Front matter, Volume 6

".ANTIQUITATES SEU llISTOIUAilUM RllLIQUI,E SUNT TAN<{UAll.[ '.l'ADUL1E NA.UFRAGU, CUM DEFICIENTE ET FERE SUDMEllSA. RERUM MUMORIA; NIHILOMINUS HO~IINES INDUSTRII 11,T SAGACES, l'ERTINACI QUADAJl1 ET SCRUl'ULOSA DILIGENTIA, EX GllNEALOGIIS, FASTIB, TITULlS, MONU)IEN· TIS, NUMISMATlBUS, NOll11NllH]S PROl'RIIS ET STYLIS, VERDORUM ETY· MOLOG!IS, l'ROVERBIIS, TRADITXONIDUS, A.RCH1VIS1 ET INSTRUMENTIS, TAM PUIILICIS QUAM PRIVATIS, HlSTORIARUl\t FRAGMENTIS, LXBRORUM NEUTJQ,UAM HISTORl(lORUM LOCIS DISPERSIS,-EX HIS, INQUAM, O~IDUS VEL .U,IQUillUS, NONNULLA A TEMPORIS DXLUVIO ERIPIUNT EX CONSER· YANT. RES SA.NE 01'EROSA, SED MOAT.ALillUS GRiTA ET CUM R~VERENTIA Q,UADAM CONJUNCTA," "ANTIQUITIES, OR REMNANTS OF HISTORY, ARE, AS WAS SAID, TAliQUAM TA.DUL.iE NAUFRAGll; WHEN INDUSTRIOUS PERSONS, BY A.N E:S.ACT AND SCRUPULOUS DILIGENCE A.ND OBSERVATION, OUT Oli' MONUllIENTS, Nurns, WORDS, :PROVERBS, TRADITIO~S, PRIVATE RECORDS AND EVIDENCES, FRAG• 1'1:BN'rS OF STORIES, PASSAGF;S OF BOOKS TllAT CONCERN NOT STORY, AND THE LIKE, DO SA.VE A.ND RECOVER SOltEWIIH' 1/ROll Tlll!: DELUGE 01? TIME,"-.Adva11cement of Lea1•nin9, ii. ~ i♦tlnroitgia ~anthttra : BEING TRANSACTIONS • 011' THE KENT ARCH.lEOLOGICA.L SOCIETY. VOLUME VJ. J .oub.on: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY J. E. TAYLOR & CO., J,ITTLZ QVUN 8TRJIRT, Lll(OOLI<'S I~'ll ll.11!1,DS. 1866. The Oounr,U of the Kent A1·clu2ological Society is not answerable for any opinions put fo1·1oa1·d in tltis 'f!Totk. Eac!t Oont1-ilmtor is alone l'esponsible for kis own rem.arks. CONTENTS. -+-- l'AOJI RULES AND LIST OF MEMBERS ix LIST OF CONTRIBUTIONS TO ILLUSTRA1.'ION FUND, ETC. BALANCE-SHEET FOR 1863 BALANCE-SHEET FOR 1864 ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS, 1863 AND 1864 . xxxiv • XXXV . xxxvi xxxvii EXTRAc·rs FROM THE LIFE OF ARCHBISHOP DECJ 17 11 I I £814 2 0 1863. £ s. d. Assistant Secretary :- Salary one year . . . . . . . . . . . 25 0 0 Disbursements for postage, stationery, etc. . . 20 1 5 Paid arrea1'l! to the Rev, L.B. Larking; petty-cash book . .Paid the Honorary Secretary,-petty-cash book . . Invested in New 3 per Cents.• . . . . . . . PRid Mr. Brent on account of Excavations at Sa1T Cheque-books . . -. . •. •· •· ·. -. -. Further Cost of .A.rch. Cant. Vol. IV. :- , 200 20 0 0 Printer, on account . Lithographer Wood-Engraver . . Compilation of Index . 29 18 5 5 0 0 0 0 £ 45 10 12 60 30 0 A.dvnnced t-0 Lithographer on account of Vol. V. Balance, December 31, 1863 :- ---- 255 Messrs. Randall and Co. Messrs. Hammond and Co .. ' 30 . 279 14 9 911210 ---371 C1·. s. d. 1 5 0 0 3 6 0 0 0 0 6 6 3 0 0 0 7 7 £814 2 0 .Audited and allowed. • JOSEPH J . HOW.A.RD,}, :z·t JAS. OROSBY, .a.uu,i ors. KENl' A.RORlEOLOGIO.A.L SOCIETY. Balance-Sheet of .A.ccaunts fro11i Ja11uar9 1st to IJecemlier SMt, 1864. Dr. Or. 1864. Balance in hand, Dec. 31, 1863 :Messrs. Randall and Co. . . . Messrs. Hammond and Co. . . £ s. d. . 279 14 9 . 91 13 10 £ s, d. - --371 'l 7 . Dividends on Stock, one year. . . . . . . . . • . . 10 14 3 Subscriptions, Life CompositioD.S, Contributiona to Illustrntion Fund and other Funds, Payments for ~oyal Svo, Payment1! at.Annual Meeting (paid this yefil' to the General A.ccount), ~·- . . . . . . . I ,, / I £889 4 5 1864:. £ s. d. £ 11. d. .Assisb1nt Secretary:- Salary one year . . . . . . . . . . . 25 0 0 Di.shUl"sements for postage, etc. . . . . . 15 3 3 Paid Mr. Dow1.el' on account ofltichborough :Excavations. Paid Mr. Brent on account of Sarr Excavations . . . . Paid the ll.ev. L.B. Larking, bols.nce of arrears Paid the Honorary Secretary, petty-cash book . Transcripts, Sea:robes in Recorda, etc. . . . . Cheque•boo:k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paid the Honorary l'hot-0grapher for l'hoto~aphs . . . . Expenses of .A.DlluoJ Meeting, Dinner, etc. (the receipts having this year been paid to the General Account) . . . . . . Arrears to P.tinter for .Arch. Cant. Vol. IV.. . . . . . . Cost of A.rob. Cl}nt-. Vol V. :Printer . 308 8 8 15 9 11 33 14 5 6 83 8 0 0 0 6 0 40 3 3 20 12 4 14 7 5 32 18 7 24 0 6 8 l 4 0 2 6 7 6 0 40 16 0 49 14 3 Artist . . . . Copper Engraver Wood Engraver Index . . . . Lithographer 9 ---- 449 2 3 Balance in hnnd, Dec. 31, 1864 :Messrs. Rlllldn.11 nnd Co. . . . Messra. HaIUmond and Co. . . A.udited nnd allowed. 77 4 8 . 124 15 4 ---- 202 0 0 £889 4 5 JOSEPH JACKSON HOW.ARD,} • d't JA.MES OROS.BY, .a.11 i or~. xxxvii AESTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS, 1863 ,AJ.'\fD 1864. THE Proceedings of the Society during the years 1863 and 1864 were as follows :- THE FrnsT Meeting of the Council for the year 1863 was held at Maidstone on the 19th of March. Thanks w1we voted to the Rev. R. Drake for a donation of Roman Antiquities ; and to the Revs. C. Lane, L. B. Larking, Dr. Stevenson, F. Southgate, W. L. Wigan, F. E. Tuke, C. Parkin, J. F. Russell, J. Hooper, E. Brailsford, E. Heawood, W. N. Griffin, and S. Hannam, T. W. :King, Esq., York Herald, W. H. Hart, Esq., F.S . .A.., R. E. Thomson, Esq., T. Thurston, Esq., E. Pretty, Esq., F.S . .A.., Captain Cheere, and W. B. Gilbert, Esq., for valuable information afforded to Mr. J. J. Howard in preparing his first number of « The 'Visitation of Kent, 1619," for '.A.rchreologia Cantiana.' The noble President reported that he had communicated to Lord De L'Isle the wish of the Council that the Annual Meeting of the Society should, with his Lordship's permission, be held at Penshurst, and that Lord De L'Isle had with the greatest kindness aud hospitality given permission for the use of the Hall at Penshurst Place, promised all facilities to the Meeting·, and invited the Society to luncheon. Thanks were unanimously voted to his Lordship accordingly. 