ULCOMBE, IRELAND AND THE ST. LEGERS
By RIOHARD c. STONE, B.A.
THE family of St. Leger, seated at tncombe since the Conquest, produced
in the sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries a number of
administrators and soldiers who played notable parts in Anglo-Irish
history. Of these the most distinguished by far was Sir Anthony St.
Leger, K.G. (11496-1559), who is commemorated as follows on a mural
tablet in the north chapel ofUlcombe church:
SIR .ANTHONY SENTLIGER KNIGHT OF THE MOST HONOR.ABLE ORDER OF
TRE GARTER, GENTLEMAN OF THE !'RIVIE CKAM.BER .AND EM:PLOYD
IN MOST HONOR.ABLE OFFICES VNDER THE MOST RENOWNED HENRY THE
EIGHT A.ND EDW.A.RD TRE SIXT lUNGES, TWICE LORD DEl'VTY OF IRELAND
BY WHOSE lt'iEA.NES IN ms ll'IBST GOVERNMENT THJll NOBILITIE AND
COMMONS
THERE WERE INDVCED BY GENER.ALL AND FREE CONSENT TO GEVE
VNTO HENRIE THE EIGHT KING OF ENGLAND IN THAT PROVINCE
.ALLSO REGALIA IVRA THE TITLE AND SCEPTER OF KmGE TO HIM AND
HIS POSTERITIE FOR EVER WHOSE l'RAEDEOESSORS BEFORE WERE
ENTITVLED
ONLY LORDES OF IRELAND
THIS GR.AV E OOVNCELLOVR AFTER THIS COVRSE OF LIFE SPENT
IN THE SERVICE OF THIES TWO RARE AND REDOVBTED XINGES
RA YING ENDVRED NEVERTHELESS SOME CROSSES IN THE TYMl!J OF
QVEENE MARY .AND YET LIVING TO SEE THE FOELIOIOVS RAIGNE
OF OVlt PRESENT PEERLESS QVEENE ELIZABETlt DEPART.ED ANNO
SALVTIS 1559 AGED .A.BOUT 63 YEARES
Before proceeding to Irish affairs, it will be best to outline briefly
the earlier history of the St. Legers, and to note in passing some of their
monuments. 'According to tradition', Sir Robert St. Leger supported
the hand of the Conqueror when he stepped ashore in England; he later
took up his abode at tncombe. Radulph St. Leger fought under Richard
I at Acre; three brothers St. Leger were knighted by Edward I for
chivalry at Oaerla.verock (1300). Of these Sir Ralph had received under
Henry ID the grant of a weekly market at Ulcombe and of a fair to be
held on November 1st and the two days following.l Another Ralph
was summoned to Parliament in 1344, and his son Sir Arnold in 1376.
The latter's younger brother Thomas St. Leger is commemorated by a.
fine brass (1408) in Otterden church.
1 R. Furley, History of the Weald of ICent, vol. II (i) (1874), 54.
111
R.C. STONE
Presumably, Geoffrey St. Leger, Bishop of Ossory, under whom
Kilkenny Cathedral was completed in the years after 1260, was a, member
of the family. If so, this was an early and isolated connection with
Ireland.
John St. Leger, Sheriff of Kent in 1431, married Margery, daughter
of James Donnett, of Rainham. The memorial of this James Donnett is
a brass inscription (1409) in Rainham church;2 that of John is the
brass of a man in armour of the Lancastrian period which is mounted on
a board in the north aisle of Ulcombe church.2 (The inscription is
missing.) John St. Leger died in 1442, leaving four sons. The eldest,
Ralph, was appointed by Edward IV Constable of Leeds Castle in 1470,
and died in the same year. His brass is a singularly fine one, and the
best of the monuments at Ulcombe. He is shown in armour of the
utmost weight and elaboration, his head resting on a helmet bearing
the crest of the St. Legers, a griffin passant or. (Their arms, Azure
fretty argent, a chief or, may be seen in medieval glass in the east
window of the north chapel at Ulcombe and in one of the nave windows
at Nettlestead.) His wife Anne (nee Prophete) is depicted in butterfly
head-dress and a very low-cut gown. The inscription reads:
Orate pro aiabus Radu'f;phi Sentleger Armigeri et Anne uxoris sue qui
quide Radulphus obiit
undecimo die mensis NovemJJris Anno Dni Millio OOOOlxxO. Quor
animabus ppiciet' de' Amen.*
Anne married as her second husband John Elmbrigge and reappears
on their brass at Merstham, Surrey (1473).2 Her third husband was Sir
William Peche, but his brass at Lullingstone (1487) shows her not
although she survived him.
