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PLATE I.
( 167 )
ST. LEONARDS, DEAL.
NOTES ON ITS ARCHITECTURE TOGETHER WITH
THE HATCHMENTS AND ITS POST-REFORMATION
HISTORY.
BY sm GERALD WOODS WOLLASTON, K.O.B., K.O.V.O., GARTER
KING OF ARMS, THE REV. 0. EVELEIGH WOODRUFF
AND W. P. D. STEBBING, F.S.A.
ALTHOUGH this church is fairly well known, no detailed
description of it seems to have appeared in print, while
Sir Stephen Glynn's account in his N o-tes on the Okurche,s of
Kent, 1877, is very inadequate. The authors now deal with
its important series of Hatchments, with a number of PostReformation
documents and inscriptions illustrating its
adaptation for congregational and other purposes, preserved
among the Canterbury Cathedral archives and in the church;
and add an introduction on its architecture, and its evolution
as a building.1
Mr. Geo:ffry Lucas, F.S.A., has been kind enough to
allow his plan to be reproduced (Plate I).
The church from existing work is seen to consist of a
transitional Norman nave of c. 1180, originally of three bays
with a clearstory, and with narrow aisles: these in the later
thirteenth century were rebuilt on a grander scale with angle
buttresses, and with N. and S. doorways. The plan of 1820
(Plate ITI) shows a S. porch. This has now disappeared.
The chancel seems to be the original transitional structure
but with thirteenth century alterations. There was a tower
in the twelfth century but this fell in the seventeenth century
(see p. 182), and was replaced in 1686 by the present brick
towe r. For its early history there are structural problems
1 The Oa.thedraJ documents h ave been referred to by Mr. Woodruff
in Arch. Oant., VoL XLI. (1929), "The Records of the Courts of the
Archdeaconry a.nd Consistory of Canterbury," pp. 90 and 92.
168 ST. LEONA.RDS, DEAL.
which still require elucidation. The pointed late twelfth
century chancel arch has a simple roll moulding on its outer
edge, and is carried on plain corbelled-out brackets which
normally must have replaced the twelfth century responds.
The S. aisle extends to the W. almost as far as the W.
face of the tower, and is continued to the E. as a chapel
without any interior structural division except for the seventeenth
century beamed and celled roof. There is a :fifteenth
century piscina, with a shelf, in the chapel. This is set within
a depressed arch and has a square, hollow-moulded surround.
The chapel opens on to the chancel by a simple moulded
arch, without capitals, of the first half of the fourteenth
century. The north aisle extends 7 ft. to the east of the
respond and communicates mth the chancel by a 2 ft. mde
depressed-headed fifteenth century doorway, cut through the
wall antl skewed to the east. As the east wall of this aisle
is original work this doorway was probably made for access by
the priest to the aisle altar, and not to a sacristy. The oak
door seems to be contemporary. The other original features
of the chancel include a double sedilia with wide seats, the
eastern one stepped up and with a trefoil head, the western
and wider one with a pointed head carried higher. Dwarf
columns with Purbeck marble shafts divide the seats and
finish the angles of the openings. To the east is a low pointed
headed and moulded recess carried down to the floor. In it
stands a piscina in the form of a Norman octagonal shaft
carved with a chevron moulding, and with elaborately carved
cushion capital. The only other Norman piscina in Kent is
at Ryarsh. In the east wall of the chancel on the north side
is a fourteenth century niche with a cusped ogee head, and,
in the north wall, an aumbry with a stilted segmental head
and reveal for door. The niche probably held a statue of
St. Leonard. Benet Doddyn, Rector, was buried before it
in 1530 (Testamen-ta Oantiana).
The nave arcade, possibly through the fall of the tower
{for the evidence of this see p. 182}, now shows only the
western pair of its four piers, although the spring• of the
arches to west and east remain but incorporated in the wide
ST. LEONARDS, DEAL. 169
segmental aroh that spans the space. The piers are typical
transitional work of about 1180 with feet ornaments and
scalloped cushion capitals with imposts. They, as well as
the eastern responds, stand on high plinths.
The square edged arches are slightly pointed, and are
carried on the west wall by square imposts on corbelled-out
bracketing. The eastern responds are similar to the piers
except that the capitals have developed angle volutes and
an incipient foliage motif.
The nave has a
fifteenth century trussed
rafter roof with tie beams
and moulded wall plates.