'f. G. Faussett, Esq., was elected of the Editorial Council. Eight candidates were elected. XX.."<{.Vlll KENT ARCH.lEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, TEE NEXT Meeting was held in London, on the 11 th of June. Thanks were voted to the President and Council of the Society of .Antiquaries for their present of a copy of the Correspondence between that Society and the Admiralty respecting the Tides in the Dover Channel, with reference to Cresa.r's Landing; and to .A.. J. B. Beresford Hope, Esq., for his present of a copy of 'The Condition and Prospects of Architectural .A.rt.' It was resolved- That the Local Secretaries be requested to inform nll members whose subscriptions are in nrrear tbat they will not.be entitled to tickets fo:r the Penshurst Meeting, unless their subscriptions, up to 1862 inclusive, are paid. Notice was given that at the Annual Meeting T. G. Faussett, Esq., would be proposed as Honorary Secretary, and J. Crosby, Esq., and J. J. Howard, Esq., as Auditors. Eighteen candidates were elected. TRE . SIXTH Annual Meeting was held at Penshurst Place on the 16th. of July. It was attended by ,-tbe Marquess Camden, President, and the Ladies Pratt; the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Misses Longley ; the Lord Lieutenant and Viscountess Sydney ; the Earl nnd Countess of Winchilsea ; the Earl and Conntesa of Stanhope ; the Earl of Brecknock ; the Viscountess Falmouth; the Viscountess IIolmesdale; Lord and Lady De L'Isle and Dudley, and the Bon. Mr. and Misses Sydney; Lord and Lady Hardinge; Lord Wensleydale; the Bishop of Gibra{ta1' and Mrs. Trower; the Hon. and Rev. Sir F. J. Stapleton, Bart.; Sir Stephen Glynne, Bart.; Sir Edward Dering, Ba1·t. ; Sir vr alter Stirling, Bal't, ; Sir Walter.Ta mes, Bart.; the Rev. Sir W. Smith-Marriott, Bart., and Lady Marriott; Lady Rycroft; Lady Dyke, the Misses and Mr. W. Dyke; the Hou. Mrs. Denman; the Hon, Mrs. Cropper ; A.. J. B. :BeresfordRope, Esq., La-dy Mildred, and the Misses Rope; J. G. Talbot, :Esq., Honorary Secretary, and the Hon. Mrs. Talbot; G. LevesonGower, Esq., and tbe Hon. Mrs. Leveson-Gower ; the Dean of Canterbury; Sir Samuel Hayes; Sir W. R. Sydney; O. Wykeba.m~ Martin, Esq.; G. E. Hammond, Esq.; H. D. Streatfeild, Esq. ; W. C. Streatfeild, Esq.; J. W. Stratford, :Esq.; Major and Mrs. Luard; Lt.-Ool. and Mrs. Scott; J. Kirkpatl'iclc, Esq., nnd Mrs. Kirkpa.tL'ick; SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING. xxxix G. W. Norman, Esq.; James 'Espinasse, Esq.,.and Miss 'Espinasse; E. Russey, Esg.; R . E. Hussey, Esq. ; R. W. Blencowe, Esq.; L. A.. Majendie, Esq. ; the Rev. L.B. Larking; the Rev. G. and Mrs. 11nswell; the Rev . .A.. Eden; the Rev. D. Winham; the Rev. J. W. Bliss; the Rev. R. Drake; W. Delmar, Esq.; D. Denne, Esq.; Captain Rux ton ; the Rev. T. Brockman ; the Rev. J. P. Alcock ; the Rev. R. Jenkins; the Rev. A. Wigan; the Rev. F. E. Tuke; W. L. Lawrence, Esq. ; H. B. :M:ackeson, Esq.; M. H. J3loxam, Esq.; Coles Child, Esq.; the Rev. Beale Poste; T. F. Bailey, Esq: ; the Rev. T. Wrench; the Rev. A. Lyall; the Rev. J. Y. Stratton; T. G. Fa.ussett, Esq.; and upwards of seven hundred others. The Marquess Camden, K.G., President, took the chair in the dining-room of Penshurst Place at half-past twelve o'clock, and called upon Mr. J. G. Talbot, the Honorary Secretary, to read the Report, which ran as follows :- It is my pleasing duty again to assure the Society that their condition is exceedingly prosperous. It is not often that the Council of any Society can meet the general body of their subscribers, and assllre them that their numbers are steadily and rapidly i11c1·easing, aud that their funds are quite adequate to meet their ordinary expenses. Yet this is the happy state of the Kent A.rchooological Society. The numbers last year were about 840; now they a.re about 870; and 28 candidates are waiting for election. The balance at our bankers' is £397. 17s. 10d. The arrears, which in previous Reports have bee.n so strongly and so justly deplored, have very sensibly dimini;ihed; and I cannot but think that the wise severity of the Council on the present oqcasion, in refusing a share in the splendid hospitalities of Penshurst t? all subscribers in arrear, might well be a precedent for future occa...'ltons. 