary, has recorded that in 1760 he found five bells in the
belfry dated from 1581 to 1641. With regard to the tombs and
brasses, the most ancient monumental effigy in the chut·ch (marked
H on the accompanying plan) is that which occupies the arch
between the chancel and the Molland chapel. It is that of a
knight cross-legged, aud is supposed to represent Sir .John de
Gosliall, who Jived dul'ing the reign of Edward III. Fl'om tlie
character of the costume, however, one would be inclined to a.scribe
it to the time of the first Edward, and it may be that it should be
attributed to Sir Henry de Goshall. Below the effigy of the k11ight
is one of his lady, and in this case also the costume bears out the
assumption of the earlier date.
The female effigy is of ruder workmanship than that of the
knight, and it has suffered considerably from ill-treatment as well
as time. The distinctive features of the costume are of the
thirteenth or early £ou1·teenth century. The other monument in the
north wall of the chan9el (B on plan) is probably that of Sir
John Leverick, Knight, c. 1350, who is represented in a higbly
ornamental suit of plate armour. 'rhe legs of the figure are
crossed and rest on a lion, the head of which is remarkable £or its
]j£elike expression. Thre is a great similarity between this effigy
and one iu St. Peter's Church, Sandwich.
A remarkable feature of the Molland or St. Nicholas chancel is
the fine 11,lta.r-tomb at the oorth-ea.st angle of the building (C on plan).
xciv
'
PROCEEDINGS, 1914.
It is of characteristic: fifteenth-century workmanship, and the
effigies represent John Septvans, E$q., who served under King
Henry VI., and his wife Catherine.
The male figure is in fuli military costume of the middle of the
fifteenth century, consisting of a complete suit of plate armour,
with elegantly-designed knee and elbow pieces. Round his neck is
a collar of SS denoting his mark of Esquire of the body of the
Sovereign. The hair is cut close above the ears, a fashion introduced
at the beginning of the fifteenth century. The head,
represented partially bald, reposes on a tilting helmet supported
by angels and SUl'mounted by a torse or wreath. 'l'he feet of the
effigy rest upon a couchant lion.
The lady is represented in the dress of a noble widow, barbed
above the chin with an angle veil and wearing a kirtle with tight
sleeves buttoned at the wrist, over which is a very full-skirted
surcoat, reaching in graceful folds to the feet, and itself surmounted
bjr a. mantle of state with cords and tassels dependent. 'rhere is
some uncertainty about this memorial, for all traces of armorial
bearings have disappeared.
It has been suggested that these effigies do not belong to the
altar-tomb on which they are placed; and from tbe awkward
manner in which the tomb is built into the wall it is not improbable
that it originally occupied some other position in the church.
Another theory suggested, not without reason, is that this memorial
was originally in Sittiugbourne Church.
The church is particularly rich in brasses. In the high chancel,
almost in the centre of the floor, a fine brass, now much mutilated,
of the fifteenth century commemorates :Richard Clitherow of Ash
and his wife. Only the upper part of the figure of the lady now
rema ins. Next the above is another good brass in a better state 0£
pret1ervation repre11enting Jane Kerriel. On the floor of tbe
Melland chapel is a large brass iu tolerable state of preservation
commemorating Christopher Septvans, alias Harfleet, of Molland
and his wife, and the well-preserved effigies of Walter their son,
and his wife. In the south transept there are two brasses, one of
which represents the figures of a man and woman in the costume
of the early part of the sixteenth century, but the inscription is
imperfect, the Christian names William and Anne his wife on ly
being preserved.
R10:u:nonouGn CASTLE.-A heavy shower of rain made the
inspection o.f this famous Roman stt\tion 1:>olnew bat difficult; £ew
PROCEEDINGS, 1914. XCV
of the ladies attempted tbe wet and muddy walk along the trackway
leading to the caatle. Nevertheless a certain number of
stalwarts assembled within the walls and listened to a. brief descriptive
address delivered by Lord Northbourne. The adverse
conditions made a prolonged stay impossible, a circumstance the
more regrettable owing to the fact that the 1'ecent excavations
conducted under the auspices of the Boa.1·d of Works have revealed
much that has hitherto been concealed from view.
SANDWICII.-After luncheon at the Bell Hotel the pilgrims
di,,ided into two parties, the first under the conductorship of
Mr. Keyser visiting the churches, and the second, with the Rev.
P. H. Ditclrfield as guide, making an inspection of the " Old
House" in Strand Street by kind permission of the owner, W. F.
Mackmirkan, Esq., and of Mauwood Court, formerly the Free
Grammar School of the tow11, where they were received by Mr.
and Mrs. Raggett, the present ovrne1·s. Mr. Raggett said that
the house was built in 1563-4 by Roger Manwood, a native of
Sandwich, who became one of the Barons of the Exchequer, and
died at Hales Place in the parish of Hackington, where his effigy
may still be seen in the church of St. Stephen near Canterbury.
1'he site was given by the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury,
and the school endowed with lands by Manwood, who obtained the
royal licence for his foundation and leave to call it by his own
name. New school buildings have been e1·ected on the eastern
side of the town within recent memory, but the fabric of the old
school-house has been repaired and all vestiges of antiquity reverently
preserved.
Those of the visitors who made a tour to the three churches
were received at St. Peter's by the Rector, Rev. B. W. Day, who
read some notes on the architecture and monumental effigies of the
building prepared by Dr. C. Cotton, who unfortunately was unable
to be present. At St. Clement's and St. Mary's the Rev. O. D.
Bruce Payne, Rector, acted as guide, and the same gentleman
acted in a like capacity at the chapel attached to the hospital of
St. Bartholomew. 1'he members then drove to Betteshanger,
where they were entertained to tea by Lord and Lady Northbourne
before returning to Canterbury.
