Front matter, Volume 1

1 Jan

Written By KAS

Antiquitates seu historiarum reliquiae sunt tanquam tabulae naufragii, cum deficiente et fere submersa rerum memoria; nihilominus homines industrii et sagaces, pertinaci quadam et scrupulosa diligentia, ex genealogis, fastis, titulis, monumentis, numismatibus, nominibus propriis et stylis, verborum etymologiis, proverbis, traditionibus, archivis, et instrumentis, tam publicis quam privatis, historiarum fragmentis, librorumneutiquam historicorum locis dispersis, ex his, inquam, omnibus vel aliquibus, nonnulla a temporis diluvio eripiunt et conservant. Res sane operosa, sed mortalibus grata et cum reverentia quadam conjuncta." — Bacon, De Augmentis, ii.

Antiquities, or remnants of history, are, as was said, tanquam tabulae naufragii; when industrious persons, by an exact and scrupulous diligence and observation, out of monuments, names, words, proverbs, traditions, private records and evidences, fragments of stories, passages of books that concern not story, and the like, do save and recover somewhat from the deluge of time," — Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii.

Archaeologia Cantiana

Being

Transactions

of the

Kent Archaeological Society

Volume I

London:

Printed for the Society

by John E. Taylor,

Little Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.

1858.

Preface

The Council of the Kent Archaeological Society are not answerable for any opinions that may be put forward in this Work. The Contributors of the different Papers are each responsible for their own remarks.

Errata and Addenda

Page 5, line 3, for muttons, read, multons.
Page 5, line 5, for bucks, read, bucks.
Page 18. With reference to the facsimile of Letter VI., it should be noted that this does not differ from other original letters of the period, the address being always at the back, and the signature at the foot of the folio, however wide the space might be between it and the last words of the letter. These two points we have been obliged to accommodate to our page; in other respects, the lithograph is an exact facsimile of the original.
Page 40, The heading of Letter 23, for From the Same to the Same, read, From Archbishop Warham to Cardinal Wolsey.
Page 40, line 15, Oourtopscet, sic in original, but it should have been ' Oourtopstret,' for Court at Street, vulgo Courtup Street, i.e. the manor of Street, in Linme. It was at the Chapel of our Lady here that the "Holy Maid of Kent" practised her impostures.
Page 67, line 5, for the reference p. 50, read p. 64.
Page 87. The woodcut of Sir Thomas Burton should have been inserted at the top of p. 88.
Page 120. The inscription to Sir Thomas Bullen has been worked off at the foot of the figure, instead of being placed, as on the tomb itself, over the head. It was originally at the foot of the tomb; but as that adjoins the eastern wall of the church, it was probably transferred thence to its present position for facility of reading.
Page 124. In the commencement of the paper a reference is made to the "Inquisitiones post Mortem in the Appendix to this Volume," We have been compelled by want of space to defer the insertion of these "Inquisitiones" till our next.
Page 195, line 23, for hould, read should.
Page 213, line 20, for incenced, read incensed.

If it be asked what is the scope and object of our design, we shall best answer in the words of the philosopher which we have chosen for the motto of our work. From the memory of things decayed and forgotten, we propose to save and recover what we may, for the present generation and for posterity, of the wrecks still floating on the ocean of time, and preserve them with a religious and scrupulous diligence. We propose to gather into one the neglected fragments and faint memorials that remain to us of ages long gone by; to reclaim and preserve the memories of men who, with common passions like ourselves, have stood and laboured on this soil of Kent; to save from the submergence of oblivion their manners and their traditions, their names, their lineage, their language, and their deeds. To reproduce the past in its full integrity is perhaps impossible; yet for those who have hopes somewhat beyond the present, vision and affections somewhat more extended than the narrow shoal of earth and time on which they stand, it may be sufficient, if we can collect some feeble and scanty remnants, which, failing to ensure a higher purpose, may help them in some degree to link the present to the past and serve as stepping-stones to bridge over the broad chasm and torrent of time.

Upon the importance of such a work as this it is hardly needful for us to enlarge. To the archaeological researches of scholars during the last and the preceding centuries, history and criticism are more indebted than to any other studies. From the labours of the archaeologist, from coins, monuments, inscriptions, and etymologies, the modern historian of Rome has been enabled to throw a steadier light, not merely on the obscure originals of that imperial city, a clearer and brighter light than the Roman himself ever enjoyed, but to hold up a torch to all history, and teach mankind to thread those paths with safety which they had trodden blindfold before. Why should not similar fruits be expected from similar labours? Why should not the toil of the archaeologist, when applied to our own county, prove as beneficial to English history? Why should not the light thus upheld on the distant past, kindle into a steadier blaze for the history of nearer times? In all that constitutes such memorials as these, in the bulk and salvage of these wrecks, England is incomparably richer than Greece or Rome. Here civil wars and foreign invasions have less obliterated the traces of ancient laws, institutions, families, and races; the barrows and burial-grounds of long-forgotten generations remain unviolated; the manor-house and the farm bear upon their faces the legible records of the past as clearly as the promises of the future; the very shells and incrustations through which the internal life of the nation has passed have been religiously preserved in all its varied forms. We can trace, from step to step, from age to age, the infant sallies, the march and progress, the maturer counsels and ripened institutions of the land. We can point to the mine from which they were dug, the shadows where they reposed at noon.

To collect, register, and preserve these memorials of the past, is the duty of every man; it is especially incumbent upon the men of Kent. The history of Kent is, in a measure, the history of our common country. No great movement, civil or religious, has cast its light or shadow on the land, of which Kent has not preserved the unfading impress and memorial. No races have here taken root, or disappeared from the soil; no peculiarity of laws, of customs, or of language; no war or invasion threatened, the mementoes of which cannot be traced with greater certainty in the history of Kent than elsewhere. Here first landed the Roman, here the Saxon, here the first Christian monk and missionary. Here labour and letters first went hand in hand. Here rose the first Abbey, the first Cathedral. Starting from the great port of Kent the Norman turned the key on the Conquest of England. From Dover crusading kings, conquerors of France, insular opponents of continental despotism, started forth on their several missions of religion, of war, and of liberty. Here landed the French monarch in his abasement; here Charles V. sunned his imperial crown. What ceremonies, what pomps, what processions have not lined the streets of our Kentish capital or threaded their way along its familiar roads! Pilgrims to the shrine of St. Thomas, "with rich offerings;" the wealthy franklin, with his well-filled purse; ministers to all Courts; ambassadors from all climes - the Frank and the Almayn, the Italian and the Spaniard, the Muscovite and the Dane; archbishops and cardinals; kings and emperors; whatever of ambition, of gain, or pleasure, can enter the heart or prompt the actions and motives of man; here all passed and repassed; here found shelter in the abbeys or palaces, the hostelries or manor-houses of Kent. No busier mart in all England: none more rich or more diversified, could imagination recall and reinvest the scene. From bluff headland to shelving down, from salt flood to ebbing stream, from hop-gardens, cherry-orchards, meads, and cornfields, homestead or manor-house, ancestral hall or feudal castle, to Roman keep or Celtic barrow, Saxon burg or Norman cathedral, what wants our Kent of instruction, meditation, and delight? Here are the usages and customs embalmed, here the thoughts and feelings of every generation, that has stood and rested on English soil. In its dust are the ashes of Celt, Belgian, Roman, Saxon, Dane, and Norman. Here the Roman landed, never to return; here he surrounded himself with the arts of civilized life. Here the Saxon still wandered in the forest, without disloyalty to his ancient creed; and the Dane in its bright bays and creeks still gazed on that element which reminded him of his Norse forefathers, and filled the sea with visions not less ennobling than the Saxon found by land.

From the date when this island first appears in the page of history, has for the first time a history of its own, Kent is the bond that binds it to the old world; Kent is the first link of that electric chain that rouses it from the slumbers of untold and unheeded generations; Kent first brings it within the tide and flow of civilized life. Here were first heard the words which have formed the pith and staple of our English tongue; here first were cradled the laws, customs, manners, institutions, which have entered so deeply into the formation of our national life and character. Here were the first indications given, followed by many since, that that life had really commenced, had taken vigorous root, could not be removed by extraneous force, however it might be modified. In this the most accessible corner of the island, most exposed to external influences, the sally-port and highway of the nations, opening its bosom, like its sea, to all comers, sprang forth that unbated spirit of independence and love of liberty which have rendered Kent famous in the annals of England; true to that image of our common country, which has received all races, admitted all literatures, sheltered all tribes, given equal rights to all strangers, and yet has maintained inviolate its self-respect, its irrepressible love of freedom, its distinctive individuality of character.

Vividly has it impressed itself on the imagination of our poets, on his more than all, who is the faithfulest and truest exponent of English nationality. In the dramas of Shakspeare the features of Kent stand clearly forth in indelible portraiture, more distinctly graven than those of his native Warwickshire. The particular has passed into the general; in the mind of the native, as well as of the stranger, the local portraiture of Kent has become the portraiture of England. The dimmest tradition of its Celtic times, the grandest and most pathetic of our island histories, is associated with Kent in the conception of the poet. From our county it has derived a definite shape, "a local habitation." By virtue of that impression, stamped on his own imagination and that of all Englishmen, the poet has been enabled to unite the shadowy and unseen past to local and visible scenery; he has transferred us, with all our sympathies, to ages long before the Roman had set his eyes upon this land, making us feel, in King Lear, our human affinity with the remotest occupiers of the soil. To unravel the various threads of which these impressions are composed, to penetrate the channel to its primeval source, to give clearness and consistency to the outline now vague, shadowy, and incomplete, to find a certain footing for the historian amidst fading and feeble traditions, to bind age to age by feelings of natural piety, but especially to ages far removed, is the task of the archaeologist; a task, as Bacon says, grateful to man and not without reverence. We desire to see, as who would not? this county of ours reinvested with its "forest primeval," its first inhabitants, its earliest colonists; we desire to see the successive steps which have advanced us from a small to a mighty nation, to revisit the cradle of our history, to realize it as far as may be from generation to generation. The dress and manners, the houses they lived in, the food they ate, much more the language and the thoughts, the polity and institutions, of those who have preceded us, are full of thoughtful pleasure and delight. And for these purposes the archaeology of Kent furnishes a rich and unexplored field. If Celtic history is to be studied, we have Celtic remains, the cromlechs of Coldrum, of Kitt's Cotty, of Addington, and others. These have yet to be explored, developed, and described. If Roman military occupation, we have Roman fortresses, Richborough, Reculver, Lymne, and Dover; Roman roads, stations, baths, and monuments, are sown broadcast over the land. Step by step may the inquirer trace, in the examination of these remains, now spanning the long reclaimed morass, now surmounting the hill or piercing the once impenetrable forest, the genius of that unwearied people, covering with a sympathetic network the provinces under their control; bringing under military rule and into stern military contact, mountain and seaport, forest, fortress, and rising colony; ruling all and rousing all with the magical rapidity and precision of their movements.

When the fierce native found shelter no longer in his thickets, from that stern gaze which had scanned and measured every corner of the earth, when "force perforce" he must endure the presence of his conqueror; when the desolated precincts afforded no protection or reverence to his Druids, when the conqueror himself exchanged the sword for arts and civilization; in the remains of military roads and strongholds, of baths, of temples, and granaries, the archaeologist of Kent will trace the change, and picture to himself the next great step in the annals of his country. He will read in the monuments of Celtic-Roman Kent the efficacy of those lessons which the polished and politic Roman delivered to his conquered subjects; he will see Kentish Britain pouring its tributes of coin into the ports and navies of the Romans; the sword forgotten for the plough; a teeming soil offering a tempting and defenceless prey to the fierce plunderers of the North. He will trace the newcomer step by step, in the permanent and wider influence he exerted; in the arms, the habits, the weapons and instruments he brought; in the monuments which he left of his victories over the inhabitants; in his camp and barrow; now wandering in the palaces of the Caesars, now filling sight and imagination with the material tokens of a great and romantic people. He will trace the Anglo-Saxon in his gradual assumption of Roman customs and usages; in his silent preparation for the still greater change which was to follow; in his mode of dealing with the conquered races; in his efforts to retain the valour, independence, and antiquity of his own; in the fusion of one and all in the bond and working of a common Christianity. Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon Kent, wrought out in clearer types, will help him to realize in colours more distinct, more certain, and more definite, Britannic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon England.