'fhere is nothing very remarkable to record in the hi.story of our Society during the past twelve months, except the deu.ths of two gentlemen who were distinguished members-Mr. Deedes, tbe late member for East Rent, and Mr. Gl'imaldi, a well-known nrchreo1ogist of the county. But the circurostimces of the present deserve special comment. I think it no slight tribute to the position which our Society has gained in the county, that it should be received, as it is to-day, with so marked and cordial a welcome by the possessor of one of the ancestral homes of Kent, whose no.me is famous not only in Kentisb. a.rcbreology but in English history . .A.nd in 1•esiguing the office which I have very unwo!thi.ly held into xl KENT ARCHJEOLOGIC.AL SOCIETY. abler bands this day, I am glad to think that my short tenure of the post of Honorary Secretary will be connected with what I am sure will prove one of the most notable of our gatherings-the Sixth Annual Meeting in Pensburst Place. The Meeting then proceeded to elect officers for the coming· year. J. Crosby, Esq., and J. J. Howard, Esq., LL.D., F .S . .A., were elected Auditors. Six: retiring members of the Council were named, of whom five were re-elected, E. Russey, Esq., of Scotney Castle, being chosen in the place of T. G. Faussett, Esq_., who retired. • The noble Chairman then expressed his regret at the loss which the Society was about to incur in the retirement of Mr. J . G. Talbot from the post of Honorary Secretary, his numerous other duties having compelled him to tende1· bis resignation. He proposed :Mr. T. G. Faussett as his _successor, remarking upon the zeal for the welfare of the Society whi~h Mr. Faussett had already shown as the best possible guarantee that its interests would be safe in his keeping. This was carried, unanimously, as was also the Chairman's next proposal, that Mr. J. G. T~1bot be elected a Vice-President of the Society. Mr. J. G. Talbot returned thanks for the honour thus con -. ferred upon hirn, and in taking leave of the Society a.s Hon.ol'a'.ry Secretary, expressed his sense of the kindness and courtesy which he had ever received at the hands of members, and his regret at being obliged to resign his office. • Mr. Beresford-Hope drew the attention of the Society to the Congress of the .A.:rchreological Institu.te at Rochester :in the ensuing week, and expressed his confidence that a large body of Kent .A.rchreologists would welcome their brethren. B:e moved tba.t the President and Council be requested to appoin t a deputation to receive them in the name of the Society, and give them a hearty w~lcome to the county. This was most cordially agreed to. Twenty-eight new candidates were elected. On the motion of the Dean of Canterbury, thanks were voted to the retiring Secretary and Auditors. The Archbishop of Oanterbury proposed a -vote of thanks to the Marquess Camden for presiding this day, observing that, lately as he had become a member of _the Society, he could not SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING. xli fail to notice the great interest which his Lordship took in its welfare, and the able manner in which he presided at its · meetings. . This being carried by acclamation, the private business was over. The members then dispersed through the house and grounds of Penshurst Place, the Hall and other rooms in which were; by the great kindness of Lord De L'lsle, thrown open to the Society during the entire day. The Society was also entertained with magnificent hospitality by his Lordship and Lady De L'Isle . .A. lecture was delivered in the Rall by Mr. J. H. Parker, on the Ristol'y and .A.:rchitectme of Penshurst.1 Tb.is was read twice over, in consequence of the want of space even in that splendid room for the numbers which crowded to hear Mr. Parker. He afterwards conducted parties round the exterior, and to the church, e:»..-plaining th.e interesting features as he passed, a:nd especially drawing attention to the two remarkable crosses, of the Decorated period, which were found in the church and are now inserted in the wall of the tower. During the afternoon the noble President returned thanks to Lord and Lady De L'Isle in a. speech which was received with great enthusiasm by the Society; as was also Lord De L'Isle's acknowledg·me:nt;. THERE was no second day to this brilliant Meeting, the Council having deemed it unadvisable within so short a, time of the Congress of the .A:rchre.ological Institute at Rochester. THE Archreological Institute of Great Britain held their Annual Meeting this year at Rochester on the few first days of August, under the Presidency of the Marquess Camden. This Society received the Institute with a deputation, headed by Lord Darnley, and welcomed it to our county. The -temporary Museum formed by the Institute, which was rich in ob- 1 It hn.s not been thought advisable to reproduce this interesting ps.pe.t: in this volu.me, it having already found that wider circulation which it deserves in. the columns of the 'Gentleman's Magazine_.' Members will :find it VT/, e:i:trmso in the number of that periodical for August, 1863; p. 180. VOL. VJ. d xlii KENT ARCH.iEOLOGiCAL SOCIETY. jects of· interest, was obligingly opened to the members of outi Society . . Te:E THIRD :fy{eeting qf the Council was held on the 29th of September, at the Guildhall, Canterbury. Thanks were voted to Lord and Lady De L'Isle for their splendid hospitality to the Society at Penshurst; to the Local Committee who arranged the meeting there; to Mr. J'. H. Parker for his interesting lecture; and to the authorities of the South-Eastern Railway Company for their facilities on the occasion; to the Rev. G. H. Dashwood, the Rev. C. Boutell, and Mr. Farrer, for presents to the Sor.iety. E. F. Astley, Esq., M.D., was elected Local Secretary for Dover, in the room of the lamented W. Clayton, Esq. ;· .and Charles Augustin Smith, Esq., and Mr. Smallfield, Local Secretaries for Blackheath. " J. Brent, Esq., exhibited to the Council some beautiful Saxon sepulchral remains found by him on behalf of the Society • in graves at Sarr, in the Isle of Thanet. 