Eltham Palace: Its Chapels and Chaplains

ELTHAM PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS By H.J. PRAGNELL ELTHAM PA.LA.OE as we see it today is represented by a fifteenthcentury Great Hall, stone and brick walls surrounding the moat, and a triple-arched stone bridge thought to have been rebuilt in the reign of Edward IV. The only pictorial record of the complete palace known to exist, the engraving by Peter Stent made about 1650, is inaccurate in some details and is in any case drawn from a considerable distance outside the moated area. It may well be that Stent never saw the palace and made his engraving from somebody else's drawing. Nonsuch Palace which was once thought to have little pictorial evidence surviving is rich in comparison with Eltham. We are fortunate, however, in possessing two plans of Eltham by John Thorpe which are thought to have been made about 1590 but may in fact be slightly later. Accounts for 1603-04 record payment for 'measuring' the plan of the house,1 whereas no such payment occurs in the accounts c. 1590 though the annual records of repair work are complete for this period. One plan covers the outer court, the other the moated area. Both have been carefully studied and were redrawn as a single plan for inclusion in Clapham and Godfrey's Famous Buildings and their Story, 1913. From the plan of the moated area it is possible to see the approximate shape and proportions of the Great Cl􀃂apel as it existed in the sixteenth century. This plan will be referred to later in connection with the rebuilding of the chapel by order of Henry VIII. Before studying the chapel of Eltham Palace it must be pointed out that medieval building and exchequer accounts can be very confusing, as to which chapel is referred to. Besides the 'Great Chapel' which is occasionally referred to as the 'King's Great Chapel', presumably because he held the manor, there were the King's and Queen's small or private chapels, often referred to as oratories. From the accounts I assume references to the King's oratory and to the King's chapel to be the most likely to refer to the small private chapel for royal devotion. Eltham Manor as a royal property dates from 1305 when Anthony Bee, Bishop of Durham, presented the manor and newly-built manor house to Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Edward I. Bee, however, 1 E 351/3239 m 26. 205: ELTH.A.M: PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS continued to use it as a residence and died there in 1311. Afterwards it became a favourite residence of Edward-now King, and his Queen Isabella. Prior to Bee receiving the manor in 1295 it was held by the V esci family. A chapel must have existed from its earliest days. Certainly Bishop Bee would have had one, but we have no information about such a building, nor in fact any knowledge of the building works prior to Bee's building on the site about the turn of the thirteenth century. The first reference to the chapel occurs in the wardrobe accounts and is to the christening there in 1316 of Prince John of Eltham, Edward II's second son. 'To Godyn Hautayn, valet of the Queen, sent by her on the last day of July in the present tenth year, to the Lord Bishop of Norwich and the Earl of Lancaster in Lincolnshire, requesting them to come to Eltham to stand sponsers to her son John-for his wages from that day to the 16th August, when he returned to the court at Eltham 16s. Delivered to John de Founteneye, clerk of the Queen's chapel, one piece of Turkey cloth, and one of cloth-of.gold for arraying the font in which the Lord John, son of the King, was baptized, Eltham, 20th of August; and to Stephen Faloyse, the Queen's tailor, five pieces of white velvet for making thereof a certain robe against the churching of the Queen after the birth of her said son. '2 We have no references to the fabrics of the chapel at this period, it is from the 1350s and '60s that building records first occur. The first allusion to the 'Great Chapel' is in the exchequer accounts for 1366-67. 'To Bernard Glasiere for glass of 1 great window in the great chapel of the manor aforesaid £6 6s. 8d.'3 ... 