But in thus tracing out the influence of the new comers in their broader characteristics, by the general and local traditions and memorials of his county, the archaeologist will not neglect those less seen but not less subtle and more permanent changes introduced in the division and occupation of the land. He will not overlook the origin and causes of those divisions; the meanings of the words in which they are enshrined; their effect on the social and political condition of the country. All these are well worthy the consideration, as they are the special province of the philosophical archaeologist; and in all these the contributors to our pages may render essential service to the cause of history, whilst they are helping to place the ancient and distinguishing glories of their native county on an imperishable basis. We hesitate not to say, that a county history which should develop its subject in all its striking peculiarities, would do more than any other book towards giving us a living and clear insight into our national history.

With the occupation of the Saxon, Kent returns to the rank it first held on the arrival of the Roman; under Hengist and Ethelbert it once more takes the lead in those events which are henceforth to exercise a paramount influence on the nation. A new race of kings step forth, who have left the impression of kingship written more clearly on its annals than any other. Christianity elicits and shapes the dormant thought of loyalty to a spiritual and temporal supremacy. To Kent we turn and its sovereign Ethelbert for the first exemplification of that royal position, since so closely interwoven with all the political modifications and political strength of England. From this cradle the Church arose, second only in antiquity and scarcely second in power to the Crown; here it first brought into harmonious but mysterious operation the antagonistic elements of antagonistic populations. Here it stood forth at once the emblem of spiritual sovereignty, as of spiritual ministration; of distinct nationality, yet a world-wide brotherhood. It is to Canterbury that we turn, as the metropolitan church of England; the fruitful parent of a thousand churches; the type from which all others were derived; the cynosure towards which the hearts of Englishmen moved in the Middle Ages; their Rome and the centre of their worship, when some centre of visible unity was necessary in the distractions of Christendom and the feebleness of national incorporation. In Canterbury and its archbishops we behold the men who, like Lanfranc and Anselm, felt that their insular independence was compatible with their interest in the general well-being of Christendom; or like Stephen Langton, that their connection with Christendom could only be realized in its widest and most permanent forms by loyalty to the nation.

Under the shadow of the Church, arts, literature, and science spring to life; not less trade and commerce. The handicraft now developed in the free and skilled labourer of the United Kingdom, was brought out and trained for the uses of the Church. Its masons, carpenters, painters, workers in glass and metal, its weavers, its printers, its decorators of all kinds, even its merchants and traders, gathered and grew up under the wing of the Church, looking to its walls and monasteries, its spiritual and temporal influence, for protection, for instruction, for encouragement. In missals, coins, frescoes, tombs, altars, screens, and canopies; in carved work of wood, stone, and iron; in mullioned windows and cathedral canopies, we read not the traces of mere ecclesiastical magnificence, the sacrifices of early love and piety, the visible enshrinements of faith and hope, but the still surviving annals of the skill, industry, and patience of a race which, turning its energies in a different channel, has since achieved as splendid and abiding victories in the mine and the factory. Manchester and Birmingham are the lineal offsprings of Canterbury, York, and Lincoln; the cloth-workers of Kent have given place to the manufacturers of Leeds and Kidderminster. Yet the Church was the cradle of both; and whatever changes arts and commerce may undergo in the great law of progress, under the shadow of the Church grew up the sacred independence of righteous industry which prevented mechanical employments from degenerating into mere slavish taskwork, and redeemed the votaries of labour from the moral and physical degradation of the serf. In directions still humbler the influence of the cathedral is visible; in the knowledge and practice of agriculture brought by St. Augustine and his monks into England; in the application of skilled labour to the land; in the parks and gardens which grew up around its hallowed and peaceful precincts; in the constant endeavours of its Italian and Italianized archbishops to surround themselves with the natural and artificial productions of the South, thus preparing the way for that distinction which has won for Kent the title of the "Garden of England." Here local and minute inquiry may render essential service in a field of investigation as yet unwrought; the annals of Kentish horticulture are not less interesting, scarcely less important than the recovery of forgotten documents or buried political facts.

Yet one more great convulsion, one that is to link in bonds of lasting unity the disconnected yet noble elements of a great nation; to knit the wood and the stone, the delicate ironwork, the gold, and the precious stones; to bring out in fresh vigour and beauty the Celtic and the Roman combined with the Saxon; to give a greater finish, a more enduring grace, a deeper shade; to fill a brave and loyal land with chivalrous thoughts, and quicken its imagination with poetic visions

"Of pomp, and feast, and revelry,
With masque and antique pageantry,
Such sights as youthful poets dream
On summer eve by haunted stream,"

Norman prowess and Norman adventure, Norman landlord and Saxon tenant, the baronial hall, its ladies and its minstrels, its tales of knightly daring and courtesy, of loyal dependency, of summer jousts and Christmas gambols, of armed retainers and faithful squires, are the growth of this new era. Hence the feelings of personal attachment to ancient houses and ancient race, mellowing in the process to kindlier and nobler relationship between the owner and tiller of the land, raising up throughout the country a state of life and society which exists in no other. Hence, in earlier days, sprang the Nevils, the Maminots, the Says, the De Crescies, the Clares, the Crevecreurs, the De Chilhams, De Thurnhams, De Leybournes, the Averenches, the De Burghs, the Criols, the Rokesles, the Cobhams, the Malmaynes, the Beauchamps, the Greys, the Poynings, the Valoignes, the Strabolgis, the Badlesmeres, the Northwoods, the Peches, the Freninghams, and Hauts. Hence, in after ages, sprang the Wyats, the St. Legers, the Cheynes, the Bulleyns, the Sidneys, the Guldefords, the Ropers, the Isleys, the Wottons, the Moyles, the Hales, the Cromers, the Harts, the Bretts, the Levesons, the Scots, the Roberts, the Kempes, the Monins, the Twysdens, the Derings, the Knatchbulls, the Tokes, the Darells, the Colepepers, the Walsinghams, and Fanes. Hence, too, the Astleys, the Richmond Stuarts, the Sackvilles, the Finches, the Vanes, the Filmers, the Brockmans, the Tuftons, the Botelers, the Clerks, the Selbys; the men who at all periods stood up for the freedom of England at home and her aggrandisement abroad. These are the men, and such as these, whose names are indelibly connected with our ancient castles and ancestral halls; our Leeds, Penshurst, Cobham, Cowling, Allington, Birling, Leybourn, Chilham, Sutton, Hever, Ollantigh, Hothfield, Tunbridge, Rochester, Dover, Lullingston, Sunenden, Eastwell, Roydon, Scadbury, Knole, Bedgbury, Mersham, Godinton, Hemsted, Glassenbury, Mereworth, Linton, Beachborough, Teston, Ford, the Motes. Need we insist on these matters, hitherto considered as the peculiar province of the archaeologist? With such examples as these to look back upon, we may be forgiven our attachment to the past; our reverence for the homes which gave birth to such men, and that home-loving and homely feeling which characterized their lives in its most chivalrous aspects. If that reverence for home and family which manifests itself under so many forms be in some respects our weakness, it is in more our glory and our strength. The Northern chief raised up his newborn child on the warrior's shield, to signify for what purpose he was born: even so, home has been the cradle of our greatest men, the shield on which they have been raised, not merely to defend their country, but to secure those blessings without which all countries are alike, and all indifferent. That has been our palladium against the encroachments of spiritual tyranny on one side, of temporal tyranny on the other. Here Englishmen, taking their stand, have reverenced monarchy as it reflected back to them an enlarged image of their own household, the Church as a family. Who shall wonder then that, in common with the most moral and most reverential nations of the ancient world, they have guarded with a religious care the traditions and successions of the family; that this reverence has mingled its roots and its branches with reverence for law and political order, until the one can be no longer disengaged from the other; until, taking further root, the same feeling has made its way into every form almost of art and literature; until no biography, however meagre, is without its charm, no portrait without its interest; no record of great men is allowed to perish; no letter or memorial of them that is not duly valued? The same feeling has displayed and fed itself by the jealous preservation of family archives, of family mansions, of tombs, of names that linger round old haunts in field and city; as if the spirit still flitted about its ancient resting-place.

For the elucidation of these relics of antiquity, though scattered and submerged in the deluge of time, tanquam tabulae naufragii, and demanding a tender and thoughtful hand for their collection and arrangement, we have genealogies and evidences, letters and archives. These are interesting to all, if we look to no higher motive than that curiosity implanted by nature in the breast of all, which urges them to become acquainted with other lands and other times than those in which they live; grateful and agreeable to that better and nobler feeling which teaches men to recognize their bond with the mighty soul of humanity in all ages, instinctive of solemn thoughts and reverential musings.

"I well consider all that ye have sayd;
And find that all things stedfastnes doe hate
And changed be; yet being rightly wayd,
They are not changed from their first estate;
But by their change their being doe dilate;
And turning to themselves at length againe
Doe worke their owne perfection so by fate:
Then over them Change doth not rule and raigne,
But they raigne over Change, and doe their states maintain."

Museums and libraries, public and private archives, abound with treasures of this kind; in many respects the most valuable, in all respects the most interesting, that can be furnished to a journal like ours. Here most of our readers can lend us effectual aid; and united efforts, easily borne by many, may be prosecuted more efficiently than by few, and produce a harvest of materials for the illustration of our county biographies that cannot be surpassed. One of the charms of archaeology at least, like that of natural history, consists in its eminently social nature; in the employment it offers to all, in the services which all can render. From some of our correspondents-and we expect their name will be Legion-we shall look for narratives of discoveries already made or hereafter to be prosecuted in their immediate neighbourhoods; for descriptions of the relics turned up at the unearthing of tumuli; for accounts of ancient tombs. Others will tell us of their local traditions, or send us letters and genealogies of families living or extinct in their neighbourhood. Let all, now and then in their lives, revisit the past, and do their best to refresh the memories of ancient things; let them with loving sympathy wipe away the dust or remove the moss and incrustations which have gathered round the records of our long-buried but not forgotten worthies. For that is the character of our land.

How much that is valuable has grown out of this reverence for ancient families and ancient forms, we ourselves are witnesses. Living in the past more than any other nation, shaping our course by that past, recurring to past experience, rewarding, honouring, and celebrating the thoughts and actions of past men and ages, carving out for ourselves from the expanse of time a broader horizon, we pass from the familiarity of the present into the keen enjoyment of distant antiquity. And if the rapid sweep of our progress as a nation, instead of rendering us indifferent to the deeds and wisdom of their forefathers, has implanted in us a keener relish, a more thorough appreciation for ancient but not forgotten things; if at this time above all others, when we have drifted so widely from the past that it might be thought the past could yield no light to those inquiries we now are most deeply interested in; if in an age more devoted than any other to utilitarianism, the history of the past has received double honour, and the lore and civilization of the past are more duly valued; may we not expect that out of those inquiries to which the pages of this journal will be devoted, innumerable vestiges of events, of scenes, of life and manners, will present themselves to the future historian, which shall enable him to place these records in still clearer light; to represent the past in its fullest and liveliest proportions, to fix the uncertain, to clear the obscure; and when the mission of this nation is accomplished, if ever it is accomplished, to leave to future generations the exact form and pressure of a great people, from infancy to decay, who have not lived on God's earth in vain, or been entrusted with such vast powers and empires for fruitless and transitory purposes? By memorials such as these, carefully and consecutively gathered into many folios during the last century; by scattered fragments of the wreck; by inscriptions, coins, and etymologies, the scorn of flippant wits in a flippant age, the great comparative anatomist of ancient history was enabled to read the lesson of the past, and to teach men to find their way by as sure a clue as the disciple of Buckland or Owen reanimates a world of megatheria and hylmosauri. We expect no less from the labours of the English archaeologist.

These harvests, no scanty ones, are to be reaped in all directions; no scanty ones, not unworthy of our common country, or that still smaller spot of it to which we owe our birth and the innumerable silent influences which that soil has sent into our souls with all its breathing traditions. Who shall count or weigh them? Who shall say how the associations of our native land may have grown up with bone and sinew; how far the firm will has been fostered, the imagination fed by the ancient memories of the soil? But we shall need all hands to help us, and all may; we shall need the full strength implied in our motto to accomplish our task, "The might of Kentish men, and the zeal of Kentish maidens." Hitherto they have lent us effectual aid to launch our boat; let them speed the good ship on its course, not with their good wishes only, but by inspiring, as they can, none better, many other labourers with their zeal in helping forward the work. Then, if we cannot place Kentish Archaeology on a footing worthy of our county, worthy too of our common country, more than all, worthy of the auspices under which we have commenced, and the aid and good wishes accorded to us, we shall take up our old local proverb, proud as it may appear, "Not in Kent, not in Christendom;" the thing is not to be done, or not done in this generation.