'l1he Surrey .A.rchooological Society was taken into connection .. Thirteen new members were elected. THE LAST Meeting of the Council was held at Chillington House, on the 12th of December. The neighbourhood of Richborough was selected as t:4e scene of next year's meeting, and the Local Comi;nittee for its ar~ rangementa was appointed. 'l'he Honorary Secretary reported further success in the e)(-. cavations at the Saxon cemetery at Sarr, undertaken by the Society ana zealously prosecuted by Mr. Brent. The President exhibited some Roman pottery, discove1·ed at Surnkidge, and presented to the Society by Lord Amherst, to whom thanks were voted accordingly. Nine- new members were elected. 1864. THE FrnsT Meeting of the Council fo:i; this year was held at the Guildhall, Canterbury. • . The Honorary Secretary reported that at a meeting of the Local Committee for the an·angements of the annual meeting,_ SEVENTH A}."NU.AL MEETING. xliii held at Sandwich, under the presidency of Sir Brook Bridges, Bart., it had been resolved that Sandwich be the spot fo1, the Meeting of the Society, and that an e:x.cursion to Richborough take place on the first day, and that the second day be occu. pied with visit to th.e churches of Sandwich, Woodnesborough, Betteshanger, Eastry, .A.sh, Minster, etc. He also reported that he had obtained kind permission from Denne Denne; Esq., to prosecute researches in and about the Castrum at Richborough., and leave was given to him to advance funds for the purpose at his discretion. The President read a letter from Sir Walter .Tames, containing a hospitable invitation to such members as should be visiting the churches in that neighbourhood, to lunch at Betteshanger Park. On the motion of Mr. Foss, it was a,greed that the forthcoming volume of ' .A.rchreologia Cantiana ' should heal' the date of 1863 on the title-page, and 1862- 3 on. the cover. • Major Luard was elected Local Secretary for T11nbridge, vice T. Hallowes, Esq., dc3ceased. • The question of a private museum for the Society was introduced, and a genei·al wish expressed that such a scheme might be matured. • Eleven candidates was elected. THE SECOND Meeting was held ·bn June 9, at the house of the Marquess Camden, Grosvenor Square. The President laid before the Council the answer which he had received from the Lords of the Treasury in reply to his request, that the Society might keep the "Treasure Trove," or gold and silver articles, discovered at Sarr; it; was as follows:- " PreaSUlr!J Ohamber'S, 7tlt June, 1864. • " 1\1:y Lo1·d,-I nm directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her irajesty's Treasury to acquaint you, in reply to your letter of the 27th ultimo, that ruy Lords are pleased, on behalf of her Majesty, to present the several nrticles of Treasure Trove, obtained in the excavations. made at Sarr, in the Isle of Tbaoet, by the Kent Archreological Society, to that Society, to remain in their Museum. "I am, my Lord, your obedient servant, "G. A. furu:rLTON'. "The Marquess Oamden, K.G." cl 2 xliv KENT ARCH.lEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. It was finally decided that the General :Meeting for this year should be held at Sandwich. On the motion of Lord Stanhope, seconded by the Rev. Canon Robertson, the following resolutions were carried:- That each Member of this Society shall be at liberty to introduce, free of charge (except for dinner tickets), any members of his owri immediate family. That he shall nlso be at liberty to introduce any strangers, gentlemen or ladies, by means of tickets. • That tickets be issued for this purpose in a printed form by the Committee, to be obtained by any member on application, at the price of 28. 6d. each. That each ticket be marked " not transferable," and be not admitted unless it have in writing the name of the person bearing it and also the signature of the member who has applied for it. The Honorary Secretary gave notice of an addition to the Society's Rule 2, to be proposed at the General Meeting, pro~ viding for the filling up of casual vacancies in the Council. The subject of a private Museum was again much canvassed. Eighteen new mei;nbers were elected. THE SEVENTH Annual General Meeting of the Society was held on the 4th and 5th of .August, at Sandwich. It wns attended by,-The Marquess Camden, K.G., President, and the Ladies Pratt; Sir Brook Bridges, Bart., M.P.; Sir Walter James, Bart., Mr. and Miss James ; Sir Walter Stirling, Bart. ; Lady Dundonald and party ; the Dean of Canterbury and Mias Alford; Charles Wykeham Martin, Esq.; L'Abbe Haignere; the :Rev; Canon Robertson, Mrs. and l.Vliss Robertson; the Rev. Canon Blakesley; J. Kirkpatrick, Esq., and Mrs. Kirkpatrick; G. W. Norman, Esq., and Mr~. Norman; E. Foss, Esq., and Mrs. :Foss; T. "Wright, Esq. ; C. Roach . Smith, Esq. ; M. H. Bloxam, Esq. ; - Richardson, Esq.; the Mayor of Sand,\'ich; the Rev. R. Jenkins; the Rev. ·R. Drake; the Rev. W. Wodehouse; the Rev. F. Scott; the Rev. F. E. Tuke; E. F. S. Reader, Esq.; G. Dowker, Esq. ; J. R. Plnnche, Esq., Rouge Croix; W. H. Black, Esq.; R. E. Hussey, Esq.; G. E. Hannam, Esq. ; W. Gibbs, Esq.; T. G. 1!'aussett, Esq. (Honorary Secretary), and upwards of two hundred others. 