A series of brackets possibly
had something to do
with a floored space in the
roof. A blocked opening
in the east gable, if not a
window may have been an
opening communicating
with a space over the
chancel.
The southern pier of
the arcade has scratched
MA.SON'S MARK ON TRANSITIONAL
on it two galleys with NORMAN J?IER (one of a number),
billowing sails : there ST. LEON ARDS, DEAL.
are also mason's marks
(some reversed or upside down) on the stones of the two
piers (mason's mortar board 1 see sketch). A Visitation Roll
of 1328 (Arck. Cant., Vol. XXXIII (1918), p. 85) states that
the church was much neglected. Is it possible that these
graffiti date from repairs undertaken after this 1
The most interesting memorial is a brass to Thomas
Boys who died in 1562, aged 60. He was for two years
Mayor of Calais, and in 1551 Captain of Deal Castle. He is
represented in armour kneeling before a desk. On a scroll
level with his head is the motto " touiours prest," and below
a plate with a long inscription. The whole is framed in a
170 ST. LEONARDS, DE.AL.
slab of Purbeck marble carved with shafts with capitals
and bases supporting a trefoiled arch showing Renaissance
influence. At the east end of the chancel are two grave
slabs with small brasses, one under the Communion Table to
the infant daughter in swaddling clothes, of the Rev. Thomas
Consant, "I!son of Deale," who died a month old in 1606,
the other with a partly mutilated inscription to Thomas
Baker, '' otherwys callud [barbor]," his wife and four sons
and four daughters. He died in 1508 leaving money towards
the repair of the church (see p. 182). (Mill Stephenson and
Ralph Griffin, .A List of Monumental Brasses remaining
in the County of Kent in 1922. 1923.) There are a number
of other memorials to local worthies and rectors of the
parish, including one to John Coppin, first Mayor of Deal,
who died in 1721. The church is rich in hatchments
and these, described below by Garter King of Arms, commemorate
in heraldry a number of those whose memorials
grace the walls. An instance of the display of a hatchment
in the neighbourhood was at Ripple Court in 1873, on the
death of Caroline Mary, the daughter of Samson Towgood
Wynne French and the first wife of the late Colonel Joseph
Sladen.
THE HATOHMENTS.
The following notes were made by me for a lecture
which I gave in Deal two years ago. Since then, and
perhaps as a result of the interest aroused by my lecture,
the hatchments have been taken down, cleaned, and rehung.
They are now more easily discernible, but even so, it is not
easy, from the floor of the church, to be quite certain of all
the tinctures of the arms, especially when age has to some
extent a:f;fected the colours. Allowance, too, has always to
be made for the heraldic ignorance of local artists, whom 1
suspect of responsibility for some of the vagaries in the arms.
All these difficulties make a certain amount of guesswork
inevitable. In preparing my notes I made such searches to
identify the persons commemorated as reasonably lay to
my hand, but I do not pretend that such searches have been
ST. LEON.ARDS, DE.AL. 171
exhaustive, or that more information could not be obtained
by those interested.
IN THE SOUTH AISLE.
Two shields accolee :
(a) That to the dexter : '' .Argent on a chevron embattled
gules between 3 bears gambs erased and erect ermines as
many crescents erminois," a mullet sable charged with
another argent, for cadency. The shield encircled with the
order of the Bath with the Badge appendant.
(b) That to the sinister: the same arms impaling a
blank shield.
Crest. " Two bear's gambs supporting a crescent
erminois."
Supporters. "On either side a sailor holding a staff
proper flying therefrom a :flag argent charged with a cross
gules & in the dexter canton an anchor azure."
This is a hatchment set up to Admiral Sir Edward
Richard Harvey, G.C.B. He married Eliza Ann, the only
child of John Cannon of Middle Deal, and died May 4th, 1865.
He was third son of Captain John Harvey, R.N. (see below),
who was third son of Richard Harvey of Barfreston (hence the
oadency mark of a mullet on a mullet). Admiral Sir Edward
Harvey was born at Sandwich in 1783; became Lieutenant
R.N., 1802, Commander 1809, Rear-Admiral 1847, and ViceAdmiral
1854. From 1857-60 he was Commander-in-Chief
at the Nore. He became a full Admiral in 1860, was made a
K.C.B. on June 28th, 1861, and a G.C.B. on March 28th,
1865.