Thursday, July 16th.-Tbe members motored to Hythe, paying
a visit en 1·oute to the church of SS. Mary and Ethelburga,
Lyminge, where the Rev. 0, Eveleigh Wood.ruff descnbed the
XCVl PROCEDINGS, 1914
church and the foundations of the earlier Snxon church in the
churchyard (see .A.rcliceologia Oantiana, Vol. :X:XX., p. lvi).
The next place visited was Saltwood Castle, by kind permission
of Mrs. Deedes. At very short notice it was ably described by the
Rev. Canon A. J. Galpin, Rector of Saltwoorl, who also acted as
guide at Saltwood Church.
Progress was then made to the church of St. Leonard, Hythe,
wl1ere the Vicar, the Rev. H. D. Dale, gave a lucid description of
the building. [Mr. Dale's notes on the church, and the Rev.
G. M. Livett's exhaustive description of its architecture, are published
in A1·ch<1Jolo.ological
Society.
General Sir Charles ·w arreu then read a very interesting Pape1·
on" The Hig11Ways of Primitive Man iu Kent." After some preliminary
remarks on the physical featur·es and geological formations
of East Kent, Sir Charles W :wl'en classed the primitive
highways of the county under two hen.,
1912,
87 19 6
56 2
i; .«. d.
:W 0 0
40 0 0
(i 12 u
5 19 0
30 18 9
2 0 0
5 12 6
0 14 6
20 0 0
ra 2 6
8 17 0
al 17
9(i 0
-./.,
.£281 13 4
'SOCIETY.
for Year ended 81st December 1012. etr.
£ ,t. d. £ - d.
By Annul\! Subscriptions :-
Arrears to 1911 ........... ............................... 21 10 0
360 Members at 10s. (1912) ........................... 176 0 0
,, Entrance Fees ............................................... .
,, Life Composition (to be separately invested) ..... .
,, Sale of Publica.tion.s ...................................... .
,, Deposit Interest from Maidstone Bank .............. .
,, Dividends on Console ..................................... ..
,, Miscellaneous Receipts :-
Subscriptions overpaid ................................ .
Unexplained Receipt ................................ .
0 9 0
l O 0
196 10 0
18 10 0
10 0 0
8 10 0
5 0 0
41 14 4
1 9 0
/
£281 13 4
CVl KENT AltOii..EOLOGiOAt
LIABILITIE.
Sundl'y Creditors :-
Corporation of Maidstone-for rent of Library
accrued ............................................... .
.A.ccounta.ncy, 191 l ................................... .
i\'litohell Hughes and Clarke ........ .............. .
W. H. Keeley and Son ..................... .......... ..
Provision for otb.er outstanding Accounts
Annual Subscriptions paid in advance
Research Fund, as per last Balance Sheet ............. ..
A.ccumula.ted Fund :-
B ala1ice Sheet a-t
£ ,. d,, £ s. tl.
16 0 0
5 12 6
20 17 6
3 15 3
6 0 0
---- 60 5 3
6 10 0
39 6 9
Bala.nee as per la.st Balance Sheet .................. 2814. 6
Add Ex:cess of Income over Expenditure for
the year .............................................. ..
W . J. KING .L'fD SON,
Oha1·t1•r,J, Accm111tantt,
G&A.VEB&NJ).
1!112.
96 0 l
---- 2910 1 7
.!3006 3 7
SOCIE'l'Y.
31st Decenwer 1912.
ASSE'rs.
·Cash in hands of Honorary Secretary .................... .
,, at Maidstone Bank :Current
Account
Deposit Account
,, at Canterbury Bank:-
·cvii
etr.
£ .. d. J:, .,. d.
0 .J. 2
239 2 J l
200 0 0
Current Account ....................................... 168 HJ (i
6U8 G 7
lt11·estment in Conaols :-
£ l 75ti !ls. 8d. taien at 75 1317 O 0
. .
Dividends accrued t•o ,ith October Hl12, not
c11ll eut.ed ..... ......................................... .. 70 7 0
Library and Colleution at the Maidstone Museum ...... 1000 0 0
Sundry Debtors :-
Rochester Records ..................................... .. ll O 0
Sale of Publications .................................. .. 7 !O U
10 10 0
:£8006 3 7
ACCOUNTS
AND
BALANCE SHEETS
FROM 1ST .JANUARY 191 TO 31ST DECEMBER 1913.
.. '
cvm ltEN'f ARCHOtOGlCA.t
ilr. Income and Expenditure .A.ccount
To Rent of Library and Council Chamber at Maidstone
........................................................ .
,, Cura tor's Salary ................................... ......... .
,, Porter's Wages ............................................... .
,, Fire and Employers' Lia.bility Insurance ........... .
,, Printing, Stationery, etc., including Honorary
Secretary's disbursements for Postages,
Sta.ti.onery, etc. . ..................................... .
,, Archreologioa.l Congress .............. , .................... .
,, Accounta.ncy :-
W. J. King and Son, Fee and Disbursements,
1912 ·················""" .............................. .
,, Honorary T,ocal Secr,H aries' Disbursements ........ .
,, Mitchell Hughes and 8 i,
200 0 0
Current Account .. ... ... ... . .... . ... ... ... ..... . .. . .... 20:! 1 !I
Investment in Consols :-
,t I iii6 9,Y. Sd. taken at 7i> .. ........................... .
Dividends accrued to 5th October 1913, not collected
.................................................. .
Library and Collection at the Maidstone Must:lum ...
Fi re Insurance paid in advance ............................ ..
!iii JO 2
J,l)i O 0
101 6 1 I
1000 0 0
8 7 6
.;;.....-------------------------
£299 4 7