Ralph's brother Sir Thomas reached the peak of social eminence in
marrying Anne, sister of King Edward IV, but having participated with
other Kentish notabilities-especially the Woodvilles of the Motein
Buckingham's unsuccessful rising against Richard III, he was executed
in 1483. His daughter Anne married Sir George Manners and was
ancestress of the Dukes of Rutland.
* Translat ion of inscription to Ralph St. Leger, 1470.
Orate pro a(n)i(m)abus Radulphi Sentleger .Armigeri et Anne uxoris sue qui
quide(m) Radulphus obiit
Undecimo die mensis Novembris Anno D(omi)ni Mill(es)i(m)o CCCCixx0 Quor(urn)
.Animabus p(ro)pioiet(ur) de(us) Amen.
Pray for the souls of Ralph St. Leger Esquire and Anne his wife
whioh ao.id Ralph died
Eleventh day of month of November A,D, 1470 whose
aouls may God pardon Amen.
1 R. Griffin and Mill Stephenson, List of M1mumentai B'fasses remaininu in the
Oount;y of Kent (1922).
112
ULCOMBE, IRELAND A.J.'ID THE ST. LEGERS
James, the fourth brother, married Ann, daughter and heiress of
Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormonde. Her sister Margaret married Sir
William Boleyn and was the grandmother of Anne Boleyn-another
royal connection. Through his wife Sir James became possessed of
Annery in Monkleigh in Devon,3 where he is commemorated by another
brass (1509). His son Sir George was Sheriff of Devon tempo 22 Henry
VIII, but the grandson Sir John sold Annery.
Ralph's heir was another Ralph, who married Elizabeth, daughter
of Sir John Hawte, of Ightham Moat, and was Sheriff of Kent in 1503.
Their eldest surviving son was Sir Anthony, the Lord Deputy of Ireland.
Sir Anthony St. Leger was born probably in 1496; at the age of
twelve he was sent 'to get grammar learning' in Italy. According to the
Dictionary of National Biography, he was agent of Cromwell 'in the
demolition of suppressed abbeys'. (His own brother Arthur was Prior
of Leeds 1528, acknowledged the royal supremacy in 1534 and, probably
well knowing the way the wind was blowing, resigned in favour of
Thomas Day, who surrendered the Priory in 1540. No-one can have been
surprised when the site and buildings with 323 acres were demised by
the Crown to Anthony in the same year. Arthur died as the non-resident
Rector of Hollingbourne and was buried there on 22nd May, 1569.)4
St. Leger rose into high favour at Court, and in 1537 was placed at
the head of a commission 'for the ordre and establishment to be taken
and made touching the hole state of our lande of eland'. He arrived
in Dublin on 8th September, 1537. After travelling extensively in the
Pale, in Tipperary and elsewhere, he reported that Ireland was much
easier to be won than to be retained, 'for onelesse it be peopled with
others than be there alredy and ·also certain fortresses there buylded
and warded, if it be gotten the one daye it is loste the next' (State Papers
Henry 8, ii 534, vide D.N.B.).
In 1539, Anthony was knighted, escorted Anne of Cleves on her
journey to England to marry Henry VIII, and became Sheriff of Kent.
Since the discovery of the New World, the strategic importance of
Ireland had increased, and with the establishment of a strong centralized
government under the Tudors it was inevitable that an attempt
would be made to bring the country under more effective English
control. At first Henry VIII tried like his predecessors to rule through
the great Anglo-Irish nobles, but in the 1530's, after troubles with the
Fitzgeralds, Earls of Kildare, whose family had provided several
viceroys, English Lords Deputy were appointed in the persons first of
Skeffington and then of Lord Leonard Grey. The latter was recalled
early in 1540 to face several charges, including one of conniving at the
escape of an important Fitzgerald prisoner.
a Riadon, Sur•vey of Devon (1811 edition), 276.
'J. Cove Brown, The St(Y("y of Hollirigbourne, (1890), 60.
113
I
= Ralph St. Leger
j summoned to Parliament 1344
I
Sir Arnold=
summoned to Parliament 1376
I
Ralph=
I
Sir John
T
Margery, dau. and heiress
d. 1442 of James Donnett
Thomas of= Juliana, dau. and
Otterden I heiress of Nicholas Pot),1
d. 1408
Joan = Henn• Aucher
(or ?.Iary)
I
Anne, dau. of=
l
Ralph Bartholomew = Blanche, dau.
.John Prophete d. 1470 of Lord Fitzwalter
Ra ph -
1
Elizabeth, dau. of
Sir John Hawte*
I
Sir Thomas =
i
Anne, sister of
d. 1483 .King Edward IV
Ann = Sir George
Manners
I
d. 1509 Earl of Ormonde
Sir James =
,
Anne, dau. of Thomas But.Jar
I
John
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