'and to Richard Pode for one door for the chapel there, made at task 2s. 6d.'4 In the accounts for 1367-68 there is record of the purchase of cord for the chapel bells,6 and in 1371, payment of 3d. to Richard Albone 'for a rope ... for the chapel bell'.6 The chapel organ is mentioned in 1375-76 when Richard Pode, Peter Randde and Peter Brydde were paid 6d. a day each, 'for making a case for the organ and for other tasks'.7 The first reference to an oratory occurs in the accounts for 1358-59. 'To Nicholas Donmowe for one piece of timber, bought for the lintle of the oratory ... 10s.' and 'John Bray, for ... lead ... for the aforesaid oratory £40' .8 This would possibly imply the building of a new oratory. 2 Archaeol,ogia, xxvi ( 1836), 386, a E 101/493/12 m 9. ' E 101/498/12 m 9. 6 E 101/493/30 m 1. o E 101/494/15 m 1. · 7 E 101/494/28 m 8. s E 101/493/4 m 4. 206 ELTHAM PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS The exact position of the Great Chapel with its relation to immediately surrounding buildings is hard to ascertain without any early building plan but it may have covered appro;ximately the same area as Henry VIII's chapel but slightly to the north. We only have records of one rebuilding, that of Henry Vill about 1515. The Great Chapel may, however, have been rebuilt or certainly altered during previous reigns without record. During the reign of Henry VI instructions were issued for the rebuilding of the hall, scullery and lodgings for the reception of Henry's bride, Margaret of Anjou. What is known of the furnishings of the Great Chapel 1 E:xchequer accounts for Henry Vl's reign refer briefly to them which suggest that it may then have been undergoing redecoration. '1300 nails bought from John Page ... for making the hautepace (balcony) to be made within the Great Chapel in the manner of a roodloft .. . with a winding stair ... price of lOO-6d.'9 Seven carpenters worked on this balcony, or loft for 21 days.10 The lower part of the walls, that is below the level of the windows, was probably hung with tapestries as there is recorded in 1399-1400 the purchase of '400 nails bought from John Page for making double rails in the Great Chapel for hanging cloths of gold on'.11 Accounts do not seem to mention the construction of the floor. At St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, it was of Purbeck marble. The floor at Eltham might, however, have been tiled.In the reign of Henry III tilers laid out the great circular pavement in the chapel at Clarendon, Wilts., of green and yellow tiles. There is also reference to a cellar beneath the chapel which may well have preceded that building.12 The windows of the Great Chapel are often referred to in accounts, but entries relating to glass can be confusing as they could also be for the small chapels or oratories. We can assume the following entry refers to the Great Chapel 'glass bought from William Burght of white, blue, green, and red for repair and mending of the windows of the hall and chapel ... 10s., also 7 lb. lead for mending said windows 8d., 3 lb. solder-6d. per lb., 35 lb. solder for repairing roof of hall, chapel, and other defects there'.13 The earliest references to a permanent chaplain at Eltham occur in 132614 and 1330.15 Peter was then chaplain of the Manor ofMaundevill in Eltham at a rent of £9 a year. He was still chaplain in the 134Os, as in March, 1345, 'Peter was to receive 3d. a day, and a robe yearly out of the issues of the manor, and a chamber by the gate within the 0 E 101/496/7 m 1. 1o E 101/496/7 m 2. 11 E 101/502/15 m 5. 11 E 101/502/15 m 4. 18 E 101/502/15 Ill 4. H C.P.R., 1324-2'7, 323. 16 Fine Rolls, 1327-37, 215. 201 ELTHAM PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AJ."