*** For the badge of our Society, which adorns the title-page of this Volume, we are indebted to the taste and munificence of three ladies, daughters of the Earl of Abergavenny, Lady Caroline Nevill, Lady Augusta Mostyn, and Lady Isabel Bligh.

President: The Marquess Camden, K.G.

Vice-Presidents:
His Grace The Archbishop of Canterbury
The Lord Lieutenant, Viscount Sydney
The Earl of Dartmouth
The Earl Stanhope, Pres. S.A., D.C.L.
The Earl of Abergavenny
The Earl of Darnley
The Earl Amherst
The Viscount Falmouth
The Viscount Hardinge
The Lord Bishop of Rochester
The Lord De L'Isle and Dudley
The Lord Londesborough, K.C.H., F.R.S., F.S.A.
The Lord Cranworth
The Honourable J. M. Byng
The Honourable Thomas E. Lloyd Mostyn, M.P.
Sir E. C. Dering, Bart.
Sir Norton J. Knatchbull, Bart., F.S.A.
Sir Thomas Maryon Wilson, Bart.
Sir Brook W. Bridges, Bart., M.P.
The Very Rev. The Dean of Canterbury
The Very Rev. The Dean of Rochester
The Venerable The Archdeacon of Maidstone
The Venerable The Archdeacon of Rochester
William Deedes, Esq., M.P.
Charles Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.
James Whatman, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A.
Edward Knatchbull Hugessen, Esq., M.P.
Alexander J. B. Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.
Major Scott, M.P.
W. A. Mackinnon, Esq., M.P., M.A., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.G.S.
J. A. Warre, Esq., M.P.

Honorary Secretary: The Rev. Lambert B. Larking
Assistant Secretary: Edward Pretty, Esq.

G. B. Acworth, Esq.
G. M. Arnold, Esq.
Matthew Bell, Esq., F.G.S.
John Bruce, Esq., V.P. A.S.
Rev. W. J. Chesshyre
W. Clayton, Esq.
J. Crosby, Esq., F.S.A.
J. Espinasse, Esq.
E. Foss, Esq., F.S.A.
J. J. Howard, Esq., F.S.A.
E. Hussey, Esq.
R. Hussey, Esq., F.S.A.
Sir Walter James, Bart.
H. B. Mackeson, Esq.
C. Mercer, Esq.
G. W. Norman, Esq.
C. R. C. Petley, Esq.
Rev. Beale Poste
Rev. J. C. Robertson
J. Rogers, Esq., F.R.S.
T. Thurston, Esq.
G. Wykeham, Esq.
T. N. Wightwick, Esq.
Rev. F. Wrench

1. The Society shall consist of Ordinary Members and Honorary Members.

2. The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council, consisting of the President of the Society, the Vice-Presidents, the Honorary Secretary, and twenty-four Members elected out of the general body of the Subscribers: one-fourth of the latter shall go out annually by rotation, but shall nevertheless be re-eligible. Five Members of the Council to constitute a quorum.

3. The Council shall meet to transact the business of the Society on the second Thursday in the months of March, June, September, and December, and at any other time that the Secretary may deem it expedient to call them together. The June Meeting shall always be held in London: those of March, September, and December, at Canterbury and Maidstone alternately.

4. At every Meeting of the Society or Council, the President, or, in his absence, the Chairman, shall have a casting vote, independently of his vote as a Member.

5. A General Meeting of the Society shall be held annually, in July, August, or September, at some place rendered interesting by its antiquities or historical associations, in the eastern and western divisions of the county alternately: the day and place thereof to be appointed by the Council. At the said General Meeting, antiquities shall be exhibited, and papers read on subjects of archaeological interest. The accounts of the Society, having been previously allowed by the Auditors, shall be presented; the Council, through the Secretary, shall make a Report on the state of the Society; and the Auditors and the six new Members of the Council for the ensuing year shall be elected.

6. The Annual General Meeting shall have power to make such alterations in the Rules as the majority of Members present may approve; provided, that notice of any contemplated alterations be given, in writing, to the Secretary, before the 1st June in the then current year, to be laid by him before the Council at their next Meeting; provided, also, that the said contemplated alterations be specifically set out in the notices summoning the Meeting, at least one month before the day appointed for it.

7. A Special General Meeting may be summoned, on the written requisition of seven Members, or of the President, or two Vice-Presidents, which must specify the subject intended to be brought forward at such Meeting; and such subject alone can then be considered.

8. Candidates for admission must be proposed by one Member of the Society, and seconded by another, and be balloted for, if required, at any Meeting of the Council, or at a General Meeting, one black ball in five to exclude.

9. Each Ordinary Member shall pay an Annual Subscription of 10s., to be due on the 19th of September in each year; or £5 may at any time be paid, in lieu of future subscriptions, as a composition for life. All subscriptions to be paid in advance.

10. All Subscriptions and Donations are to be paid to the Bankers of the Society, or to one of the Secretaries.

11. All Life Compositions shall be vested in Government Securities, in the names of four Trustees, to be elected by the Council. The interest only of such funds to be used for the ordinary purposes of the Society.

12. No cheque shall be drawn, except by order of the Council, and every cheque shall be signed by two Members of the Council, and the Secretary.

13. The President and Secretary, on any vacancy, shall be elected by a General Meeting of the Subscribers.

14. Members of either House of Parliament, who are landed proprietors of the county or residents therein, shall, on becoming Members of the Society, be placed on the list of Vice-Presidents, and with them such other persons as the Society may elect to that office.

15. The Council shall have power to elect, without ballot, on the nomination of two Members, any lady who may be desirous of becoming a Member of the Society.

16. The Council shall have power to appoint as Honorary Member, any person likely to promote the interests of the Society. Such Honorary Member not to pay any subscription, and not to have the right of voting at any Meetings of the Society; but to have all the other privileges of Members.

17. The Council shall have power to appoint any Member, Honorary Local Secretary, for the town or district wherein he may reside, in order to facilitate the collection of accurate information as to objects and discoveries of local interest, and for the receipt of subscriptions.

18. Meetings for the purpose of reading papers, the exhibition of antiquities, or the discussion of subjects connected therewith, shall be held at such times and places as the Council may appoint.

19. The Society shall avoid all subjects of religious or political controversy.

20. The Secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of the Society, to be communicated to the Members at the General Meetings.

London
James Crosby, Esq., F.S.A. ........................................................................... Adelphi Terrace, Strand, W.C.
Greenwich District (Part)
J. L. Jay, Esq. ........................................................................... Greenwich Hospital, S.E.
F. J. Studd, Esq. ........................................................................... Maize Hill, Greenwich, S.E.
C. A. Smith, Esq. ........................................................................... Groom's Hill, Greenwich, S.E.
Bromley District
R. B. Latter, Esq. ........................................................................... Bromley, S.E.
Cranbrook District
Rev. J. Allan ........................................................................... Cranbrook
Rev. W. Smith Marriott ........................................................................... Horsmonden
Medway District
John Hayward, Esq. ........................................................................... Sutton Rectory
Gravesend District
G. M. Arnold, Esq. ........................................................................... Gravesend
Lewisham District, partly part of Blackheath
J. J. Howard, Esq., F.S.A. ........................................................................... Lee Road, Blackheath, S.E.
Rev. J. S. Clarke ........................................................................... Blackheath, S.E.
Maidstone District
G. Wickham, Esq. ........................................................................... Maidstone
M. Bulmer, Esq. ........................................................................... Maidstone
Kent Archaeological Society
Mr. Dobell ........................................................................... Malling
G. B. Ashworth, Esq. ........................................................................... Star Hill, Rochester
Rochester District
J. Board, Esq. ........................................................................... Westerham
Tenterden District
Arthur Havers, Esq. ........................................................................... Tenterden
Tunbridge District
Rev. D. Winham ........................................................................... Tunbridge Wells
Ashford District
Thomas Thurston, Esq. ........................................................................... Ashford
Canterbury District
T. N. Wightwick, Esq. ........................................................................... Canterbury
Dover District
W. Clayton, Esq. ........................................................................... Dover
Eastry District
Captain Belfield ........................................................................... Eastry
Faversham District
W. A. Munn, Esq. ........................................................................... Throwley
Hythe District
H. B. Mackeson, Esq. ........................................................................... Hythe
New Romney District
John Humphery, Esq. ........................................................................... New Romney
Isle of Sheppey District
Rev. George Bryant ........................................................................... Sheerness
Isle of Thanet District
Rev. S. Robins ........................................................................... St. Peter's, Thanet

The Architectural Museum, South Kensington Museum, W.
The Kilkenny and West of Ireland Archaeological Society
The Lincoln Diocesan Architectural Society
The Sussex Archaeological Society

Honorary Members

William Henry Blaauw, Esq., M.A., M.R.G.S., Beechland, Newick, Sussex.
The Rev. J. Bosworth, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., Christ Church, Oxford; Professor of Anglo-Saxon, Univ. Oxford; Ph.D. of Leyden, LL.D. of Aberdeen, Corresponding Member of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands, M.R.S. of Lit. London, Honorary F.R.S. of Sciences, Norway, F.S.A. Copenhagen, F. of Lit. S. Leyden, Utrecht, Rotterdam, Bristol, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, etc.
The Lord Braybrooke, F.S.A., 10, New Burlington Street, and Audley End, Saffron Walden, Essex.
Rev. J. S. Brewer, M.A., Professor of History, King's College, London, and Reader at the Rolls Chapel, General Record Office, Fetter Lane, London, E.C.
Rev. E. Cardwell, D.D., F.S.A., Principal of St. Alban Hall, and Camden Professor of Ancient History, Oxford.
Rev. Wm. Cureton, D.D., Canon of Westminster, Dean's Yard, Westminster, S.W.
Sir Henry Ellis, Kt., M.H., D.C.L., F.R.S., Hon. M.R.I.A., Hist. Scand. Holmi. et Soc. Reg. Antiq. Hafn. Socius, Soc. Reg. Antiq. Franc. Corresp. et Acad. Reg. Sc. Brux., 24, Bedford Square, W.C.
Augustus Franks, Esq., F.S.A., Director of the Society of Antiquaries, British Museum.
Henry Hallam, Esq., D.C.L., M.A., Trustee of the British Museum, F.R.S., F.S.A., F.G.S., M.R.S.L., Inst. Reg. Sc. Paris. Socius, et Acad. Reg. Sc. Brux., and Harvard Coll. Mass., 24, Wilton Crescent, Knightsbridge, S.W.
Thomas Duffus Hardy, Esq., Assistant Keeper of the Records, General Record Office, E.C.
Edward Hawkins, Esq., Vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries, Keeper of the Antiquities, British Museum, W.C.
Rev. Joseph Hunter, Vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries, Assistant Keeper of the Records, Record Office, Carlton Ride, and 30, Torrington Square, W.C.
Thomas William King, Esq., F.S.A., York Herald, Heralds' College, E.C.
Sir Frederick Madden, Kt., Keeper of the MSS., British Museum, W.C.
Rev. Samuel Roffey Maitland, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., Gloucester.
Sir Francis Palgrave, K.H., F.R.S., F.G.S., Deputy Keeper of the Records, Rolls House, Chancery Lane, W.C.
J. T. Quekett, Esq., Professor of Histology and Conservator of the Hunterian Museum, etc., College of Surgeons, London, W.C.
The Lord Talbot de Malahide, F.S.A., Malahide Castle, Dublin.
The Rev. Edward Trollope, F.S.A., Leasingham, Sleaford, Lincolnshire.
William Twopeny, Esq., 48, Upper Grosvenor Street, W.
Rev. Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, M.A., F.S.A., Canon of Christ Church, and Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Oxford, Christ Church, Oxford.
Sir Charles Young, Kt., Garter King of Arms, F.S.A., London and Edinburgh, and Hon. D.C.L., Oxon, College of Arms, London, E.C.

Members

Corrected up to 20th June, 1860.

