Front matter, Volume 125

Archæologia Cantiana

Images of Kent No. 3. ‘The Road from Blackheath to Lewisham’ (from the KAS Library Collections)

Archæologia Cantiana

Being Contributions to the History and Archaeology of Kent

VOLUME CXXV

2005

Published by the

KENT ARCHÆOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Registered Charity no. 223382

© 2005 Kent Archaeological Society

ISSN 0066-5894

Produced for the Society by Past Historic, Kings Stanley, Gloucestershire

Printed in Great Britain

NOTICES

1. Neither the Council nor the Hon. Editor is answerable for opinions put forward in this work. Each contributor is alone responsible for the contents of his/her paper.

2. ‘Notes for the Guidance of Contributors to Archaeologia Cantiana’ is published in this volume at pp. 431-2.

3. An expansion of membership would enable the Society to publish a larger volume of material and provide more practical assistance for private researches. Information about the Society’s activities and forms of application for membership may be obtained from the Hon. General Secretary (A.I. Moffat, Three Elms, Woodlands Lane, Shorne, Gravesend, Kent, DA12 3HH). Members are urged to encourage friends and colleagues, interested in archaeology/history, to join the Society. Young people (under 21 years) are offered a much reduced membership fee.

4. Subscriptions are due on the lst of January each year and should be paid only to the Hon. Membership Secretary. It would be a great convenience if members could pay their subscriptions by banker’s order. Members who do not pay by this means are requested to settle their subscriptions promptly. (A notice of renewal is enclosed in the Winter edition of the newsletter). The benefits of membership will be withheld from any member whose sub-scription is more than three months overdue. Details of subscription rates and payment by banker’s order may be obtained from the Hon. Membership Secretary, to whom any change of address or error in published lists of members should be notified. (Mrs. S. Broomfield, 8 Woodview Crescent, Hildenborough, Tonbridge, Kent, TN11 9HD.)

5. Legacies have contributed much to the strength and independence of the Society. The Hon. Treasurer would be pleased to hear from any member who would like to bequeath money or other assets. Additional contributions in the form of donations, including those for particular activities of the Society, are also very welcome and should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer (R.G. Thomas, 1 Abchurch Yard, Abchurch Lane, London, EC4N 7BA).

6. The Society’s room at Maidstone Museum is open to members who wish to consult its reference library. (It is essential to bring your membership card.) Enquiries should be addressed to the Hon. Librarian (F.H. Panton, Grove End, Tunstall, Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 8DY).

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the Kent Archaeological Society.

CONTENTS

List of Officers and members of Council vii-viii; Editorial Personnel viii

PAGE

1. Selling: a Case Study in Institutional Relief under the Old Poor Law, 1750-1835. By John Wilsher . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Archaeological Investigations at Canterbury Police Station. By Mick Diack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. The Dens of Benenden.

By Ernest Pollard and Hazel Strouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Later Prehistoric Settlement on the Hoo Peninsula: excavations at Kingsmead Park, Allhallows.

By Christopher Greatorex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. The Chantry College of Cobham. By James M. Gibson . .

6. The Development of Medieval Tonbridge reviewed in the light of recent excavations at Lyons, East Street.

By Eliott Wragg, Chris Jarrett and Jeremy Haslam . . .

7. The ‘Men of Kent’ and the Penenden Heath Meeting, 1828. By Kathryn Beresford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. A Belgic Cremation Cemetery and Iron Bloomery Furnace at Jubilee Corner, Ulcombe. By Neil Aldridge . . . . . . .

9. Charing Clocks, Clockmakers and Clockkeepers.

By Chris H.K. Williams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10. The Roman Villa at Minster in Thanet. Part 2: Iron-Age, Roman and post-Roman Coinage.

By David Holman and Keith Parfitt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11. King Alfred’s naval engagement with the Danes, 885: which River Stour? By Christine Grainge . . . . . . . . . .

12. A Roman enclosure system in the Little Stour valley at Ickham. By Christopher Sparey-Green . . . . . . . . . . . .

13. Interim Reports on Recent Work carried out by the Canterbury Archaeological Trust. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14. Old St Albans Court, Nonington. By Peter Hobbs . . . . .

15. Twelfth- and early Thirteenth-Century Charters containing pledges naming Thomas Becket. By Mary Berg . . . . .

16. The Mead Way, the Street and Doddinghyrnan in Rochester Revisited. By Alan Ward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17. Sir Edward Dering of Surrenden Dering and his ‘Booke of Expences’, 1617-1628. By Laetitia Yeandle . . . . . . . . .

18. A Roman Cremation Cemetery at Walmer.

By Richard Hoskins, David Holman and Keith Parfitt. .

19. A list of the Holders of Land in Kent c.1120.

By Colin Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20 Researches and Discoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Holocene Archaeology at Wansunt Pit, Bexley . . . . . . .

Rare Early Iron-Age Brooch: Ringlemere Farm, Woodnesborough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Folkstone Potin Hoard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Welsh Seri ‘Causeway’ and Sarre, Thanet . . . . . . . . . .