\;J"D CHAPLAINS moat of the manor for his habitation, as well as sufficient brushwood for his firing in the park of the manor, to celebrate divine service in the chapel of the manor for the souls of Edward [II) the King's father, John his brother, and his progenitors Kings of England.'16 As chaplain Peter seems to have had further manorial duties, as in July, 1345, the order was made to allow him his own wages as well as those of the King's Parker and Gardener there ' ... because of his expenses in maintaining houses, gates, and mills within the manor' .17 During the reign of Richard II, in 1384-88, there is a reference to a chamber of a Rector of the chapel the only occasion he is mentioned in Eltham's building records. It reads 'a Rector of the same Lord King'.18 It probably refers to the head of the King's chapel travelling round with the household and not to a chaplain permanently attached to the manor. To a certain extent confusion over the chapels and oratories is resolved by the following extract of tasks in 1399-1400, 'to William Offord, Cementer, for laying various stones newly formed work into mullions with making of various bases for certain windows of the King's chapel there. For strengthening the same ... 40s.'19 'And to Thomas Parker, glazier, for mending defects of various windows in the said chapel and the King's and Queen's other small chapel ... lO0s.' 20 One further complication is, however, presented by the appearance of a new 'King's Oratory' in the accounts of 1402-03, '35 wainscot boards for the ceiling of the new oratory'. Considerable expenditure was made on the oratory which contained '6 shet wyndowes' 3 bay windows and three other windows.21 The Great Chamber was also being replaced or altered as 3,500 ceiling nails were bought from Robert Banham for 'fixing the ceiling of the chamber and oratory, and the King's old oratory at the end of the said Great Chapel'. The old oratory would seem now to be intended for domestic use, with the inserting of a fireplace in it.22 The term 'oratory' is hard to define, certainly the earlier references to those at Eltham. An oratory in a medieval manor-house or castle could just be an altar or statue set in an alcove or the thickness of a wall. On the other hand it may be in the shape of a very small chapel seating the sovereign or lord, and his or her immediate staff. At Eltham they would most likely have adjoined the King's or Queen's Great Chamber for convenience of access as well as privacy. Although glass was expensive it would most 1° C.P.R., 1343-45, 446. 11 C.O.R., Edw, III, pt. 2, 607. u E 101/478/2 m 12. 10 E 101/473/2 m 13. 20 E 101/473/2 m 21. 21 E 101/502/24 m I. 21 E 101/602/24 m 2. 208 ELTHAM PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS certainly be found in a royal chapel or oratory as indeed it was at Eltham which we know from early building accounts, such as when Thomas Parker, between 1384 and 1388, inserted 4 ft. of 'flourished' glass with a border of the arms of England into the King's private chapel.23 The position of the new oratory is hard to fix: but two cementers were 'engaged in making an arch in a window of the Great Chapel, for putting the said new oratory there'.24 This oratory, 'annexed to the said Great Chapel was to be in length 16½ feet, in breadth 13 feet'.25 The walls were of plaster.26 An interesting reference is made in the accounts to 19 iron bars weighing 15 lb., 6 lb. of solder and 5 lb. of cast lead for glazing the window the Great Chapel above the King's oratory.27 This would seem quite reasonable if all chapel windows started 10 or more feet from the ground. The intervening space could then be hung with tapestry. In St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, beneath the sill of each window were paintings of religious subjects on rectangular panels about 12 ft. above the ground. The intervening space was occupied by a wall arcade containing painted figures of angels with extended wings holding pieces of drapery on which were represented doves, spread eagles, elephants and castles. The arcade which projected about a foot from the wall was surmounted by a battlemented cornice displaying the arms of the royal family and the English baronage.28 Without knowledge of the plan of the Great Chapel of the fourteenth/ fifteenth centuries the location of this oratory must remain unknown. It may have been above ground level as there is payment for two carpenters making a stairway at the entrance to the King's oratory,29 but this is most likely to have been a linking stairway with the royal apartments, although in the same account there is payment to William Ufford for 'laying one doorway and a stairway called a vice (winding) in the Great Chapel ... and a wider stairway with a vault over it'. Whenever royalty stayed at the palace the chapel must have been in constant use. Few records or descriptions have, however, come to light of events in the chapel and it is to other royal palaces that we must tum for knowledge of ritual and ceremony. The Wardrobe accounts of Richard !I's reign do, however, record his visits to E1tham where on major feast-days he would, besides attending High Mass in the Chapel, make a special offering for the needs of the Church, make payment to the preacher, and distribute a4ns to the poor. 23 E 101/473/2 m 21. 