The arms and crest on the hatchment are those granted
to the family on .April 17th, 1802. It is an interesting fact
that there is no authority for the supporters. He became
entitled to bear supporters on his appointment as a G.C.B.,
but as he lived little more than one month afterwards, it is
probable that time did not admit of a grant of supporters
being made, and that those shown in the hatchment wei:e
intended to be granted to him, though the grant was not
made. His uncle, Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Harvey, K.B.,
172 ST. LEON.A.RDS, DEAL.
had a grant of supporters January 31st, 1800, one of them
being a sailor holding a staff with a banner of St. George
charged in the first quarter with a bear's gamb; the other
supporter being a griffin. Probably his nephew derived the
idea of the two sailors from the dexter supporter of his
uncle, with the difference of an anchor in place of the bear's
gamb.
2. Two shields as before.
(a) To the dexter: the arms of Harvey as above with
insignia of the Bath (K.C.B.).
(b) To the sinister : Harvey impaling " gules a chevron
between 3 boars heads couped or" (Bradley).
This is a hatchment of the arms of Admiral Sir John
Harvey, elder brother of Sir Edward Harvey above mentioned.
He was born at Sandwich in 1771 ; entered the navy and
became Captain 1795, Rear-Admiral 1813, Vice-Admiral
1825. He was made a K.C.B. in 1833, and became a full
Admiral in 1837. He married, in 1797, Elizabeth, daughter
of William Wyborn Bradley of Sandwich, and died at the
Oaks (now Tormore), Deal, February 17th, 1837, leaving an
only child, Elizabeth.
Two shields are used in both these cases because the
arms of the husband are surrounded with the insignia of
the Order of the Bath, and as the wife does not participate
in the honour of her husband, if he is a knight of an Order,
her arms must be placed in a separate shield and cannot be
impaled with his within the insignia of the Order.
Captain John Harvey, the father of these two distinguished
Admirals, was born in 1740, and died June 30th,
1794, of wounds received in the battle of June 1st, 1794
(" The glorious 1st of June") when in command of the
Brunswick man of war. He was Jurat of Sandwich in 1772
and Mayor in 1774. He was buried at Eastry, and there is
a monument to him in Westminster Abbey.
His brother Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Harvey, K.B., WM
in command of the Ramillies at the battle of June 1st, 1794.
He married Elizabeth, daughter of William Boys, Governor
of Greenwich Hospital, and died December 28th, 1810, and
ST. LEON.A.RDS, DEAL. 173
was buried at Walmer, where there is a hatchment in the
church to his memory. One of his sons was Vice-Admiral
Sir Thomas Harvey, K.C.B., who served under his father in
the Ramillies, June 1st, 1794, as master's mate, became a
Lieutenant in 1794, Commander 1796, and Post-Captain
1797. He was made a K.C.B. 1833 and Vice-Admiral 1837.
He died at Bermuda May 28th, 1841, when Commander-jnChief
of the West India Station. Henry Harvey, one of his
sons, was an Admiral and died in 1887, and Thomas Harvey,
another son, was a Rear-Admiral and died in 1868. Probably
no family can furnish so distinguished a naval record as that
of Harvey.
3. "or a lion rampant gules a bordure engrailed
sable," impaling " argent three torteaux a chief gules."
Inscription. " Here lieth the body of Captain George
Pomeroy, son of Captain William Pomeroy of the West,
late Commander of Their Majesties' ship the Rupert, who
received his mortal wound against the French off Beachy,
and departed this life the 25th day of July 1690 in the 39th
year of his age."
Captain George Pomeroy was of Deptford, Kent. He
married Elizabeth, who died February 14th, 1694, and was
buried at Deptford. His son, George, born in 1679, commanded
the y.acht Katherine and died June 27th, 1735,
leaving two daughters, Sarah, who married Nicholas Roope,
and Mary, who married Alexander Rowe.
At the west end of the S. aisle there is a grave slab to
the second George, late Commander of H.M.S. Asia, who
died 170-, and to his father, who is stated to have died on
July 15th.
The arms are those of the Devonshire family of Pomeroy,
a very ancient family seated at Berry Pomeroy in that county;
but, although some searches were made at the College of Arms
in 1800, his descent from that family was not established, and
seems to be somewhat uncertain.
The arms impaled for his wife are those of a Yorkshire
family of Beseley (or Beesley), recorded at the College of
Arms in 1584.
174 ST. LEONARDS, DEAL.
1N THE NORTH .ArsLE, N. WALL, E. END.