1he Preliminary Meeting was held at the Guildhall, which had been kindly lent to the Society by the Mayor and 001·- . SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING. poratio:ri, and "'Vas opened by the reading of the Report, as follows:- The Council of this Society, in presenting to its members the Seventh Annual Report, cannot but congratulate the Society on its . steadily increasing prosperity, from whatever point of view it is regarded. First, as to our numbers. These were reported at our last meeting aa about eight hundred and seventy: we then proceeded to elect twenty-eight new members, and at our Council Meetings have since added, in September, thirteen; in December, nine; iu March, eleven, and in June, eighteen,-making a total of seventy-nine members elected during the year. Thirty-eight more candidates a.re now waitfog for admission, and when, as we hope we may assume, you have elected these, our Society will not number less than nine hundred and fifty members. Though among the youngest, we already form the largest of County Arcbreologicnl Societies. Secondly, as to our finances. Theil' condition is on the whole good, in spite of the somewhat enlarged sphere of expenditure which we have this year admitted. We have at this moment at our Bankers' the sum of £498. 9s. ld. Our printer's bill for our Fifth Volume has just been sent in, and will now be paid, amounting to £808. 8s., 1eaving us still a good margin for our year's expenses and towards our Sixth Volume. Most sad, however, are the shortcomings in our •Bankers' Books from what we might and ought to rend there, and we cannot too strongly urge upon our members, that the usefuluess of ouP Society is seriously impaired by this one blot upon our pro• sperity,-the large number of subscriptions in arrear. We are at this mornent suffering from a deficiency of this nature amounting to more than £300. 'Thirdly, as to what we have done. . Our l;st year's meeting at Penshurst P lace was most successful, and particularly distinguished by the mognificent hospitality with which we were entertained. The historical interest of Penshurst rendered it a most instructive spot for the Meeting, and was ably :illustrated by M1·. J. H. Parker. . The A.rchreological Institute of Great Britain held their Congress last year at Rochester, and · a deputation of our Society, headed by Lord Darnley, cordially welcomed to our county our elder brothers in Arcbreology. We need scarcely add how much the success which .their Congress nchieved was ensured by the Presidency of our own noble President. The Institute did us the honour of expressing much gratification at tbe reception which we gave them . . An euthusi_astic .and valued member of our Society, our l,ocal xlvi KENT .ARCfu'E0LOGICAL socmTY. Seoretnry for Ca~terbury, obtained last year permission for us to make researches m a Saxon cemetery lately discovered at Sarr, in the Isl~. of Thu.net~ and himself conducted them with great energy and ab1hty: In this, one of the best and most legitimate objects of such a Society as ours, we were eminently successful, and have added ma~y n_ew a~d interesting details to our previous knowledge of the Jut1sh inhnb1tants of Kent. Tbe claims of Govemment on the gold and silver found, as Treasure Trove, had been courteously exercised by the gift of them to our own collection. The more portable of tha 1·elics are ex.hibited here to-day, and all will be placed in our museum at Maidstone. Our Museum and Library have also received several kind dona~ tions, and the growing importance and wealth of our collection bririgs us to a subject which bas been much discussed at our Council meetings, where no doubt has prevailed as to the nece~ity which exists of inaugurating a private museum of our own. Placed as our col1ection is at present in a public and very insufficiently guarded build, :u1g, it cannot possibly be exhibited to any ad,•antage. Our gold and silver relics, and we have many now and more promised, can be kept nowhere but atom· Bankers', and become mere bullion in our bands. Our books lie useless in cupboards; one great object of our Society -the full enjoyment of its really good collection-is entirely lost. Much has to be considered and adjusted. The rival claims of Canterbury, :Maidstone, Rochester, and London, as to convenieuce of situation, have to be discussed. The subject of a keeper and the general .financial arrangements require much thought. The Council hopes it is warranted in believu1g, that ns soon as it can propose to you a well-matured scheme for this very desirable object, it may reckon upon the hearty co-operation of the Society in carrying it into effect. We have to foment the loss of some valued members during the past year, among whom the honoured names of Mr. Clayton, of Dover, than whom were few more eminent antiquaries, and that of Mr. Hnllowes, of Tunbridge, one of our most active Local Secretaries, deserve especial mention. Fo:r the two local secretaryships thus vacant, we have been fortunace in securing the services of Major Luard and Dr. Astley. The death of Mr. Clayton occurred in t;he very week of our last Annunl Meeting, and mving to a deficiency in the rules of our Society, bis seat at the Council has remained for a whole year vacant. .A. slight alteration in our second rule, with a vie,v to prevent the