11 E 101/502/24 m 2. 25 E 101/502/24 m 2. to E 101/502/24 m 2. a7 E 101/502/25 m 4. 2s History of the J{.ing'B WorkB, i, 519. au E 101/473/2 m 13. 209 ELTRAM PAL.ACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS In 1383 during High Mass celebrated on the feast of the Epiphany the King offered, 'in price of a gold noble, offered with myrrh and incense-6s. 8d. In like offerings of the lord king made on the day of the Purification of blessed Mary in the same chapel in price of 5 gold nobles fixed in their wax-33s. 4d . .. .'30 On Good Friday, 1390, 'in offerings of the lord King made in adoning the Cross . . . in price of 3 gold nobles and 5s.s terling-25s.'Sl The sum of 6s. 8d. seems to have been the amount offered on all but rare occasions. On Easter Day, 1390, at the ceremony of venerating the Cross to commemorate Christ's death and Resurrection the King offered 6s. 8d., and again later the same morning during the celebration of High Mass.32 On major feasts when the King was in residence at Eltham the preacher at High Mass might be a visitor-often a member of a regular religious order. For preaching before the King during High Mass on Easter Day, 1390, Brother Robert Yvory, Master of Theology, Provincial of the Carmelite Friars, received 40s.sa At Christmas, 1392, Brother John Syward, Master of Theology of the Order of Preachers {Dominicans) also received payment of 40s. for preaching, but this was by no means the amount paid to all preachers. Brother John Depyng, also a Dominican, received only 6s. 8d. for preaching 'before the lord King in the chapel within the manor of Eltham on the day of St. Edward the Confessor' {13th October).84 Alms-giving at Eltham especially at Easter seems to have been on a large scale. With such large numbers of poor receiving alms, any formal ceremony in the Chapel would seem to have been impossible. It would seem most probable that the poor collected in the outer court to receive their gift. On Palm Sunday, 1390, Richard atte Felde, the King's Almoner, distributed 6d. to 96 poor men. On Good Friday, 1598, poor men received 4d. each 'distributed by the own hands of the Lord King-£26. 12. 8.'85 Later the same day Richard Felde distributed £14 between 3,120 poor men. The King again distributed Maundy alms to the poor of Eltham at Easter, 1393.' In moneys by the own hands of the same lord our King distributed to 2602 poor men on Good Friday in the morning ... to each 4d.-£43. 7. 4.'36 It is unlikely that Eltham maintained a permanent choir of boychoristers although the children of the chapel are referred to in the Christmas celebrations of 1515. Since the royal court was continually travelling and might only be at Eltham for about a month in the year the choristers would probably travel with the court. 30 E 101/401/2 f 87. 31 E 101/402/5 f 26. " E 101/402/6 f 26. 33 E 101/402/5 f 26. 84 E 101/402/5 f 26. 86 E 101/402/5 f 26. s• E 101/402/10 f 38 v. 210 ELTHAM PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS The Chaplain would most likely have celebrated daily Mass and Vespers, and other parts of the sacred office would have been performed on greater feast days. The christening of Prince John of Eltham in 1316 has already been referred to. The next royal ceremony in the Chapel of which we have record is the betrothal on 3rd April, 1402, of Henry IV to Princess Johanna of Navarre. In the absence of the bride one of Henry's male attendants, Anthony Ricze acted as her representative. 