1. " Pean a griffin segreant argent beaked and legged
or." .An escutcheon of pretence, "sable fretty (or rather, as
painted, covered with square trellis work) argent a lion
rampant or."l
Crest. "A cubit arm in armour issuing out of a naval
crown or the gauntlet grasping a trident the head argent the
staff sable."
Motto. "Manet post funera virtus."
The principal arms and crest are those granted January
21st, 1724, to Hercules Baker, M.P., for the Port of Hythe,
to be borne by the descendants of his father James Baker,
and to be placed on a monument in Westminster Abbey
to his uncle John Baker, Admiral of the White.
Hercules Baker lived at Deal, as had his ancestors for
many years before him. (The brass to a Thomas Baker has
been already mentioned, and John Baker was Captain of
Deal Castle in 1569.) He was a Captain in the navy and Whig
M.P. for Hythe in four successive Parliaments from 1722, and
was Treasurer of Greenwich Hospital from 1736 to his death
in 1744.
John Baker, the Admiral, was born in 1661 and served
jn the Memterranean under Sir George Rooke and Sir
Cloudesley Shovel. He was appointed Rear-Admiral in
1708, and Vice-Admiral in 1709. He rued at Port Mahon
November 10th, 1716. Neither of these was buried in
Deal-or at least in this church-but many of the family
were buried in St. George's. The Admiral had a son,
also in the navy, whose son, John Baker, of Deal, was aged 26
in 1779 when he married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of
John Brumsell of Dover. A John Baker was buried at Deal
November 13th, 1832, aged 69. Conceivably this may have
been the grandson of the Admiral and the person for whom
the hatchment was put up (though his age would have
been 79 and not 69), for the escutcheon of pretence shows
that his wife was an heiress ; unfortunately I am unable to
1 Pean is a fur having a black ground with gold spots.
ST. LEONARDS, DEAL. 175
identify the arms, " sable fretty argent a lion rampant
gules," and cannot find any arms of Brumsell.
The following later members of the family were buried
at St. George's Church :
Thomas Baker; died 1762.
Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Baker, K.C.B., died February
26th, 1845.
Captain John Baker, R.N., died 1845.
Lieut.-Colonel Narborough Filmer Baker, died 1852.
and in the Registers of this (St. Leonard's) Parish is recorded
the burial, April 7th, 1825, of Captain Henry Baker, R.N.,
aged 42, and there is a gravestone in the Churchyard to
William, son of John Baker of Deal, died January 1815.
To THE W. OF THE ABOVE.
2. "Ermines a griffin segreant or.'' An escutcheon of
pretence, "chequy azure and or a lion rampant argent."
Crest. "A cubit arm in armour proper issuing from a
naval crown the gauntlet grasping a trident the head or, the
staff gules.''
Motto. "In coelo quies."
A comparison of this hatchment with the last above
mentioned hardly leaves room for doubt that it was intended
to represent some member of the family of Baker ; but one
cannot help wondering how the diversity of tinctures came
about. I cannot identify the escutcheon of pretence, and
can only express an interested curiosity in the fact that it
so closely resembles the arms of the heiress wife similarly
placed in pretence on the other hatchro.ent. Perhaps the
motto which he adopted indicated that, during life, he felt
some anxiety about the correctness and propriety of the arms
he used!
N. ArsLE, E. WALL.
3. " Azure a chevron argent between three bowls or
issuant from each a boar's head of the second," between,
On the dexter side, "Sable three pheons argent,"
impaling the same coat ; and, on the sinister side,
176 ST. LEONARDS, DEAL.
"Argent a lion rampant and a bordure azure," also impaling
the same coat.
Inscription. " In memory of Mrs. Thomasin Renton."
In each case the husband's arms are on a black ground,
while the wife's impaled coat is on a white ground, indicating
that the lady survived both her husbands.
The arms are traditional arms of Bowles, but. not
authoritative.
The arms, "Sable 3 pheons argent," impaled for the
first husband, are those of a family of Nicholls of Cornwall
(recorded in 1620).
The arms, " Argent a lion rampant and a bordure
azure," are Scottish arms of Renton of Lammartoun
(recorded in 1672).
It is therefore plain from this hatchment that Miss
Thoma.sin Bowles married, first, a Nicholls, and, secondly,
a Renton, and died the widow of the last named.