recurrence of so long 11, vacancy, will be proposed for your approval. The Fifth Volume of' Archreologia Oantiana' has been lately issued, nnd, as. we hope, "'ill be considered not inferior to its predecessor.a. SEV.ENTil ANNUAL MEETING. xlvii This meeting is held in a somewhat remote corner of our ·county, ancl, full of interest as the neighbourhood is, we cannot expect so large a-n attendance of members as in more central districts. By the exertions of our Local Committee, and by kind permission of Mr. Denne, much of the subtel'l'anean building in the centre of the Caa"'. trurn at Riehborough has been laid open for your inspection, and cannot but be vie,'l'ed with great interest by the Society. W,e hope too, that mainly -owing to the kinduess of another valued member, our temporary museum will be found more than usually interesting. . In conclusion, we can only remind the Society, that fo1· the objects which it ha~ in view, the hearty co-operation of all its members is necessary. We have so grand a tleld for our 01Jeration, in Ii county more eminent in history, and more fertile in relics of the past, than perhaps any other district of Englnnd,-a county, too, which from its situation may be said to be the connecting link between British and Foreign .A.rchreology,-that our very vantage-ground seems to impose upon us the necessity of preserving a position iu the front ranks of antiquarian science. It rests with ourselves that we continue to do so. The following a.Iteration in the Society's Rule 2, of which the Honorary Secretary had given due notice, was then proposed, and carried, viz. that it do now stand as follows (the words in brackets being the additional matter):- 2. The affairs ot' the Society shall be conducted by a 0ouncil, consisting of the President of the Society, the Vice-Presidents, the Honorary Secretary, and twenty.four Members elected out of tlie general body of the Subsc1-ibers. One-fourth of the latter shall retire annually by rotation, but shall nevertheless be re-eligible; [and such re~ tiring, and the new election, shall take place at the Annual General Meeting but any intermediate vacancy among the elected Council shall be' filled up either at the General Meeting or at the next ·council Meeting, whichever shall firat occur.] Five Members of the Council to constitute a quorum." Of the six retiring members of the Council, four were re · elected, Major Luard, Dr. Astley, and G. M. Arnold, Esq., being the new members elected in the place of E. Hussey, Esq., J. Rogers, ]}sq., and the late W. Clayton, Esq. 'rhirty-eight new members we1·e elected, and :with a, vote of thanks to the noble Chai1·man, proposed by Sir Brook Bridges, the Business Meeting .closed. • 1 xlviii KENT ARCHlEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The Society and their friends were then conveyed by train to the Castrum, at Richborough. • Here they were met by Mr. 0. Roach Smith, who delivered a very able and interesting lecture on this and other relics of the Roman occupation of Britain, taking his stand on the cross-shaped foundation built over the wonderful mass of subterranean masonry inside the area of the camp. He afterwards went round parts of the walls, and to the gates, explaining their structure, and comparing them with other specimens of Roman military architecture in England and on the Continent. For some weeks previously to the Meeting, the Society had been engaged, under the superintendence of the Rev. R. Drake and Mr. G. Dowker, and by kind permission of Mr. Denne, the landlord of the Oastrum, in making excavations upon and around the central mass of masomy, and had completed the idea of the late Mr. Rolfe, who 'had dug a gallery more than halfway round the enceinte, hoping to discover an entrance. The Society's attempt, however, proved as unsuccessful as Mr. Rolfe's, and a shaft sunk for the purpose of ascertaining the depth of the masonry had to be abandoned, on account of the springs encountered, at a depth of twenty-five feet. Dinner took place at the Bell Inn at a qnarter-past three o'clock. Upwards of 150 sat down, the Marquess Oamden presiding. The Evening Meeting was held at the Town Hall, where the • Rev. R. Jen.kins delivered a most interesting lecture on the " History of Sandwich." He spoke as follows :- IT rs now somewbat more than t,vo centuries since the corporation of S3:ndwich 'petitioned the House of Commons in behalf of t~eil: town, in words which seem almost prophetic of our present invasion of its quiet scenes. The petition alleges that this Cinque Port is "seated in a place of imminent danger of foreign enemies, and both hath been and still is subject to bear the brunt of any foreign invasion, and is the gate which opens and shuts to the peril or safety of the kingdom." From foreign enemies the desertion of the sea has long since secured it; but it may well submit to the "brunt of an -invasion" from its friends and neighbours of East and West Kent, to whom the. gates of its hospitality have been opened, not (as we may well trust) to the peril, but to the safety and illustration of those SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING. xlix records of other races and other times of which it is the silent and peaceful depositary. The approach to Sandwich from the west must have reminded many of you of those old Flemish