N.B. - THE * PREFIXED DENOTES LIFE COMPOUNDERS

Abergavenny, The Earl ofBirling Manor
Abergavenny, The Countess ofditto
Acworth, G. Brindley, Esq.Star Hill, Rochester
Addison, C. G., Esq.Inner Temple, E.C.
Akers, George, Esq.Malling Abbey
Akers, Mrs.Malling Abbey
Akers, James R., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Alcock, Rev. John PriceThe College, Ashford
Alcock, John Price, Esq.Ashford
Alford, The Very Rev. H., Dean of Canterbury, D.D.Deanery, Canterbury
Allan, Rev. J. Lloyd, M.A.Cranbrook
Allen, Rev. J. H.Brockhill, Hythe
Alleyne, Sydney, Esq.Tunbridge
Allfree, Rev. G.Tunbridge Wells
Amherst, The EarlMontreal, Sevenoaks
Amherst, The Dowager CountessKnole
Andrews, Alfred Benjamin, Esq.Canterbury
Angerstein, William, Esq., M.P.Woodlands, Blackheath, S.E.
Armytage, Col.Broomhill Bank, Tunbridge Wells
Arnold, G. M., Esq.Kilton Lodge, Gravesend
Arnott, Rev. Samuel, M.A.Chatham
Ash, Rev. Jarvis Holland, D.C.L.Calverley Park, Tunbridge Wells
Ashpitel, Arthur, Esq., F.S.A.2, Poet's Corner, Westminster, S.W.
Astley, Edward Ferrand, Esq., M.D.Marine Parade, Dover
Atkins, J. F., Esq.Halsted House, Sevenoaks
Austen, Rev. John Thomas, RectorWest Wickham, Kent
Austin, Henry George, Esq., M.R.I.B.A.Precincts, Canterbury
Badeley, Henry, Esq.Sevenoaks
*Bailey, Thomas T., Esq.Hall Place, Leigh, Tunbridge
Baker, Thomas H., Esq.Owletts, Cobham
Baker, Mrs. WilliamBoley Hill, Rochester
Baldwin, Rev. F. St. Leger, M.A.Bearstead Vicarage
Bull, Mr. John HowellStrood
Baldston, W., Esq.Springfield, Maidstone
Barling, Mr.Maidstone
Barrow, Francis, Esq.1, Pump Court, Temple, E.C.
Barry, John Milner, Esq., M.D.Tunbridge Wells
Bartlett, Mr. Samuel JohnMaidstone
Batcheller, MissDover
Bayley, Francis, Esq.66, Cambridge Terrace, Hyde Park, W.
Baveratock, James Hinton, Esq.Fant Fields, Maidstone
Beale, Rev. S. C. Trease, M.A.Tenterden
Beale, William, Esq.Maidstone
Beattie, Alexander, Esq.25, Warrior Square, St. Leonard's
Beckwith, William, Esq.Seacox Heath, Flimwell, Sussex
Beeching, S., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Beeching, T., jun., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Beek, Charles, Esq.Mauritius
Belfield, CaptainEastry House, Sandwich
Bell, Mr. JamesCranbrook
Bell, Matthew, Esq., F.G.S.Bourne Park, Canterbury
Bennett, Rev. Henry, B.A.St. Nicholas-at-Wade, Thanet
Bennoch, Francis, Esq., F.S.A.The Knoll, Blackheath, S.E.
Bensted, William Harding, Esq.Iguanodon Quarry, Maidstone
Berens, Henry Hulse, Esq.Sidcup, Footscray, S.E.
Berens, Mrs.Kevington, St. Mary's Cray
Bertie, The Hon. and Rev. Frederick, AlburyWheatley, Oxon
Betts, Edward Ladd, Esq.Preston Hall
Betts, Mrs.ditto
Bidwell, G. M., Esq.69, Gloucester Crescent, Regent's Park, N.W.
Billings, Robert William, Esq., A.R.A.24, Red Lion Square, W.C.
Birch, Rev. C. Edmund, M.A.Springfield, Maidstone
Birkett, William, Esq.37, Upper Bedford Place, Russell Square, W.C.
Biron, Rev. A., M.A.Margate
Bishop, William John, Esq.Southwood, Bromley, S.E.
Bligh, Rev. John David, M.A.Bexley
Bloxam, Matthew Holbeche, Esq.Rugby
Bodington, Charles Henry, Esq.Orchard House, Barming, Maidstone
Bond, Edward, Esq., Assistant Keeper of the MSS., British MuseumW.C.
Boon, William, Esq.Ashford
Booth, Mr. JohnMaidstone
Booth, Mr. WilliamMaidstone
Bouverie, Hon. Philip PuseyPusey House, Oxfordshire
Bowden, George, Esq.Coltsfield, Faversham
Bowen, Mr. JohnDitton
Bowles, Henry D., Esq., M.D.Denfield, Tenterden
Boyes, Thomas, Esq., M.A., F.R.G.S.Chislehurst
Brent, John, Jun., Esq., F.S.A.The Precincts, Canterbury
Briggs, William, Esq.Dover
Bright, Rev. J. Franck, M.A.Maidstone
Brisbane, Sir James, M.D.Tunbridge Wells
Broderip, Edmund, Esq.Kingsdowne
Bromley, Henry, Esq.Chilham Castle, Canterbury
Brooke, T., Esq., F.S.A.Armitage Bridge, Huddersfield
Broughton, LordPortsdown Lodge, Fareham
Browell, John, Esq.Lee Park, Blackheath, S.E.
Brown, Mr. G.Rochester
Brown, J. Ball, Esq.20, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, W.
Brown, Joseph, Esq., M.P.5, Portland Place, W.
Brown, Thomas, Esq.Buckwell Place, Ashford
Browne, Edgar A., Esq.7, Lansdowne Place, Brunswick Square, Brighton
Browne, Walter, Esq., M.D.14, Park Crescent, Regent's Park, N.W.
Browning, Rev. W. B., M.A.Chiddingstone Rectory
Bryant, George, Esq., F.S.A.Sheerness
Bryant, John, Esq.Sudbury House, Hammersmith, W.
Buckeridge, John G., Esq.Ashford
Buller, C., Esq., M.D.4, Montague Place, Russell Square, W.C.
Burch, William, Esq.Chislehurst
Burgon, Rev. J. W., M.A.Oriel College, Oxford
Burke, Thomas, Esq.St. Paul's Cray, S.E.
Burn, MajorChatham
Burn, Richard, Esq.Hollington, Sussex
Burt, William T., Esq.Leigh, Tunbridge
Burton, T. C., Esq.Plaxtol, Sevenoaks
Burton, Mr. T.Goudhurst
Busk, Hans, Esq., M.A.Cranbrook
Buxton, Thomas Fowell, Esq., M.P.11, Grosvenor Crescent, Belgrave Square, S.W.
Byng, Hon. JohnWrotham Park, Barnet
Calder, Henry, Esq.11, Gloucester Place, Portman Square, W.
Caldwell, E., Esq.Ford Manor, Lingfield, Surrey
Calverley, Rev. Robert J., M.A.Goudhurst
*Campbell, Donald, Esq., F.S.A.23, Cambridge Square, Hyde Park, W.
Campbell, Donald William, Esq.27, Queen's Gardens, Hyde Park, W.
Carden, George, Esq.Crayford
Carden, George, jun., Esq.Crayford
Cardwell, The Rev. Edward, D.D., Principal of St. Alban Hall, and Camden Professor of Ancient History, Oxford
Carter, Thomas, Esq.Montreal, Sevenoaks
Case, Thomas, Esq., M.D.Ashford
Cator, John, Esq.Beckenham Place, Beckenham, S.E.
Cazalet, Edward, Esq.Fair Lawn, Shipbourne, Tonbridge
Chamberlain, The Rev. Thomas, M.A.Croydon, Surrey
Chamberlain, W. W., Esq.Cranbrook
Chapman, Rev. F. R., M.A.Ivychurch, New Romney
Chapman, Rev. J. PrinceLeybourne Rectory
Charington, Edwin, Esq.St. John Street, Minster Yard, York
Cheere, Arthur, Esq.Ashford
Chesshyre, The Rev. W. JosiahNorthfleet Rectory, Kent
*Chester, The Earl ofCholmondeley Castle, Malpas
Chester, The Countess ofCholmondeley Castle, Malpas
Chester, The Rev. Greville JohnSt. Peter's College, Cambridge
Chevallier, The Rev. T., M.A., B.D., F.R.A.S.Bellerby, Yorkshire
Chevallier, Thomas, Esq.Malling House, Hurstpierpoint
Child, Charles, Esq., F.S.A.St. John's Lodge, Blackheath, S.E.
Child, George, Esq.Folkestone
Childs, Charles, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Christie, The Rev. A., M.A.Sittingbourne
Church, Charles, Esq.Old Charlton
Clabon, George, Esq.Barnfield, Gravesend
Clarke, The Rev. E. G., M.A.Biddenham, Kent
Clarke, Frederick, Esq., M.D.Swanage, Dorset
Clarke, G., Esq.Stanley Place, Camden Town, N.W.
Clarke, G. H., Esq.Maidstone
Clarke, George, Esq.Maidstone
Clarke, The Rev. ThomasBradfield
Clifford, The Rev. C. W., M.A.Tunbridge Wells
Cobbett, John Morgan, Esq., M.P.16, New Cavendish Street, W.
Cockle, James, Esq.Hitcham, Maidenhead
Cogan, The Rev. B.Aldingbourne, Sussex
Cohen, Mr. HenryTunbridge Wells
Cole, John Thomas, Esq.Ashford
Coles, Eardley, Esq.Maidstone
Collard, Charles L., Esq.Sandgate
Collier, Rev. Carus, M.A.Cranbrook
Collins, Henry George, Esq.Hythe
Collinson, William, Esq.Bexley
Collison, Mr. ThomasEastry, Sandwich
Collyer, John, Esq.Tonbridge
Collyer, MissTunbridge Wells
Colman, The Rev. John, B.A.Ulcombe, Maidstone
Colson, John, Esq.Milford House, Ashford
Conway, Rev. H. C., M.A.Sheldwich Vicarage, Faversham
Cook, Edmund Francis, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Cooke, John H., Esq., F.S.A.31, Cadogan Place, S.W.
Cooper, Henry, Esq.Old Charlton
Cooper, William Durrant, Esq., F.S.A.81, Guildford Street, W.C.
Cotton, The Rev. E. L., M.A.Upper Hardres, Canterbury
Courthope, George, Esq.The Hook, near Tenterden
Crake, Rev. A. D., M.A.Appledore, Kent
Crane, Mr. H. W.King Street, Maidstone
Crisford, Mr. JohnHigh Street, Maidstone
Croft, Charles, Esq.Ashford
Cronk, Edward, Esq.Hastings
Cronk, James, Esq.Hastings
Crosby, James, Esq., F.S.A.Strand, W.C.
Crowe, Rev. Canon, M.A.Buckland Vicarage, Dover
Cubitt, George, Esq., M.P.78, Gloucester Place, Portman Square, W.
Curling, George, Esq.Bromley, S.E.
Curtis, James, Esq.Swanscombe Park
Curtois, Rev. Edward, M.A.Lincoln