'Henry put the wedding ring on the finger of the envoy who speaking in Johannas stead, took Henry for the ladys husband37 and plighted him her troth.' In 1480, there occurred in the chapel, the baptism of Edward IV's infant daughters Katherine and Bridget, both born at Eltham. The privy purse expenses of Elizabeth of York record various items of expenditure in the chapel between April and September. Nails were purchased to help in the covering of the font. Princess Bridget of York was born on 10th November, 1480, and baptised the next day by the Bishop of Chichester. A document in the British Museum describes the ceremony. 'Furste C Torches borne by Knightes, Esquiers and other honneste Parsonnes. The Lorde Matrevers Beringe the Basen, Havinge a Towell' aboute his necke. Therle of Northumberlande beringe A Taper not light'. Therle of Lincolne the Salte. The Cana.pee borne by iij Knightes and A Baron. My lady Matrevers dyd here A Ryche Crysom Pynned Over her lefte breste. The Countess of Rychemond did Bere The princesse. My lorde Marques Dorsette Assisted her. My lady the Kinges Mother and my lady Elizabethe were godmothers at the Fonte. The Busshoppe of Winchester Godfather. And in the Tyme of the christeninge The officers of Armes caste on theire cotes. And then were light' all' the foresayde Torches. Presente theise noble men ensuenge. The Duke of Yorke. The lorde Hastinges, the Kinges chamberlayn. The Jorde Stanley, Stewarde of the Kinges house. The lorde Dacres, the quenes chamberlein, and many other astates. And when the sayde Princesse was christened, A Squier helde the Basens to the gossyppes, and even by the Fonte my lady Matravers was godmother to the conformacion. 37 Wylie, Li,fe of Henry IV, i, 262-3, 306; iv, 289. 211 ELTHA.M PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS And from thens she was borne before the high' aulter, And that Solempnitee doon she was Borne eftesonys into her Parclosse, Accompenyed with the Astates Aforesayde. And the lorde of Sainte Joanes brought thither A Spic[ed] plate. And At the sayde Parclose the godfather and the godmothers gave greate gyftes to the sayde princesse. Whiche gy ftes were borne by knightes and esquiers before the sayde Princesse, turnenge to the quenes chamber Againe, well' Accompanyed As yt Apperteynethe, and after the custumme of this Realme. Deo gracias.'SS During the reign of Henry VII the palace apartments underwent considerable reconstruction including the building of the 'fair west front'. The building accounts of Thomas Warley, Clerk of the Works, list the expenses involved in the transfer of the King's oratories, probably to the new apartments.39 The rebuilding of the Great Chapel by command of Henry VIII is one of the only records relating specifically to a new chapel. 'To take downe our olde Chapell, and a newe to be sett up and made of Tymbr' worke sett upon a vawte (cellar) with a fowndacion of Stone of a convenyent hight for savegarde of the said Tymbre Works, and the same Chapell to bee sett xii fote ner the hall than the olde Chapell doeth, the whiche newe chapell to be made with a flat roof imbatelled and coverede with lea.de, and twoo Closettes within the same florthyde with the heyght of the Galory commyng to the same with necessary stayers going downe to the said Closettes into the same Chapell with a part close stalls and settes convenyent within it, and the Rouf to be trymmede, celed with plaster and garnysshed with suche workes as we shall devyse for the same, and with commely wyndowes most Chapellyke as well as the high auter as oon boeth sydes necessarye to bee had.'40 Reconstruction was ordered about 1515 or soon after as a Royal Warrant for furnishing the chapel was issued in the sixth year of Henry's reign (Appendix I). The time it took to rebuild the chapel remains unknown. Building accounts as late as 1542 refer to payments made to plasterers ' ... workyng in plastering the Kyng[esJ chapel',41 although the State Domestic papers for December, 1530, refer to materials for 'finishing, the King's Chapel'. From Thorpe's plan of the inner court we can gain a good idea of as Add. MSS. 6113, f. 74, 74 v, 30 B. Mus. Eg. 2368, f. 50, 1500-01. ,o E 101/497 /1 f 5, u Rawlinson MSS. D 781, f. 37. 