pictures of which in earlier day1;1, and at the period when it was the resort of so many sojourners from the Low Countries, it must have frequently formed the subject. The marshes of the foreground, the familiar mills on the left, and the two churches crowning the landscape1 one of which, in its hard outline and quaint ogee cupola, looks almost au importation from Holland,a kind of l>utch bulb,-must bring to mind very forcibly the long connection of the Cinque Ports with tbe havens of tbe Flemish coast; while the broad and impressive Norma.n tower of St. Clement's, the beautiful arcading of which becomes the. most prominent feature of the t.own as we approach it more nearly, carries us back to a still more distant past, when the connectiG>n with Normandy wns read on the .stones of our churche!:I and castles, l'ecalling tbe memory of the great Lanfranc, who, as his biographer tells us, "brought squared stones in swift-sailing ships from Normandy," and with them rebuilt the churches and manor-houses of his See, If we may draw a little on our imagination as we look upon th~ Sandwich of the present, we may fill up the picture, so as to reshore the features of that day of its greatest prosperity. St. Clement's was then a cruciform church, agreeing in all its parts with the stately tower, which it1 the only remaining portion of its first design. St. Peter'a (which even yet is the most interesting church of the three which are left) was doubtless of the same character, for tbe vast quantities of squared Caen stone which l"emain in the buildinK itself and in the• walls and buildings of the .town, give silent witness to the truth of the conjecture. The little church of St. Mary, in which these squared stones still predominate, and in portions of which the masonry is as close and regular as iu the tower of St. Clement's itself, was probably always a church of smaller proportions, corresponding with the greater antiquity of its foundn ... tion. A fourth church, dedicated to St. James, of which only the name and tradition remain, closely adjoined this last1 and ono or the ·other is believed to have represented that branch or cell of tbe great nunnery of Minster which Domneva is said to have established in .Sandwich. Such were the ecclesiastical buildings oft.he town in tbe .twelfth century. Those of a military character, and designed for defence as well as ornament, were not less remarkable, though more difficult to reproduce. We must imagine the Stour a navigable river of considerable width and volume, aud place on the other side of th; bridge which connects Sandwich with the meadows beyond, the tm cient town of St?nar, still reckoned its limb, and then almost its rival. Mr. l~adei:, but for whose zeal and guid~nce Sandwich would hn.ve 1 KENT ARClllEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, almost been a sealed book to us, bas been so fortunate as to trnce out the foundations of the church and adjacent buildings of a11cient Stonar. In the middle of the clump of trees which marks their site we are able now to picture the ancient church, and to add to our view of medireval Sandwich the important feature which iii bas now lost, thus putting together, as it were, the Chatham aud Rochester of East Kent. Along the river, and girding the town, ran the walls or ramparts, which probably in the earliest period were rather de-· signed to mark its boundary than to form a substantial defence ; fo1• the mandate for fortifying the town was not promulgated until the eighth year of Richard II. These walls, as they were subsequently raised and strengthened with towers and gateways (two of whicli latter still remain), must have been a feature of great; importance; and if we carefully study their foundations, still left, we shall form a very clear idea of the advantageous position of the haven, and of"the prosperity which it enjoyed in days when small craft carried on so successfully the commerce of the world. From the gates, which opened upon the river and the low countryto the westward, the nal'row tortuous streets ran ' almost like the limbs of a polypus. Most of you must have already found that though Sandwich bas so long lost in her churches the "ricb windows that exclude the light," she has preserved in her streets the "passages that lead to nothing." .And I may observe that these streets, in their narrowness, their crookedness, and general oblique direction, :illustrate the remarks of M. de Gaumont, the greatest of French archreologists :-" In the nfteenth century," he writes, "our cities p1·esented narrow curved streets, the openings of which rarely corresponded one with another." "In the middle ages," he adds in a note, '' when the principal articles of commerce were transported by beasts of burden, and the use of carriages was nnknown, there wa.s no necessity for large streets. Narrow streets, moreover, appear to have been a tradition. of the Gallo-Roman era. In ancient cities, aud notably in Pompeii, the streets were very narrow. The oblique direction of the streets in our medimval towns is by many writers considered to be the i:esult of a combination of circumstances; either to break the force of the winds and to protect from cold, or better to defend tbe town in case the ,valls should be scaled."