*Curtois, Rev. William, M.A.Lincoln
Curzon, Nathaniel, Esq.Ramsgate
Dadd, John, Esq.Ashford
Daniell, George, Esq.Hamptons, Chislehurst
Darby, Mr. J. F.Maidstone
Darling, The Rev. J., M.A.Cobham, Surrey
*Darnley, The Earl ofCobham Hall
Darnley, The Countess ofditto
*Dartford Literary InstitutionDartford
Dashwood, Mr. J.Maidstone
Davidson, Mr. WilliamFaversham
Davies, The Rev. E. W., M.A.New Romney
Davison, The Rev. W. D., B.A.All Saints', Dover
Day, George, Esq.Sandling Place
Day, H. M., Esq.Westerham
Day, William, Esq.St. John's House, Margate
Day, William, Esq.St. John's House, Margate
Deedes, Rev. Gordon W., M.A.Saltwood Rectory, Hythe
*Deedes, William, Esq., M.P.Saltwood, Hythe
Delmar, Rev. A. E., M.A.Wye
Delmar, Rev. John, B.A.Wye
Dempsey, Mrs.Bromley, S.E.
Dene, Mr. AlfredMaidstone
Dering, Sir Edward, Bart.Surrenden Dering, Ashford
Dering, LadySurrenden Dering, Ashford
Dering, Rev. H. N., M.A.Pluckley Rectory
Dering, Mrs.Pluckley Rectory
Devenish, Mr. JohnMaidstone
Dewing, Rev. E. T., M.A.Dover
Dewing, Mrs.Dover
Deedes, William, Esq., M.P.Saltwood, Hythe
Dixon, MissChislehurst
Dodd, George, Esq., F.S.A.Birling, Maidstone
Dodd, Mrs.Birling, Maidstone
Dolling, John, Esq.25, Devonshire Place, Portland Place, W.
Douglass, Charles, Esq.Ashford
Drake, Rev. RobertStowting Vicarage
Driver, Rev. John, M.A.Otham Vicarage
Dunn, Samuel, Esq.Hollingbourne, Maidstone
Durham, Rev. J. G.Little Chart, Ashford
Dyne, Rev. John B., D.D.Berkhamsted School, Herts
Dyson, Mr. CharlesChatham
East, The Rev. Alfred, M.A.Stoke Rectory, Rochester
Easterby, John C., Esq.2, Hyde Park Terrace, W.
Eastland, Mr. JohnMaidstone
Eden, George, Esq.7, Upper Gloucester Place, Dorset Square, N.W.
Edmeades, Edward, Esq.Rock House, Maidstone
Edmeades, The MissesGreen Street House, near Sittingbourne
Edmeades, Mrs.Nash Court, Faversham
Egerton, Sir Philip de Malpas Grey-, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A.Oulton Park, Tarporley
Egerton, The Rev. W. H., M.A.Pluckley Rectory
Elliott, John Banks, Esq.8, Gloucester Square, Hyde Park, W.
Ellis, Sir Henry, K.H., F.R.S., F.S.A.24, Bedford Square, W.C.
Elwes, Dudley George Cary, Esq.Wickham Court, Bromley, S.E.
Empson, Charles, Esq.Brockham, Reigate
Engleheart, Rev. G. D., M.A.Barfreston Rectory, Dover
Erle-Drax, J. S. W. Sawbridge, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.Chilton, Blandford, Dorset
Evans, Caleb, Esq.Yardley Lodge, Tunbridge Wells
Evans, Frederick John, Esq.Maidstone
Eversfield, James, Esq.The Grove, Hollington
Ewart, John Alexander, Esq.Park Crescent, Brighton
Eyre, Rev. Charles, M.A.Abinger Rectory, Dorking
Eyre, John, Esq.Brickenden Bury, Hertford
Fagg, George, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Farrar, William, Esq.Broadwater, Tunbridge Wells
*Faussett, Thomas Godfrey, Esq.Heppington, Canterbury
Faulkner, The Rev. Robert A.Lamberhurst
Fectig, Rev. M. S.Addington Rectory, Croydon
Fielding, The Hon. and Rev. CanonExeter College, Oxford
*Filmer, Sir Edmund, Bart., M.P.East Sutton Place, Maidstone
Filmer, LadyEast Sutton Place, Maidstone
Finch, Charles, Esq., F.S.A.72, Guilford Street, W.C.
Finch, Heneage, Esq.Burton, Lonsdale, Lancashire
Finch, J. W., Esq.Maidstone
Finch, MissSouthborough, Tunbridge Wells
Finch, Thomas, Esq.Rainham, near Sittingbourne
Finch, Thomas, Esq.Maidstone
Fitch, Robert, Esq., F.S.A., F.G.S.Norwich
Fitzgerald, George, Esq.36, St. George's Square, Pimlico, S.W.
Fitzhugh, The Rev. W. A.Banbury
Fitzmaurice, John W. Esq.Sandgate
Fitz-Roy, The Rev. Lord Charles, M.A.Ramsbury, Hungerford
*Forbes, John, Esq., M.D.Hillingdon, Uxbridge
Ford, Sir Richard, K.C.B., F.R.S., F.S.A.14, Old Burlington Street, W.
*Ford, William, Esq.Southlands, Bromley
Forster, William, Esq., M.A.Clifton, Bristol
Forster, William Edward, Esq.Middlesex Hospital, W.
*Fosbrooke, The Rev. Thomas Dudley, M.A., F.S.A.Wick, Bristol
Foss, Edward, Esq., F.S.A.Brixton Hill, S.W.
Fotheringham, The Rev. J. S., M.A.St. John's Wood, N.W.
Fotheringham, Rev. James, D.D.Purbrook, Hants
Foulger, Frederick, Esq.Greenhithe
Fox, Charles, Esq.Swanscombe
Franks, Augustus Wollaston, Esq., F.S.A.British Museum, W.C.
Fremantle, The Ven. W. R., M.A., Archdeacon of MaidstoneFaversham
Freshfield, Edwin, Esq.5, Bank Buildings, E.C.
Freshfield, W. D., Esq.Upper Gatton Park, Reigate
Fuller, Francis, Esq.36, Sackville Street, W.
Fuller, Mrs.Goudhurst
Furner, Rev. J. S.Hurstmonceaux, Sussex
Furrell, Rev. Henry, M.A.Brabourne Rectory
Gairdner, John, Esq., M.D.Ely Place, Holborn, E.C.
Garfit, T., Esq.Maidstone
Garnham, The Rev. H. W., M.A.West Mailing
*Gascoigne, Gen. Sir T. S., Bart., F.S.A.Parlington Park, Aberford
Gell, John Philip, Esq., M.A.The Vicarage, Marylebone, W.
Gibbs, Samuel, Esq.Denmark Hill, S.E.
Gibbs, Mrs.Denmark Hill, S.E.
Gilbert, Jas. Winter, Esq., M.D.The Precincts, Canterbury
Giraud, F. F., Esq., F.S.A.Sheerness
Godfrey, Charles, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Golding, George, Esq.Maidstone
Goldney, Gabriel, Esq.Chippenham, Wilts
Goldney, The Rev. Dr.Canterbury
*Goodford, The Very Rev. C. O., D.D., F.S.A.Provost of Eton College
Gordon, Hunter, Esq.3, Hinde Street, Manchester Square, W.
Gore, Charles, Esq., M.A.Fountain Court, Temple, E.C.
Gore, Mrs.Higham Court, Canterbury
Gosse, Philip Henry, Esq., F.R.S.Sandhurst Villa, Torquay
Grant, John, Esq.Birling
Graves, The Rev. J. W., M.A.Tunbridge Wells
*Gray, John, Esq.Bootham House, York
*Greenall, Sir Gilbert, Bart.Walton Hall, Warrington
Greenhill, Rev. W. A., M.D.Hastings
Grellet, The Rev. FrancisSwanley, Sevenoaks
Griffith, E. W., Esq.Woodlands, Meopham
Griffith, Charles Henry, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Grove, George, Esq.Old Charlton, S.E.
*Gwynne, James E., Esq., F.S.A.Ashfold, Handcross, Sussex
Gwynne, The Rev. F. W.Withyham, Tunbridge Wells
Hale, Robert, Esq., M.D.Tunbridge Wells
Hall, William, Esq., M.D.Maidstone
Hall, Rev. J. H., M.A.Thurnham Rectory, Maidstone
Hallett, William, Esq.Beckenham
Halsall, W., Esq., M.D.Lee Park, Blackheath, S.E.
Hamilton, The Rev. Walter Kerr, M.A.Aylesbury
Hamilton, John, Esq.Park Road, New Cross
Hammond, R. T., Esq.Bank, Canterbury
Hancock, Charles, Esq.Newport, Isle of Wight
Hardwick, John, Esq.Sittingbourne
Hardy, Gathorne, Esq., M.P.42, Grosvenor Street, W.
Hardy, James, Esq.South Ashford
Hardy, Rev. Robert, M.A.Birchington, Thanet
Hare, The Rev. G. W., M.A.Sittngbourne
Harris, Robert, Esq.9, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
Harrison, William, Esq., M.D.Maidstone
Harrison, Mr. J. P.Chislehurst
Harrison, J. T., Esq.Seafield House, Blackheath Park, S.E.
Hart, Robert, Esq., M.D.Sevenoaks
Hart, W. H., Esq., F.S.A.Clapham Park, S.W.
Hassell, T., Esq.Faversham
Hassell, J., Esq.Maidstone
Hatton, Rev. J. T., M.A.Upper Hardres, Canterbury
Hawkins, Edward, Esq., F.S.A.British Museum, W.C.
Hawley, Sir Joseph Henry, Bart.Tunbridge Wells
Haydon, The Rev. B. R., M.A.Chislehurst
Hayman, The Rev. Canon Henry, M.A.Wateringbury, Maidstone
Hayward, Rev. James, M.A.Sissinghurst
Head, W. E., Esq.Malling
Head, Robert, Esq.Rochester
Heales, Alfred, Esq.31, Gt. James Street, Bedford Row, W.C.
Healey, John, Esq., F.S.A.Hanwell Park, Middlesex
Heathcote, Rev. Thomas L., M.A.Brasted Vicarage, Sevenoaks
Hemming, George Wirgman, Esq.4, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Henniker, Rev. John H., M.A.St. John's Vicarage, Tunbridge Wells
Herbert, The Rev. The Hon. WilliamCalverley Park, Tunbridge Wells
Herring, Francis, Esq., M.D.Ashford
Hesketh, Robert, Esq.Easton Court, Tenbury
Hetherington, Rev. John, M.A.Crayford
Hewitt, Rev. W. D., M.A.Folkestone
Hewitt, The Rev. W., M.A.Higham, Rochester
*Hickson, William Edward, Esq.Fairlawn, Highgate
Hides, John, Esq.Ford Manor, Lingfield
Hildyard, The Rev. T. B., M.A.Stowting Vicarage, Hythe
Hilder, J. G., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Hill, John, Esq.St. James's Square, Bath
Hilton, H. E., Esq., M.D.West Mailing
Hodges, Charles, Esq.Ashford
Hoile, Mr. HenryMaidstone
Holden, The Rev. Charles, B.A.Sandhurst
Holland, The Rev. W., M.A.Folkestone
Hollingworth, T. G., Esq.Bexley
Hollingworth, Mrs.Bexley
Holme, Alfred, Esq., F.S.A.Tunbridge Wells
Holmes, The Rev. J. H. B., M.A.Ashford
Hooper, William, Esq.Kennington, Ashford
Hore, The Rev. William S.Hythe
Horn, Rev. F. W., M.A.Old Charlton
Horner, John, Esq.Maidstone
*Hope, Alexander J. B. Beresford, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.Bedgebury Park
Hopkins, Joseph, Esq.Ewell House, Old Charlton
Hopwood, William, Esq.2, Essex Court, Temple, E.C.
Horsfield, George H., Esq.St. James's Place, W.
Horton, CaptainRochester
Hovenden, Robert, Esq., F.S.A.Heathcote, Park Hill, Croydon
Howard, J. J., Esq., LL.D., F.S.A.Dartford
Howard, Mrs. WilliamKennington, Ashford
Howell, George, Esq.Linton
Howitt, William, Esq.Wandsworth, S.W.
Hughes, Mrs.Northiam
Hughes, Colonel, M.P.Hothfield Place, Ashford
Hughes, William, Esq.Rochester
Hughes, William, Esq.Rochester
Hulse, Rev. M. T., M.A.Cranbrook
Hussey, Edward, Esq.Scotney Castle, Lamberhurst
Hussey, Robert, Esq., F.S.A.Oxford
Hutchinson, Charles Frederick, Esq., M.A.Reculver, near Canterbury
Hutchinson, Rev. F. N., M.A.Headcorn
Ingram, The Rev. J. P., M.A.Ightham
Irby, Rev. C. LeonardRocklands, Chislehurst
Isaacs, Henry, Esq.Maidstone
Izard, Walter, Esq.Ashford
*James, Rev. John T., M.A.Barfreston Rectory, Dover
James, William, Esq., F.S.A.Shirley House, Hastings
*James, Walter, Esq., F.S.A.Stirling Park, Tunbridge Wells
Jennings, Nathaniel, Esq.Maidstone
*Jesse, The Rev. ArthurTonbridge
Johnson, Charles, Esq.Ramsgate
Jones, Edwin, Esq.Ashford
*Jones, Rev. John Lewis, M.A.Ticehurst, Sussex
Jones, Joseph, Esq.Linton
Jones, W. F., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
*Jones, Rev. W. H., M.A.Buckland, Dover
Keate, Charles, Esq.Chatham
Keene, Charles, Esq.Headcorn
Kemble, Henry, Esq.Bexley
Kennedy, Sir Robert Francis, Bart.Wimpole Street, W.
Kerry, Rev. Charles, M.A.St. Margaret's, Rochester
Kerr, Russell, Esq.Ramsgate
Kilburn, Charles, Esq., M.D.Tunbridge Wells
Kingsmill, Mrs.Rochester
Kingsmill, MissRochester
Kipping, John, Esq.Chislehurst
Knatchbull, Sir Norton Joseph, Bart., F.S.A.Mersham Hatch
Knatchbull, The LadyMersham Hatch
Knight, Rev. Henry W., M.A.Hollingbourne Rectory, Maidstone
*Knight, John, Esq.Chatham
*Knott, Rev. J., M.A.Mersham
Knott, Samuel, Esq.St. Margaret's Bank, Rochester
Lambard, Multon, Esq.Beckenham
Lambarde, Mr. M. J.Beckenham
*Larking, The Rev. Lambert B., M.A.Ryarsh Vicarage, Maidstone
Latham, Mr. J. D.Maidstone
Lauderdale, The Rev. A. H.Canterbury
Lawrence, The Rev. Richard V., M.A.Hodsoll Street, Wrotham
Lawson, William, Esq., F.R.G.S.Lee, Blackheath, S.E.
Leathes, Rev. Stanley, M.A.Greenwich
*Lee, William, Esq., F.S.A.58, Upper Harley Street, W.
Le Feuvre, P. G., Esq.Holmbury, Sevenoaks
Leigh, Mr. AlfredRochester
Lewis, E., Esq.St. John's, Tunbridge Wells
Lewis, Mrs.Sandrock House, Tunbridge Wells
Lewis, The Rev. F. W., M.A.Chislehurst
Lewis, Henry, Esq.Blackheath Park, S.E.
*Lingham, Edward, Esq.Bromley
Lingard, Rev. S. F., M.A.Wingham
Little, Thomas, Esq.Blackheath, S.E.
Lochée, C. F., Esq., F.S.A.35, Hyde Park Gardens, W.
Long, Charles, Esq.Maidstone
Lord, John, Esq.20, St. James's Square, Bath
Lord, Lieut.-Col.St. Leonard's-on-Sea
Loudon, Rev. John Claudius, M.A.Loose
Loudon, T., Esq., M.D.2, Henrietta Street, Cavendish Square, W.
*Lushington, Edmund, Esq., M.A.Sittingbourne
Lushington, Rev. Edward, M.A.Doddington, Faversham
Luxmoore, Rev. John, M.A.Tunstall Rectory
Lyall, George, Esq., M.P.6, Gloucester Square, Hyde Park, W.
Lynch, William Henry, Esq., M.D.Maidstone
Lynes, Thomas, Esq.Otterden Place, Faversham
Mackeson, Henry Bean, Esq.Hythe
Mackeson, Thomas Cooper, Esq.Hythe
Maclaren, Charles, Esq.Bromley, S.E.
Maidstone, The ViscountEastwell Park, Ashford
Malcolm, Robert, Esq.5, Rue Ventadour, Paris
Manning, Rev. William, M.A.Barham Rectory, Canterbury
Maples, The Rev. G. E., M.A.Dover
Marchmont, Mr. JohnMaidstone
Marryat, Joseph, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.8, Charles Street, Berkeley Square, W.
Marshall, George, Esq.Tenterden
Martin, Alexander, Esq.Nash Court, Margate
Mason, Rev. J. Y., M.A.Sheldwich Rectory, Faversham
Masterman, William, Esq.Leyton
Matson, James, Esq.Ashford
Maxwell, Charles, Esq.Westfield House, Tenterden
Mayer, Mr. SamuelMaidstone
McCall, W. T., Esq.Clapham Park, S.W.
Mead, Rev. A. W., M.A.Ashford
*Mead, George Wilson, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Meadway, George, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Mears, Mr. JohnMaidstone
*Mears, Thomas, Esq.Whitechapel Bell Foundry, Whitechapel, E.
*Medley, Joseph, Esq., F.S.A.South Hill Park, Bracknell
Mercer, James, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
*Michell, Nicholas, Esq., F.S.A.180, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park, W.