212 ELTHAM PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS the chapel plan and layout. It was about 96 ft. long and 31 ft. wide and was lit by 13 windows. The altar at the east end was raised above the level of the nave of the chapel by four steps. At the west end were connecting stairs with the Royal apartments ascending within angle turrets. The apartment on the north side was of a single storey as the chapel windows on that side seem in no way to be obscured. This was very probably the Sacristy where chapel treasures, including silver and vestments, would be kept. Stent's print of about 1650 does not show the chapel except for a gable end where the roof might be expected to appear. Since this chapel is supposed to have had a flat roof, this gable may have had nothing to do with it unless possibly it housed a bell. It is very hard to compare Eltham's Great Chapel with contemporary royal chapels elsewhere. None have survived except the chapel of St. George at Windsor, but this is on a grand scale to be compared with King's College Chapel, Cambridge, both in size and architectural style. A chapel was an important part of the royal household and would be a major feature in the medieval royal manor. Eltham, rebuilt by order of Henry VIII, appears in several building accounts and was about 96 ft. long and 31 ft. wide, as already mentioned. An earlier chapel in the lower ward of Windsor Castle built by Henry III in 1240-45 was to be 70 ft. long and 28 ft. wide. Still larger was St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, built by Edward I, which was about 90 ft. long and 30 ft. wide. St. Stephen's was a two-storied building with the main chapel on the first floor, and a subsidiary chapel below. Confusion over chapels seems to be a nightmare of archaeologists and historians, Eltham is no exception. At Clarendon there was the King's and Queen's Chapel as well as the large chapel dedicated to All Saints with a nave and chancel. The dedication of Eltham's Great Chapel remains obscure. The Chapel Royal at Rampton Court is smaller although about contemporary with the rebuilding of Eltham's Great Chapel by Henry VIII. It does, however, give us a slight idea of the possible appearance of Eltham's Tudor Chapel, although it is in brick. The interior has been considerably altered but the gallery survives to show us the position of the royal family at service, with the retainers of the royal hous·ehold below. The gallery naturally had direct access to the royal apartments. When Wolsey drew up his Statutes of Eltham in 1520 he referred to the keeping of the 'King's noble chapel' and that the solidarity of the royal household is to be set upon spiritual foundations at all times. 'On Roly days the first dinner was to begin after the King had gone to chapel.' These Statutes were not specifically referring to life at Eltham but to all royal residences at which the King might stay; It was in 213 ELTHAM PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS the Great Chapel of Eltham on Christmas Eve '1515' after 'Vespers' that Wolsey took the oath of office as Lord Chancellor before the King.42 After the reign of Henry VIII the Great Chapel at Eltham began its sad decline. The la.st permanent chaplain was Robert Buste appointed in 1528 to have a chantry in the manor with the chantry-priests' house. He survived the reign of Henry and was in possession in Edward VI's reign. As Buste is described in July, 1553, as 'late of perpetual chantry within that manor', although still in possession of the chantry and chantry-priests' house he would seem to have ceased to officiate. On 6th July, 1553, the priest-house and perpetual chantry were to revert to John Gates upon Buste's death. Gates was in fact executed a few months later. The priest-house was probably over the gatehouse to the inner-court only a few yards from the chapel. Buste may be dead by November, 1553, as the chantry-priests' house and Buste's former office of keeper of Horne Park were all transferred to Henry Jern:ingha.m from Gates on the latter's attainder.43 During the reign of Elizabeth, chapel repairs are infrequent and by the first year of James I's reign decay seems to be widespread for work had to be done, among other things, on the shoring up of the side of the gallery going to the chapel, and the raising of the roof of the gallery where it had sunk.44 The reign of Ja.mes I contains various records