The families of Bowles and Nicholls both figure in the
history of Deal. Henry Bowles and Valentine Bowles were
both members of a Committee formed, in 1698, to secure for
Deal its charter of Incorporation as a Borough; and Tobias
Bowles, J.P., and John Bowles were members of the first
Corporation. Tobias Bowles was Mayor in 1700.
A Mr. Nicholls was assessor for Poll tax in Deal
in 1689, and Joseph Nicholls was a member of the
above mentioned Committee formed to secure Deal's
Charter. John Nicholls, mariner, is mentioned in 1707.
Whether they had any connection with the Cornish
family who owned the arms I do not know, and should
think doubtful.
4. " Argent gouttee de sang a lion rampant sable
crowned or."
Inscription. "Mrs. Mary Scriven who died 18 June
1687 in the 18th year of her age."
The arms (without the crown on the lion's head) are
those of Scriven of Frodesley, Co. Salop, recorded in 1663.
5. "Per chevron argent and sable in chief two fl.eurs
de lys gules and in base a tower or."
ST. LEONARDS, DEAL. 177
Orest : " issuant from a tower or a :fleur de lys gules."
Date 1705.
The arms (the :fleur de lys should be azure) are those of
Serooold, originally of Co. Lancaster, but in 1684 of Cherry
Hinton, Co. Cambridge. They, later, took the name of
Pearce-Serocold.
" George Serocold gentleman " was buried at Deal
January 23rd, 1705/6. No doubt this hatchment was put
up to his memory. Whether he was entitled to the arms
may be open to doubt.
N. AISLE, w. w.A LL.
6. "Gules a chevron between 3 mullets or."
Orest. "A leopard's head affronte sable gorged with a
ducal coronet or."
Inscription. "In memory of Capt Thomas Poulton
1699."
The arms are not those of Poulton, but of Danvers, and
the crest is that of Poulteney. There was a family of
Poulton of Co. Northampton who bore arms "argent on a
fesse between 3 mullets sable as many bezants." A pedigree
of them is recorded in the College of Arms down to 1769 ;
but Captain Thomas Poulton does not seem to have been of
this family, and I have not been able to find out anything
about him.
7. " Argent a saltire gules," a label of three points for
cadency (of an eldest son).
Orest. "A monkey statant chained proper."
Inscription. "In memory of Mr. Henry Gerard who
departed this life the 27th of September A0 Dom1 1698 in ye
24th yeare of his age."
8. The same arms and crest with a crescent for cadency
(of a second son).
Inscription. "In memory of Mr. Henry Gerard late
Rector of this Parish who departed this life on the 2nd day of
June in the 65th year of his age A.D. 1710."
The above arms are those of the well-lmown Lancashire
family of Gerard, of which the Gerards of Brynne were
178 ST. LEONARDS, DE.AL.
Baronets. Henry Gerard, the Rector of Deal, was son of
Thomas Gerard of Rushton, Co. Dorset. He matriculated at
Wadham College, Oxford, in February 1661/2, aged 17
(which agrees with his age at death as given on the hatchment).
He was Vicar of Lydd in 1672, and one of the six
preachers in Canterbury Cathedral, 1676, and became Rector
of Deal in 1677, still holding Lydd. In 1683 he had " 3
children ; his wife had 2 by a former husband, wh live with
him." (Rev. Henry Ullock's letter to the Archbishop,
.A.G., Vol. XXI, p. 181.)
I have not been able to trace his descent from the
Lancashire family, but pedigrees recorded in the College of
Arms show branches of that family in Somerset and Dorset
in 1623. No doubt Henry Gerard recorded in the other
hatchment was his eldest son.
9. '' Azure a chevron ermine between three griffins
heads erased argent."
. Crest. " A griffin sejant argent supporting a closed
book or."
The arms and crest are those of an Oxfordshire family of
Gardiner, granted in 1578 (the book should be sable, not or).
There was a family of Gardner in Deal. Captain
Thomas Gardner was one of a committee appointed to
negotiate about Deal's Charter of Incorporation in 1698. He
had a faculty in 1691 for building a pew in Deal Church.
William Gardner was Minister of the Congregational
Church, Deal, in 1769 ; and the name frequently occurs in
the Registers. Whether they had any connection with the
Oxfordshire family is very problematical.
10. "Sable three chevronels ermine."
Crest. "A demi lion argent holding a mace or."