Middleton, W. Esq.28, Cranbourne Street, Leicester Square, W.C.
Miles, Rev. John, M.A.Crundale, Ashford
Mills, Arthur, Esq.Lancing, Sussex
Mills, Mrs.Ashford
Moffatt, Mr. G. C.Maidstone
Monckton, Mrs.Hatch House, Borden
Monkton, WilliamAshford
Montefiore, Jacob, Esq.The Croft, Isle of Thanet
Moody, Henry, Esq.Hadlow, Tunbridge
Moody, William, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Moor, MissDover
Moore, H. M., Esq.Grange House, Rotherfield
Moore, MissDover
Morgan, Edward, Esq., F.S.A.Cae Celyn, Denbigh
Morice, C. S., Esq.Wilmington
Morley, Samuel, Esq.Craven Hill, W.
Morris, Rev. J., M.A.Mereworth Vicarage, Maidstone
Morris, MissGreenhill, Craven Arms, Salop
Morris, W. H., Esq.Blackheath, S.E.
Morshead, G. F., Esq.Hythe
Moss, WilliamMaidstone
Mount, The Rev. Charles, M.A.Ashford
Mount, William, Esq.Bishopsbourne, Canterbury
Moxon, Samuel, Esq.Gravesend
Munn, Thomas, Esq.Dover
Murchison, Charles, Esq.Dover
Murray, The Rev. C. P., M.A.Brasted Vicarage, Sevenoaks
Murray, Henry, Esq.Canterbury
Nash, Rev. C. F., M.A.Sandgate
Nevill, Mrs.Tunbridge Wells
Nevill, William, Esq.Dover
Newman, Henry, Esq.Preston House, Ashford
Newman, Nathaniel, Esq.Poultry, E.C.
Nicholls, J. A., Esq.Bromley, S.E.
Noble, C. H., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Noble, John, Esq.Blackheath, S.E.
Norbury, The Rev. William, M.A.Tunbridge Wells
Norman, William, Esq., F.S.A.Croydon
North, Charles, Esq.Dover
Norton, C. Bowyer, Esq.Ashford
Nunnerley, Mr. HenryMaidstone
Ogilvy, Mrs.Leybourne Grange
Ogle, Thomas, Esq., M.D.Tunbridge Wells
Ormerod, George, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A.Chester
Ormerod, G. M., Esq., F.G.S.Chester
*Orr, John Boyd, Esq.80, Gloucester Place, Portman Square, W.
Ouvry, Frederick, Esq., F.S.A.49, Oxford Terrace, Hyde Park, W.
*Palmer, E., Esq.Maidstone
Papillon, Thomas, Esq.Aldington, Hythe
*Parker, Charles, Esq.Southborough
Parker, John, Esq.Abingdon
Parker, W. H., Esq.Southborough
Parsons, Henry, Esq.Tunstall
Payn, George, Esq.Canterbury
Payne, Edward, Esq.Eltham, S.E.
Payne, J., Esq.Ashford
Payne, George, Esq.Maidstone
Paynter, Thomas, Esq.St. John's Lodge, Blackheath, S.E.
Pearce, Rev. John, M.A.Maidstone
Pearce, W. E., Esq.Swanley
Pearman, Rev. Charles, M.A.Cranbrook
Peirce, Henry, Esq.Rochester
Pelham, The Hon. and Rev. W. A.Dover
Pemberton, William, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A.West Mailing
*Penfold, Hugh, Esq.Rustington, Worthing
*Pennington, John, Esq., M.D., F.R.C.S.Smarden
*Perfect, Thomas, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
*Perkins, Edward, Esq.Birling, Maidstone
Perry, George, Esq.27, Bedford Row, W.C.
Pett, Mr. T. O.Maidstone
Peyton, Rev. D., M.A.Linton
Phillips, William, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Pickering, Charles, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Pickering, John, Esq.Yalding
Pike, Rev. HenryBrenchley Vicarage
Piper, William T., Esq.Dover
Pittock, J., Esq.Gravesend
Plomer, Rev. HenryStoke, near Rochester
Plumer, The Rev. George, M.A.North Cray
Pocock, Rev. Nicholas, M.A.Bath
Pollock, F. R., Esq., Q.C., M.P.Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Polhill, C., Esq.Chiddingstone
Polhill, Charles, Esq.Rusthall Lodge, Tunbridge Wells
Polhill, William, Esq.Ashford
Pomfret, Mr. JohnMaidstone
*Poole, George, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Post, Rev. William, M.A.Horsmonden
Powell, Evan Thomas Davies, Esq.North Cray
Prentis, Mr. H.Maidstone
Preston, Charles, Esq.Linton
Price, Mr. JohnMaidstone
Pritchard, Rev. Edward, M.A.Canterbury
Pritchard, Rev. E. M., M.A.Dover
Probyn, The Rev. E. L., M.A.Smeeth Rectory, Ashford
Pulman, George P. R., Esq.Southborough
Punnett, William, Esq.Southborough
Pusey, The Hon. and Rev. SidneyPusey Vicarage, Faringdon
Pye, The Rev. Henry John, M.A.St. George's, Ramsgate
Quested, Rev. W., M.A.Headcorn Vicarage
Radcliffe, John, Esq.Maidstone
Ramsay, Henry, Esq.Birling
Randall, Rev. R. W., M.A.Shoreham, Sevenoaks
Ransley, Mr. WilliamAshford
Rathbone, John, Esq.St. Lawrence, Isle of Thanet
Rathbone, William, Esq.Bromley, S.E.
Ravenshaw, The Rev. E. B.Kingston Rectory, Canterbury
Rawlins, George, Esq.19, Woburn Place, Russell Square, W.C.
Ray, Rev. W. W., M.A.Vicarage, Ashford
Reader, Edmund, Esq.Bexley, S.E.
Reader, Thomas, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Reader, William, Esq.Bromley, S.E.
Reed, Mr. AlfredMaidstone
Reeve, Rev. Thomas, M.A.Dover
Reynolds, Robert, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Rice, E., Esq.7, Park Place, St. James's Street, S.W.
Richards, MajorMaidstone
Rickards, Mr. JohnMaidstone
Rickards, William, Esq.16, Beaumont Street, Portland Place, W.
Rickman, T. M., Esq.Lewes
Ripley, G., Esq., M.D.Ashford
Robinson, George, Esq.Croydon, S.E.
Robinson, Mr. WilliamAshford
Robinson, Mr. ThomasDover
Rogers, JohnMaidstone
Rogers, The Rev. Edward B., M.A.Charing Rectory, Ashford
Rogers, John, Esq.Ashford
Roget, Peter Mark, Esq., M.D., F.R.S., F.S.A.39, Upper Bedford Place, W.C.
Rolfe, George, Esq.Folkestone
Rosseter, Mr. WilliamTunbridge Wells
Rossiter, William, Esq.Higham Lodge, Rochester
Rowland, John, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Ruck, The Rev. CharlesAsh-next-Sandwich
Ruggles, The Rev. FrederickBarham
Russell, Charles, Esq., Q.C., M.P.54, Harley Street, W.
Russell, Thomas, Esq.Beckenham
Russell, Mrs.Poyle, Farnborough, Kent
Russell, Mr. W. R.Maidstone
Rye, Reginald T., Esq.Redland, Bristol
Salomons, D., Esq.Broomhill, Tunbridge Wells
Salomons, The Right Hon. Sir David, Bart., M.P.Broomhill, Tunbridge Wells
Sanders, William, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Sankey, Mrs.St. James's, Tunbridge Wells
Sankey, Mr. W. H.Maidstone
Sargeaunt, William R., Esq.Pembury
Saunders, George, Esq.Bethersden
Sawyer, John, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Say, Benjamin, Esq.St. Augustine's, Ramsgate
Scott, John, Esq.Ashford
Scott, John, Esq.Preston House, Faversham
Scott, Mrs.Preston House, Faversham
Scott, Mr. WilliamMaidstone
Scudamore, Charles, Esq., M.D.Bath
Seale, Rev. ThomasBarming, Maidstone
Selby, Edward, Esq.Ashford
Shaw, Mr. JohnMaidstone
Shepherd, Rev. H. P.North Cray
Shepherd, Rev. F. H.North Cray
Sheppard, Mr. HenryMaidstone
Sheppard, J., Esq.Maidstone
Shirreff, John Campbell, Esq., M.D.Greenhithe
Shorter, Rev. Charles H., M.A.Bromley, S.E.
Shum, J., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Shuter, The Rev. Frederick W., M.A.Pluckley Rectory, Ashford
Sikes, Rev. George H., M.A.Yalding, Kent
Simmons, The Rev. Richard, M.A.Penshurst, Kent
Simons, Mr. GeorgeMaidstone
Simpson, James, Esq., F.S.A.Brook Street, W.
Skardon, James, Esq.Cranbrook
Skeels, Charles, Esq.Maidstone
Skinner, Mr. GeorgeMaidstone
*Sladen, Thomas, Esq.Ripple Vale, Dover
Smith, Dr. S. R.4, Park Place, St. James's Street, S.W.
Smith, Henry, Esq.Southborough
Smith, George, Esq.Rochester
Smith, Joseph, Esq.Penshurst
Smith, MissNash Court, Faversham
Smith, Mr. JamesMaidstone
Smith, Rev. Joseph, M.A.Maidstone
Smith, S. J., Esq., M.D.Lewisham, S.E.
Smith, Mr. SamuelMaidstone
Smith, The Rev. H. L., M.A.Goudhurst Vicarage
Smith, William, Esq.Sutton Valence
Smythe, Henry D., Esq.Willesborough
Solly, Edward, Esq., F.S.A.23, Montague Place, Russell Square, W.C.
Solly, Henry S., Esq.Maidstone
Sotheron, Thomas, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.Fladbury, Worcestershire
Sowley, The Rev. J. G., M.A.Ashford
Speer, William, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Spencer, Rev. R., M.A.Wateringbury, Maidstone
Spencer, J. R., Esq.Worcester College, Oxford
Stainer, Rev. William, M.A.St. Michael's Rectory, Sittingbourne
Stanhope, The Right Hon. EarlChevening
Stanley, Frederick, Esq., M.P.Whitehall
*Stanley, The Right Hon. LordKnowsley, Lancashire
Stapleton, The Right Hon. LordCarlton Terrace, W.
Statham, Rev. William B., M.A.The Poplars, Southborough
Stebbing, Thomas R., Esq.Canterbury
Stedolph, James, Esq.Ashford
Stidolph, William, Esq.Sandhurst
Stedolph, George, Esq.Ashford
*Stewart, David, Esq.Lynne Cottage, Southborough
Stokes, Mr. ThomasMaidstone
Stone, Rev. EdwardBrenchley, Kent
*Streatfeild, John, Esq.Chiddingstone, Kent
Streatfeild, Rev. G. S., M.A.Chiddingstone, Kent
*Streatfeild, George Sidney, Esq., F.S.A.The Rocks, Uckfield
Strickland, Mr. W. F.Maidstone
Stringer, Mr. EdwardMaidstone
*Style, Sir Charles, Bart.Bromley, S.E.
Style, Sir T. C., Bart.Sittingbourne
Surtees, The Rev. Scott F., M.A.Southfleet Rectory, Dartford
Sutton, Rev. CanonSt. Margaret's, Rochester
Sweeting, The Rev. Henry, M.A.Folkestone
Swinford, Frederick, Esq.High Street, Kensington, W.
Talbot, Rev. ThomasLinton
Talbot, The Rev. R., M.A.Cudham Rectory, Bromley, S.E.
Tapp, George, Esq.Eastwell
Tasker, John, Esq.Tenterden
Tattersall, W., Esq.Cranbrook
Taylor, Mrs.St. Leonard's-on-Sea
Taylor, Sir William, Bart.55, Eaton Place, S.W.
Taylor, T. J., Esq.59, Baker Street, W.
Teale, The Rev. W. H., M.A.North Cray
Thompson, Mr. HenryMaidstone
Thornton, George, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Thornton, ColonelBromley, S.E.
Thornton, Mr. W. W.Maidstone
*Thorpe, Mrs.Park Lodge, Maidstone
Thynne, Rev. Lord JohnCharlton Rectory, Dover
*Toke, Nicolas, Esq., F.S.A.Godinton House, Ashford
*Toke, Mrs.Godinton House, Ashford
Tomlin, Thomas, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Tomson, William, Esq.St. Leonard's-on-Sea
Toulmin, Mr. JohnMaidstone
Townsend, The Rev. H., M.A.Wittersham Vicarage
Toye, Mr. W. E.Maidstone
Treffry, William H., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Trimmer, The Rev. G. H., M.A.All Saints' Rectory, Maidstone
Tucker, The Rev. H., M.A.Sandhurst
Tudor, Richard, Esq.Ashford
Turner, Charles, Esq.Maidstone
*Turner, Frederick, Esq.Brickendon Bury, Hertford
Twining, The Rev. Richard, M.A.Goudhurst Vicarage
Twopeny, The Rev. Richard, M.A.Stockbury Vicarage
*Twysden, Sir William, Bart.Roydon Hall, East Peckham
Tyndale, The Rev. H. M., M.A.Milton Rectory, Sittingbourne
Tyson, Mr. RobertMaidstone
Vallance, A. W., Esq.19, Arlington Street, W.
Vallance, Charles, Esq.Dartford
Vaughan, Rev. David, M.A.Goudhurst
Vincent, William, Esq.Bromley, S.E.
Visger, Rev. Charles, M.A.Barham
Wadmore, James, Esq.9, Southwick Crescent, Hyde Park, W.
Walker, Robert, Esq., M.D.Clifton
Walker, William, Esq.Ramsgate
Warde, Charles, Esq.Squerryes Court, Westerham
Warde, Mrs.Squerryes Court, Westerham
Wardell, Charles, Esq.Caterham
Wardle, J. Charles, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Ward, Rev. George, M.A.Buxted Vicarage, Uckfield
Warren, T. H., Esq.56, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
Watson, John, Esq.Maidstone
Watts, Mr. JohnMaidstone
Waugh, Charles, Esq., M.D.4, Westbourne Square, W.
Webb, Joseph, Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Webb, Joseph, Esq.Bromley, S.E.
Webb, Rev. George, M.A.Detling Vicarage, Maidstone
Webster, George, Esq.Seabrook, Hythe
Welby, The Rev. W. E., M.A.Goudhurst Vicarage
Wells, The Rev. JamesCharing
Wells, Rev. J. W., M.A.Wateringbury
*West, The Right Hon. Earl DelawarrBuckhurst, Tunbridge Wells
Weston, The Rev. G. S., M.A.Chiddingstone Vicarage
Whately, H., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Whiston, Mr. WilliamMaidstone
White, James, Esq.Newnham, Sittingbourne
White, The Rev. John, M.A.Penge Vicarage
White, Mr. J. F.Maidstone
White, Mr. ThomasMaidstone
White, T. P., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Whiting, J., Esq.Eastwell
Whiting, Mr. CharlesMaidstone
Whittaker, Rev. H. M., M.A.Plaxtol, Sevenoaks
*Wigan, William Lewis, Esq.Clifton House, Tamworth
Wilkinson, The Rev. E. S.Stisted Rectory, Braintree
*Wilkinson, John, Esq., F.S.A.Wildernesse, Seal, Sevenoaks
Wilks, John, Esq.Eltham, S.E.
Williams, Charles, Esq.Faversham
Williams, Henry, Esq.Swanley
*Williams, Samuel B., Esq.Stone House, Lewisham, S.E.
Williams, The Rev. H. B., M.A.Sittingbourne
Williams, Mr. J.Maidstone
Willis, The Rev. F. J., M.A.Crayford Vicarage
Willis, W. E., Esq.Earl Street, Maidstone
Wilson, The Rev. J. S., M.A.Hothfield, Ashford
Wilson, Rev. J. H.Tenterden
Wingham, The Rev. J. H., M.A.Halling
Wingrove, W. H., Esq.Tunbridge Wells
Wood, Thomas, Esq.Tonbridge
Woodgate, The Rev. H. A., M.A.St. James's Vicarage, Dover
Woodhead, John, Esq.Dover
Wooldridge, The Rev. W., M.A.Tunbridge Wells
Woollett, The Rev. Canon, M.A.Faversham
Wootton, George, Esq.Dartford
Worsfold, The Rev. T. C., M.A.Doddington, Sittingbourne
Wotton, Rev. T. F., M.A.Frinsted Vicarage, Sittingbourne
Wrangham, The Rev. Francis, M.A.Skreen Rectory, Tewkesbury
Wright, Charles, Esq.West Mailing
Wright, Mr. HenryMaidstone
Wright, John, Esq.Rochester
*Wyatt, Thomas, Esq., F.S.A.2, John Street, Bedford Row, W.C.
Wykeham, Sir H., Bart.Oxford
*Wyndham, The Hon. P.Petworth, Sussex
Wynne, Mr. G. B.Maidstone
Wynne, H. G., Esq.Maidstone