* .A.u observation of the remains of the walls and gates (one of which has fortunately been purchased and preserved by Mr. Reader) will at once indicate this tortuosity of the streets as a method of defence. And now that we have endeavoured to restore ancient So.ndwicb not by appealing to our inventive powers (as do so many moder~ Church restorers), but by 1•ecurring to the, records .and relics of the • 'Oours d'A..nt.iquites :Monumentalea,' tome v. p. 465. SEVENTH ANNUAL M.Eb'TING. li town itself, let us fill its silent streets with the bustling groups of its older inbabitants,-from its knightly denizens, whose works of piety still remain, the families of Sandwich, of Septvaua, of Grove, of Loverick, of Ringley, whose costumes have been preserved for us on their monuments at Sandwich, at Ash, and in other neighbouring churches,-frorn these to the Ellises, the Manwoods, and other of the ancient burgher families who allied themselves to the knightly houses,-aud thence to the mixed multitude of French, Flemings, Eost-..A.nglians, and Londoners, who carried on with the nath·e inhabitants a trade so flourishing and so extended as to enable us to regard this port as the Liverpool of medireval England. We may picture it at this time as filled with its light trading vessels, laden with objects of Continental importation, and above all, with the wines of France and Germany, which seem to have been its chief import. For these Sand\vich appears to have been a privileged and principal port ; and we find in the Liber Albus of the City of London that the king's prisnge upon wines is laid down with special reference to the port of Sandwich :-" If the mariners of the ship or of the boat can shew that the king's prisage bas been taken at Sandwiz, or any other seaport," etc.,-" the Chamberlain ought to take nothing at London." '.l.'he ancient custumal of Sandwich, still preserved among the muuiments of the town, enables us to discern this scene of ancient pro- sperity. In this ,ve read the regulations for the town's government; the presentations to its churches; the law for the curfew 11,t St;. Peter's, still rung at this distance of time and in this change of state; the customs and dues of the marlrnt; and in view of all this, find it hard to realize a day when Sandwich 1·epresents the strange anomaly of a port without a haven; a fortress without fortifications, having a perfect code of trading without a trade. Casting our eyes to the seaboard, we may imagine the French or Spanish fleets in the "narrow seas," as the Channel was then called. We may almost see them laud their armies to destroy the town, as they did so fatally in 1215, and again in 1456, two dates which, in connection with the architectural features of the churches, are to be borne clearly in mind. Then we may call to miud the many strange arrivals which the town has witnessed,-the landing of the Saxon heathens and the Christian missi?narie& in its ?eighbourhood, the triumphant landing of St. Thomas a Becket on h1s return from. the Continent, when he was escorted hence to Cante1·bury by thousands of his admirers. We may picture the unhappy pretender Perkin Warbeck, who )11nded between this place aud Deal, and whose pretensions the men of Sandwich had the credit or discredit of being the nrst to resist,-a fidelity acknowledged and rewarded by the then new dynasty of Tudor. Strange as it may seem, as late as 1689 the loyalty and perspicacity lii KENT ARCH1EOLOGICAL SOCIETY. of the natives bad so degenerated, that I find iu an old MS. diary of the to,vn, preserved among its records, the following notice:-" One Cornelius Evans, a Frenchman, came to this town about May, 1689, and feigned himself to be the Prince of Wnles; gained much credit among the people; was uobly entertain~d for awhile ; afterwards was found to be an impostor and secured, but afterwards escaped." The diary of the town, like that of almost every other at this .period; merely presents the ordinary alternations of plenty and scarcity, wonderful deal'ness and as wonderful cheapness; chronic visits oftbe plague; fights in the Channel; royal visits and transits; the vicissi: tudes of the harbour, and capricious inroads and desertions of the sea; falling of church steeples; hopes and fears in relation to th~ harbour, until the last hope held out by Queen Elizabeth faded away before the then terrible vision of £10,000, an impossible sum even to a queen who scarcely thought any demand upon her subjects unrea: sonable. Among the great dearths of the town was one in 1437, in which "bread was made of fitches, peas, and fern-roots." - Among the visitations of the plague that of 1609 may be specially mentioned; while the year 1562 brought a combination of evils, a kind of Pandora's boll:, for there was then (in the words of the MS. which I am ·quoting) a "threefold plague, the pestilence, want of money, and dearth of victuals." .A.nd now we may enter upon modern Sandwich, and endeavour to seize upon every relic which the hand of the spoiler bas not destroyed. The differe.nt kinds of masonry which the walls of the churches, and by a natural imitation those of the more recent buHdings present, will first arrest our attention. I vedure to think that -this element has been too much neglected by our architectUl'al antiquaries. Here in Sandwich we observe three or four different varieties. First, there is that rude kind of b uil