These are the arms of a Devonshire family of Wise
(except that the lion in the crest should be gules gouttee
d'eau). The same arms are in St. Alphage Church, Canterbury,
for Rev. Thomas Wise, Rector there, who died in 1726 ;
and in St. Peter's Church, Sandwich, for Henry Wise, who
died in 1769. But, so far as I have been able to investigate,
I have found no evidence of the right of this Kentish family
S'r. LEONARDS, DEAL. 179
of Wise to the arms. Nor can I say for whom this hatchment
was put up.
ll. "Sable a fesse wavy between two estoiles argent,"
a mullet or for cadency (of a third son), in the centre the
Baronet's badge; impaling, "argent a fesse gules between
six choughs proper."
Crest. "A globe terrestrial thereon a ship under sail
trained about the same by golden hawsers by the direction
of a hand appearing out of clouds all in proper colours";
with the motto "Auxilio divino."
Motto (under the arms). " Sic parvis magna."
These are the well-known arms and crest granted to the
famous navigator Sir Francis Drake, June 20th, 1581.
The hatchment commemorates Vice-Admiral Sir Francis
Samuel Drake, Bart., and shows his arms impaling those of
his second wife Pooley, daughter of Lieut.-Colonel George
Onslow. Sir Francis was descended from a brother of the
great navigator. He became a Rear-Admiral in 1780, and
was in comm.and of the Van of the British Fleet under
Admiral Lord Rodney at the battle off Dominica. For his
services he was created a Baronet May 28th, 1782. He
became Vice-Admiral 1787, and was appointed a Lord of
the Admiralty in 1789, a few months before his death. He
died without issue November 19th, 1789, and was buried at
Deal November 30th, 1789.
N. ArsLE, S. WALL.
12. "Argent on a chief sable three lions heads erased
of the field."
Crest. "A cubit arm in armour, the hand proper
grasping a broken sword argent pommel and hilt or."
Inscription. " In memory of Mr. Ioseph Richardson
which departed this life the llth day of June 1690 Aged
neere 46 yeares."
The arms and crest are those of a Worcestershire family
of Richardson, of whom Henry Richardson migrated to
London and was a haberdasher, and recorded the arms in
1634. Pedigrees of the family are recorded for some few
180 ST. LEON.A.RDS, DEAL.
generations later, but no Joseph Richardson appears in them.
I regret to say that the inscription is written on the shield I
!N THE VESTRY.
MEMORIAL TO EDWARD BULSTRODE.
The inscription, with motto-" Think and Thank "-is
enclosed in a fine monumental wood frame of late seventeenth
century design and is as follows :-
" In a Vault under the Altar lieth the Body of Edward
Bulstrode late of Tewkesbury in Com. Glouceft Esq., whofe
Wife Mary (sister to George Gardner of Evefham in Com. Wigorn,
Esq.) deceafing before him is Interr'd in ye Church there. He
died xxvii Decemb. MDCCX.VITI, aged LXVII Years, and was
the Eldeft son of Sir Richard Bulftrode, Knt. (who ferv'd Their
Majefties K. Charles II. and K. James II. near xx Years in the
several Qualities of Agent, ReJident and Envoy Extra.ordinary at
the Court of Bruxelles) by Joice his Wife (sister to Sir Edward
Dineley, of Charlton, likewife in the fa.id County of Worcefter,
Knight, who died without If sue Male) and Grandfon of Edward
Bulftrode of Joley End near AJtley in Com. Warwick. . . .
Inner Temple, London, Ef q., sometime Chief JuJtice of North
Wales, by Margaret his Wife (Daughter to Richard Chamberlain
of Aftley, aforementioned EJq. : by Elizabeth his Wife, sifter to
Sir William Harcourt of Stanton Haroouxt in Com. Oxon. Kt.
Anceftr to ye Lord Harcourt) And Great Grandfon of Edward
Bulftrode of BulJtrode in Com. Burk. Efq. (by Cicily, his Wife,
sifter to Sir John Croke, of Chilton in the fa.me County, Kt. Speaker
of the Honble Houf e of 0othons, Recorder of London, and one of
the Judges of ye Court of Kings Bench) Lineal Heir of Robert de
Bulftrode, who liv'd at his Manor of BulJtrode near Gerrards
CroJs, xxx Hen. III., A.D. MCCXLVI.
Decorating the frame are four shields of Arms at the
corners, each bearing an impaled coat; with the quartered
coat and crest of the Bulstrode family in the centre at the top.
The four shields at the corners illustrate the marriages of
the deceased and his ancestors enumerated in the inscription.