of repairs to the lead and guttering of the chapel. The last building accounts relating to it are those of Henry Wickes-Paymaster of Works in 1623-24 in connection with the roof and guttering,45 and in 1627-28 when the boards of the floors by the organs were mended,46 We have no record of the demolition of the Great Chapel although it was probably soon after the Parliamentary Survey made in 1649 which said it was then panelled. The chapel, together with the other apartments, was most likely demolished to provide local building materials. The foundations probably still lie fairly intact beneath the lawn between the bridge and Great Hall. Remains did in fact come to light during excavations for the building of Eltham Hall between 1933-36, and part of the north-west corner can be seen in a plan published in the Architectural Review, October, 1936. All our knowledge therefore of this fascinating aspect of Eltham's royal history must be learnt from the study of medieval rolls and exchequer accounts and the surviving plan of the palace buildings by John Thorpe. u Lettera and Papera DomesUo Henr1J VIII, ii, pt. 1 (1513-18), 350. '3 O.P.R. (1547-53), v, 234; O.P.R. (1553-54), 404. o E 351/3239 m 25 d. ,a E 351/3240 m 10; E 351/3257 m 13. ,8 E 851/3261 m 11 d. 214 ELTHAM PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS Al>PENDIX I Royal Warrant for furnishing the Chapel at Eltham 6 HEN VIII. By the King. Henry R. We woll & comande you that upon the sight herof ye prpay'e and ordeigne all suche stuf as shalbe necessarie for the altre of or chapell wt:in or manor of Elth'm as by the p'cells hereafter following: Furst, iij ells one qurter of hereclothe; Also an other aultre-clothe of iiij ells di to lye next the herecloth; Also vij ells of fyner clothe for two aultre clothes; Also iiij ells for towells for the aultre for the lavatorie; Also a payer of new candellsticks of tynne or laten; Also an holy water stok of laten or tynne wt a springkle; Also iiij ells of canvas lyned wt bocrame to kever wt the aultre from dust; Also a new antifyner or a portal prec. vjs viijd.; Also a fyne corporas clothe wt a case, the one side crimosin welvett, and the other white damaske; Also a new vestment for holydayes of white damaske wt a crosse of crymosyn velvet wt albe and amys; Also anather aultre clothe of clothe of Bawdekin fringed, conteyning in lenght iiij yards, iij q'rters, and one yerde one naile depe; Also a stronge cheste to stand at the aultre end wt lockes and keyes to kepe in the said stuff. Not fayling hereof as ye tendre or pleasr. And these or l'tres shalbe yor sufficient warraunt and discharge in that behalf. Given undre our signet at or manor of Elth'm above said, the ix dayee of July, the vj yere of or reigne. To or trusty and welbeloved Sir Andrew Windsor Master of or grete warderobe. From Gentlema.n's Magazine, June, 1837, p. 592. Peter de Eltham John Pollesworth Henry .. John Sampson .. John Monk John Sweteman Thomas Odyham Adam Nunne .. William Sa.reason John Rycroft .. 18 Al>PENDIX II 0ruPLAINS OF ELTKAM PAL.A.OE 215 1326-45 1360-61 1363-65 1365-67 1367-76 1377-78 1367-78 pre 1399-1413 1413-39 1439-43 ELTHAM PALACE: ITS CHAPELS AND CHAPLAINS Henry Lesyngham 1443-44 John Hankeston 1444-14(56]? William Rees 1445-55 John Elrissh 1455-56 John Amyas 1456-78 Henry Brocas 1478-1506 Oliver Langton 1485 Thomas Turnaunt 1506-10 William Wright 1510-13 Henry Rowt 1513-26 Ricard Story 1526-28 Robert Buste 1528-53 BIBLIOGRAPHY Mention of Eltham Palace occurs in many books on English architecture and history. A few of the major works of reference on the subject are: J.C. BuoKLER. An Historical and Descriptive Account of the Royal Palace of Eltham (1828). H. DUNN.AGE and C. LA.VER. Plans, Elevations, Sections of the GTeat Hall of the Royal Palace of Eltham (1828). H. H. DRAKE. The Hundred of Blackheath (1886). R. C. C. GREGORY. The Story of Royal Eltham (1909). A. W. Cu:PruM and W. H. GODFREY. Some Famous Buildings and their Story (1913). ROYAL CoMMISSION ON HISTORICAL MONUMENTS, East London Survey (1930). RoY BROOK, The Story of Eltham Palace (1960). A. EMERY. 'Eltham Palace' paper in Archreologw Oantiana, lxxiv (1960). H. M. COLVIN. History of the King's Works (1963). 216