A List of the Inhabitants of West Malling, Dec. 1649 . .

An Eighteenth-Century Chalk Cave at Manston . . . . . .

21. Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jeremy Black, An Historical Atlas of Kent . . . . . . . . . .

Peter Brandon, An Historical Atlas of Kent . . . . . . . . .

David Killingray, Chelsfield Chronicles 1450-1920: Annals of a Kentish Parish and Along the River Cray: a pictorial history of the Cray Valley . . . . . . .

Margaret Sparks, The Role of the Hospital in Medieval England: gift-giving and the spiritual ecomomy . . .

Sheila Sweetinburgh, Medieval Sandwich . . . . . . . . . .

Peter Tann, The History of Throwley Church, Kent . . .

Matthew Reynolds, Sevenoaks People and Faith: Two Thousand Years of Religious Belief and Practice . . .

J.A. Conner, Copperas. An account of the Whitstable Works and the first industrial-scale chemical prod-uction in England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frank Panton, The Dover Bronze Age Boat in Context: Society and Water Transport in Prehistoric Europe and The Dover Bronze Age Boat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Elizabeth Edwards, For All the Saints. St Michael’s Church East Peckham, Parish and People and The Millennium Book on All Saint’s Church Foots Cray, Kent . . . . . . .

Ulcombe’s Story. A Millennium History of Our Village

Hythe, A History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dangerous Coastline 1939-1945. A wartime childhood in Birchington, Kent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Becket’s Murderers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kent Probate Records. A Catalogue and Practical Guide

The Story of Wye Crown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Notes on the 814 ad Bexley Charter. Extracts from the lecture notes of David Viceroy-Weekes . . . . . . . . . . .

22. Obituary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23. Notes on the Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24. Annual Report and Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25. List of New Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26. Committees of the Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27. Notes for Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28. General Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

27

43

67

83

119

151

173

183

203

229

243

259

273

291

311

323

345

361

381

381

382

384

387

389

393

395

395

396

397

399

400

402

404

405

406

408

409

409

410

410

411

411

411

413

415

419

427

430

431

433

KENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

officers and members of the council, 1st january 2005

President

P. E. OLDHAM, m.a.

Patrons

THE LORD ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY

THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD BRABOURNE, c.b.e.

THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD NORTHBOURNE

THE VISCOUNT DE L’ISLE, m.b.e.

F. HULL, b.a., ph.d., d.litt., f.r.hist.s.

R.H. HISCOCK, ll.b, f.s.a.

J. THIRSK, c.b.e., m.a., ph.d., d.litt., f.b.a.

P. ASHBEE, m.a., d.litt., f.s.a.

P. H. G. DRAPER, b.sc., ph.d., d.i.c., f.r.s.c., m.inst.p., c.phys.

Vice-Presidents

C. W. CHALKLIN, m.a., b.litt., litt.d., f.r.hist.s.

L. D. LYLE, m.a.

MISS E. MELLING, b.a.

J. WHYMAN, b.sc.(econ.), ph.d., m.c.i.p.d.

Honorary Editor

T. G. LAWSON, m.a.(cantab), dip.kent hist.

102 Lower Vicarage Road, Kennington, Ashford, TN24 9AP

Honorary General Secretary

A. I. MOFFAT

Three Elms, Woodlands Lane, Shorne, Gravesend, DA12 3HH

Honorary Treasurer

R. G. THOMAS, m.a., f.c.a.

1 Abchurch Yard, Abchurch Lane, London, EC4N 7BA

Honorary Librarian

F. H. PANTON, c.b.e., ph.d.

Grove End, Tunstall, Sittingbourne, ME9 8DY

Honorary Membership Secretary

MRS. S. BROOMFIELD

8 Woodview Crescent, Hildenborough, Tonbridge, TN11 9HD

Honorary Excursions Secretary

MRS. J. M. SAYNOR, m.a.

Friars, 28 High Street, Shoreham, Sevenoaks, TN14 7TD

Honorary Curator

M. C. W. STILL, ph.d.

4 Winifred Road, Dartford, DA1 3BL

Elected Members of the Council

D. G. Anstey Snodland

D. Bacchus Rochester

Ms E. Boast Broadstairs

D. A. H. Cleggett, b.a. Maidstone

E. P. Connell New Ash Green

P.A. Harlow Rochester

R. C. Higgs Weald

Mrs M.T. Lawrence East Peckham

R. F. LeGear, m.a.a.i.s., a.i.f.a. Ashford

A. Miles Biddenden

K. Parfitt, b.a. Dover

C. R. Pout, b.a, m.a. Canterbury

R. J. Spain, c.eng., m.i.mech.e. ph.d. Boxley

A. F. Ward, m.a. Rainham

C. P. Ward Otford

Editorial Personnel

Honorary Editor Terence Lawson

(editor@kentarchaeology.org.uk)

Book Reviews Editor Dr Elizabeth Edwards

School of History

Rutherford College,

The University of Kent, CT2 7NX

(E.C.Edwards@ukc.ac.uk)

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Selling: a Case Study in Institutional Relief under the Old Poor Law, 1750-1835