Members elected 1859

Ash, Rev. Jarvis Holland, D.C.L., Calverley Park, Tunbridge Wells.
Filmer, The Dowager Lady, Eaton Square, S.W.
Golding, Mr. Charles, Paddington, W.
Hallowes, Thomas, Esq., Tunbridge.
Philpott, John, Esq., West Farleigh.
Pollard, James P., Esq., 51, Upper John Street, Fitzroy Square, W.
Russell, Rev. John Fuller, D.C.L., F.S.A., Greenhithe.
Sandilands, Edwin Vincent, Esq., Hythe.
Selwyn, Rev. E. J., Lee Park, Lee, S.E.
Temple, Rev. W., Rector of St. Alphege, Canterbury, Eastbridge Hospital, Canterbury.
Wilkinson, T. Eachus, Esq., Sydenham, S.E.

To the Members of the Kent Archaeological Society, the history of its origin and early progress must necessarily be a subject of interest. We cannot, therefore, commence our first Volume better than by recording, step by step, the annals of the Association, from the day when its first promoters assembled at Mereworth, until its organization was completed at the Inaugural Meeting of April last.

On the 19th of September, 1857, the Viscount and Viscountess Falmouth invited a few friends to Mereworth Castle, for the purpose of laying the foundation of an Archaeological Society for the county of Kent.

That party consisted of the following Noblemen and Gentlemen:-

The Viscount FALMOUTH, in the Chair.
The Marquess CAMDEN, K.G.
The Earl AMHERST.
The Honourable and Reverend Sir F. J. STAPLETON, Bart.
CHARLES WYKEHAM MARTIN, Esq., M.P.
JAMES WHATMAN, Esq., M.P.
EDWARD HUSSEY, Esq.
GEORGE WARDE NORMAN, Esq.
Rev. MIDDLETON ONSLOW, Rural Dean.
Rev. WILLIAM JOHN MOORE BRABAZON.
Rev. LAMBERT BLACKWELL LARKING.

On this occasion, after a short discussion, the following Resolutions were adopted:-

1. That a Society be formed, to be called "The Kent Archaeological Society."

2. That the Marquess CAMDEN, K.G., be President thereof.

3. That Members of either House of Parliament shall, on becoming Members of the Society, be placed on the list of Vice-Presidents.

4. That the Rules of the Sussex Society, having been already tested by experience, be adopted by this Society.

5. That a Committee be formed, with instructions to apply to all those who are supposed to be favourable to the objects of this Meeting, to invite them to become "original Members" without the Ballot.

6. That the said Committee consist of the Viscount FALMOUTH, Sir EDWARD DERING, Bart., M.P., Sir BROOK BRIDGES, Bart., M.P., CHARLES WYKEHAM MARTIN, Esq., M.P., JAMES WHATMAN, Esq., M.P., EDWARD FOSS, Esq., and the Rev. BEALE POSTE, with power to add to their number. The President and Honorary Secretary of the Society to be ex officio Members of this Committee.

7. That the said Committee be instructed to consider and report to a General Meeting any alterations in the Rules which may appear to be necessary for the success of the Society.

8. That the said General Meeting be summoned as soon as the Committee are prepared with their Report; and that the Rules be then submitted for final approval.

9. That the Rev. LAMBERT B. LARKING be Honorary Secretary.

The thanks of the Party were subsequently most cordially tendered to Viscount FALMOUTH, for his kindness in allowing them to meet at Mereworth Castle to originate the Society, and for his able and impartial presidency at this their first effort to organize an Archaeological Society for the county of Kent.

It will be needless to insert here the Rules of the Sussex Society, which were provisionally adopted at this Meeting. They will be found in the form in which they were finally accepted by the Inaugural Meeting, as recorded at page xiii.

The Resolutions adopted at the Mereworth Meeting were immediately circulated in all parts of the county, with such successful results, that within two months, on November 24, 1857, the Secretary reported that the Society already consisted of 367 Members, of whom twenty-four were Life Compounders.

On the 24th of November the Committee held their first Meeting at Maidstone for revision of the Rules, etc., when EDWARD KNATCHBULL HUGESSEN, Esq., and CHARLES MERCER, Esq., were elected additional Members.