(1) At the top dexter cornei·, Bul,strode, "sable a stag's
head caboshed argent attired or holding in the mouth an
aiTow fessewise of the second between the attires ·a cross
ST. LEONARDS, DEAL. 181
patee fitchee gold ", quartering " argent a cheVTon gules
between three squirrels sable " (Lovell) ; impaling Croke
" gules a fesse between six martlets argent ", quartering
" argent on a fesse nebuly azure between three annulets
gules six plates" (Hayne alias Croke).
(2) At the top sinister corner, Bulstrode, as above,
impaling Chamberlain, " Gules an inescutcheon argent within
an orle of cinquefoils or ", quartering " Gules a cheVTon
between three escallops or" (Wollmer).
(3) At the bottom dexter corner, Bulstrode, as before,
impaling Dineley (or Dingley) "argent a fesse sable in chief
a mullet of the last between two pellets ".
(4) At the bottom sinister corner, Bulstrode, as before,
impaling Gardner (or Gardiner), "azure a chevron ermine
between three griffin's heads erased argent" (see Hatchment
No. 9).
The coat of Bulstrode, which stands at the top of the
monument, is an elaborate coat of fourteen quarterings,
though they are curiously arranged to make a quarterly
coat of four grand quarterings. These coats are as follows :
(1) First grand quarter, Bulstrode (in 1 and 4) quartering
Lovell (in 2 and 3).
(2) Second grand quarter, (1) "Paly of six argent and
azure on a chief sable two swords in saltire of the first "
(Knyff, or Knife). (2) "Per fesse azure and gules a hemp
brake argent" (Wyatt). (3) "Argent a hemp brake sable"
(Barnake).-These three coats are arranged in pale.
(3) Third grand quarter, (1) "Sable four lozenges
conjoined in fesse or" (Mapes). (2) "Argent six cinquefoils
gules on a canton sable a crescent and an estoile of the field "
(unidentified). (3) "Argent a fesse dancettee gules in chief
three leopard's faces sable" (Poulteney).-These three coats
are also arranged in pale.
(4) Fourth grand quarter, Ratcl·iffe (in 1 and 4) "argent
two bendlets engrailed sable", quartering (in 2 and 3)" Gules
a chevron between three pots (1) or" (unidentified).
Above the coat, the crest of Bulstrode, "a bull's head
erased gules armed argent between two wings of the last ".
16
182 ST. LEON.ARDS, DE.AL.
IN THE PORCH.
1. " Or a chevron between 3 sheldrakes ( or ducks of
some sort) sable."
Crest. " A bird with wings expanded sable."
Inscription. "Obit xx Martie anno MDCLXXXXVI."
I cannot identify the arms as those of anyone whose
burial occurs in the Register in March, 1696/7.
2. The arms of Drake as in the hatchment in the
church, impaling "[Gules] a chevron ermine between 3
griffins heads erased [argent]."
I cannot identify the individual to whom these arms
apply. Duncomb Drake, youngest son of Sir Francis Drake,
Bart. , of Buckland, Devon (not the Admiral before mentioned),
born 1694, died at Deal May 22nd, 1734, and lies
under an inscribed slab at the west end of the nave. But he
married Grace, daughter of Sir Nicholas Trevanion ; and the
impaled coat is certainly not Trevanion.
There may have been some other member of the family
who lived and died here whom I have not been able to discover.
St. Leonarda since the Reformation has been subjected
to many indignities. The upper stages of the tower, owing
to decay of the original work, and probably due later to
several centuries of neglect, seem to have fallen down
between 1652 and 1660.1 Thomas Baker by his will of 1508
left "to the reparation of the Steeple 20 mares, in lede works
thereupon" (Test,a,menta Oantiana, 1907). Symonson's Map
of 1596 shows a steeple. This is some evidence that the
tower was so surmounted. The calamity may have brought
down the second and third arches of the nave arcade and
their supporting piers on each side, although the need for a
larger preaching space with the rapidly growing town in the
later seventeenth century may have forced on the destruction.
There seems some reason for this latter explanation
as the beams supporting the ceilings over the east and west
ends of the south aisle have the character of this period.
1 Thomas Gaze, parson of Deal, gave a sad report of the state of the
church in a. letter to the Mayor of Sandwich, dated Ap. 3rd, 1652.
(Pritchard's Deal.)
ST. LEONARD's, DEAL.
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