Two more Meetings of the Committee were subsequently held at the Charles Museum, Maidstone, viz. one on the 17th March, 1858, and the other on the 8th of April following. At these Meetings the Rules were carefully revised, and a Report prepared for presentation to the Inaugural Meeting, summoned to be held at the Charles Museum, Maidstone, on the 14th of April following, for the purpose of ratifying the proceedings of the Committee, and completing the organization of the Society.

Having thus briefly recorded the consecutive steps in the progress of the Society, from the day on which it was first called into existence at Mereworth Castle, till it had attained sufficient maturity for regular Inauguration, we turn to the Transactions of the Meeting which was held, for that purpose, at the Charles Museum, Maidstone, on the 14th of April, 1858.

Among a numerous body of gentlemen interested in Archaeology, and especially in Kentish antiquity, there were present on that occasion:-

The Viscount Sydney, Lord Lieutenant of the County; The Marquess Camden, K.G., President; The Earl Amherst; Viscount Falmouth; The Hon. and Rev. Sir F. J. Stapleton, Bart.; Sir Brook Bridges, Bart., M.P.; Sir Walter James, Bart.; Sir Walter Stirling, Bart.; The Venerable the Archdeacon of Maidstone; The Rev. Professor Stanley, Canon of Christ Church, etc.; Alexander J. B. Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P.; James Whatman, Esq., M.P.; G. Wickham, Esq., Mayor of Maidstone; G. P. Ackworth, Esq.; Rev. J. L. Allan; Rev. F. St. Leger Baldwin; F. Barrow, Esq.; J. H. Baverstock, Esq.; Captain Belfield; W. H. Bensted, Esq.; H. Blandford, Esq.; Rev. W. Moore Brabazon; J. Bruce, Esq., V.P.S.A.; Rev. G. Bryant; M. Bulwer, Esq.; Rev. E. K. Burney; Rev. F. Buttanshaw; W. Clayton, Esq.; Mr. C. J. Cooke; J. Crosby, Esq., F.S.A.; F. Dashwood, Esq.; E. G. Culling Eardley, Esq.; Rev. W. Edmeades; E. Foss, Esq., F.S.A.; J. Fry, Esq.; Rev. C. Harbin; B. Hatch, Esq.; A. Havers, Esq.; J. Hodsoll, Esq.; Rev. J. Hooper; Rev. W. Horne; Edward Hussey, Esq.; Rev. A. C. Jenkins; Mr. Kadwell; Rev. W. Keith; Dr. King; W. Lambarde, Esq.; Rev. J. Latham; R. B. Latter, Esq.; Rev. E. H. MacLachlan; Rev. W. Smith Marriott; Mr. J. Marsh; Rev. J. J. Marsham; C. Mercer, Esq.; Rev. H. Milligan; Rev. G. B. Moore; J. Monckton, Esq.; W. A. Munn, Esq.; G. W. Norman, Esq.; The Rev. M. Onslow, Rural Dean; Rev. C. Parkin; Dr. Plomley; Rev. Beale Poste; C. Powell, Esq.; Rev. J. C. Robertson; J. Rogers, Esq.; J. Savage, Esq.; Rev. T. Sikes; W. Masters Smith, Esq.; Colonel Stanton; J. Steele, Esq.; Rev. H. Stevens; N. E. Stevens, Esq.; W. J. Thoms, Esq., F.S.A.; Rev. J. F. Thorpe; T. Thurston, Esq.; E. Twopeny, Esq.; Rev. R. Vincent; T. Webster, Esq., R.A.; Alderman Whichcord; J. Whitehead, Esq.; L. D. Wigan, Esq.; H. A. Wilde, Esq.; Rev. D. Winham; Dr. Woodfall, etc. etc. etc.

Several Ladies also honoured the Society by attending the Meeting, viz. :-

The Countess of Abergavenny; Lady Mildred Hope; Viscountess Nevill; The Honourable Lady Stapleton; Mrs. Betts; Mrs. Mercer; Mrs. Wigan; Mrs. Randall; Miss Wickham; Miss Ackworth, etc. etc. etc.

At one o'clock the Chair was taken by the Marquess CAMDEN, K.G., President of the Society, who spoke as follows:-

Before I call upon the Secretary to read the Report of the Committee appointed to revise the Articles, and to lay before you the best means of carrying on this Association; I would beg permission to congratulate you, not only upon the large assemblage which I see here this day; but also, upon the great success which has attended the formation of the Society, the Members of which already number about five hundred.

It is also a matter of congratulation that there should be so many ladies present today, and that such a large number of them are among the Members of the Society, because I am sure that they will be very instrumental in promoting its welfare; and many of them will assist it by recording with their pencils the features of old buildings and other ancient objects of interest. The formation of Societies similar to this, in many other counties of England, has been attended with great success, their researches contributing in no small degree to a truer knowledge of the history of past ages, and awakening an interest in the preservation of the relics of old times. I can see no reason why the same success should not attend your efforts, especially as Kent is a county which, for its ancient buildings, is not surpassed in the whole kingdom,-a county which can boast of such cathedrals as Rochester and Canterbury,-of such ancient remains as are to be found at Richborough, Dover,-and of such baronial mansions as those of Knole, Cobham, Leeds, and Penshurst.

Before I sit down, I wish to communicate to the Meeting that I have received letters from the Earl of Darnley and Sir Walter Riddell, regretting that severe indisposition prevents their attendance today, and from Earl Stanhope, Mr. Deedes, M.P., Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P., and Mr. Knatchbull Hugessen, M.P., who are detained in London by Parliamentary business.

I will now call upon the Secretary to read to you the Report of the Provisional Committee.

The Rev. LAMBERT B. LARKING, the Honorary Secretary, then read the following Report, and the Rules as recognized by the Committee, as at p. xiii. :-

"By a reference to the Resolutions passed at the original Meeting for the formation of our Society, you will be reminded that a Special Committee was formed, to whom certain duties were assigned. In pursuance of this charge, the Committee immediately after their nomination issued a large number of circulars to those in every part of the county who they supposed might be favourable to the objects contemplated; and they have much pleasure in reporting that their applications have been so successful, that before the close of the year they had enrolled nearly four hundred and fifty Members; and at the present moment, in little more than six months from its formation, the effective strength of the Society exceeds five hundred Members. Of these, no less than thirty-nine have shown their desire to make it a permanent institution, by becoming life subscribers of £5 each; and fourteen individuals of high literary distinction have honoured the Society by permitting their names to be enrolled as Honorary Members-many of them, further, promising contributions to our projected publications.

"In pursuance of the instructions they received, the Committee have held various meetings, at which they have taken into consideration the Rules of the Sussex Archaeological Society, as originally adopted by us, with the view of judging whether any alterations therein were expedient for the management of this Society; and they beg to report that they have suggested some few alterations therein, and additions thereto, which they conceive will be conducive to the success of the Society, and likely to prove more effective in furthering its objects than if the Rules had been left altogether in their original form. These alterations and additions the Committee have consolidated in the Rules which they have appended to this Report, and which they now submit to the Society for adoption.

"In the performance of these duties the Committee have necessarily been obliged to incur some expenses, the account of which will be laid before this Meeting, together with a balance-sheet showing the present state of the Society's finances.

"Although a very large amount of subscriptions are still unpaid, yet, in order to avoid any delay in the prosecution of the Society's undertakings, and in full reliance on the immediate receipt of the arrears of subscriptions now due, arrangements have been made, subject to the sanction of this Meeting, for the issue, soon after the Annual General Meeting in the summer, of the Society's first volume, which, from the papers already supplied, and those which are promised, the Committee feel confident will do honour to Kentish antiquaries, and at once establish the character of the Society as an effective and zealous promoter of the science of Archaeology.

"The Committee have further to report to you that the Committee of the Charles Museum have offered to our Society the use of rooms, with the services of their Curator as assistant-secretary, provided that we are willing to contribute £25 per annum for the same. They have readily accepted the offer, subject, however, to the sanction of this Meeting.

"The Committee have also the gratification of reporting that James Whatman, Esq., M.P., William Oxenden Hammond, Esq., and the Rev. Beale Poste have kindly consented to act as Auditors for the year.

"Messrs. Randall, Mercer, and Co., of Maidstone, and Messrs. Hammond and Co., of Canterbury, having consented to receive our deposits, the Committee recommend that they be appointed Bankers of the Society.

"Although the accounts of the Society will not necessarily be audited and presented till the Annual General Meeting takes place, yet, as it may be satisfactory to subscribers to have some information on the present state of our finances, the Committee beg to lay before the Meeting the following general summary of receipts and expenditure up to the present day, leaving the particular details till the annual audit :-

Receipts .
Expenditure

Leaving a balance in hand of

£329 1 6
59 19 3

£269 2 3

"Of this sum £195 must be funded, being the amount of thirty-nine life compositions.

Balance at Mercer and Co.'s £217 8 1
Balance at Hammond and Co's £51 14 2

£269 2 3

Deduct Life Compositions £195 0 0

Balance available for current expenses £74 2 3

"As far as our present returns show, two hundred and twenty-three Members have not yet paid their subscriptions. These, when paid, which we may expect immediately, will produce £111, to be added to the £74 as above, which will make our available balance for current expenses £185.

"It now only remains for the Committee to congratulate you on the auspicious prospect before you. These congratulations are founded not so much on your numerical strength, large though it be, as on the hopes which may well be entertained of the hearty co-operation of all your learned and distinguished Members, with the young and ardent among you who have yet to win their renown in elucidating the antiquities of our county and in promoting the science in whose cause we are enlisted.

"In conclusion, they present to you their Report, trusting that the results of their mission may be deemed satisfactory, and obtain your approval and confirmation. CAMDEN, President."

Viscount SYDNEY (the Lord Lieutenant), in moving the first Resolution, said:-

Although I am not the right man in the right place to take a leading part in the proceedings of an Archaeological Society, yet, however unworthy I may be, I trust to profit by the learning and experience of the distinguished men I see around me. I may, without fear of contradiction, remark that you have commenced operations this day most auspiciously; and I trust that you will adopt the Report unanimously. It shadows forth a prosperous future. Not only is our list of Subscribers numerically large, but many of them are distinguished by learning and profound Archaeological knowledge. The advantage that the county of Kent will derive from the existence of such a Society as this will be found in the opening of men's minds to the observation and knowledge of what our ancestors have in former days effected, and in the improvement in taste which we may anticipate from the development and investigation of historical remains, abounding as they do to such an unlimited extent in this county.

I think you will agree with me that our gratitude is due to those gentlemen who have taken so much trouble and interest in the formation of the Society, and to whom the county is assuredly much indebted. The Report of their proceedings, and the Rules for the government of the Society, which have just been read to us (and which, of course, can be modified, if necessary, at any future Meeting) appear to me to meet the views and requirements of the Society, and to merit your unanimous adoption,-a result which I fully anticipate in proposing the first Resolution.

"That the Report just read, be adopted, with the Rules for the government of the Society which are appended thereto."

[Carried unanimously.]

Earl AMHERST, in proposing the second Resolution, said:-

I have the honour to propose a Resolution which adds several names to the list of Vice-Presidents. There are also one or two names already published as Vice-Presidents, which it is necessary to submit to this Meeting for re-election, in consequence of an alteration of the Rule which stated that all Members of Parliament who subscribed, wherever they might reside, should be ex officio Vice-Presidents. In the revision of the Rules, it has been thought better to limit this privilege to proprietors and residents in the county. The Resolution, therefore, which I now submit to you, includes the name of the Hon. Thomas Mostyn, M.P., who has no residence in the county, and that of Sir Edward Dering, Bart., who has ceased to be a Member of Parliament since the first list was published, but who it is very desirable, for many reasons, should be among our Vice-Presidents. As so many gentlemen who have a more extensive knowledge of Archaeology than I can boast, have to address the Meeting, I shall conclude by at once proposing the Resolution which has been placed in my hands.

"That the following gentlemen be elected Vice-Presidents of the Society:-

The Very Reverend the Dean of Canterbury.
The Very Reverend the Dean of Rochester.
The Venerable the Archdeacon of Maidstone.
The Venerable the Archdeacon of Rochester.
The Hon. Thomas Mostyn, M.P.
Sir Edward Dering, Bart.
Sir Norton Knatchbull, Bart.
Sir Thomas Maryon Wilson, Bart."

[Carried unanimously.]

Sir BROOK BRIDGES, in moving the third Resolution, said:-

Most of us who are gathered together on this interesting occasion, have been accustomed from our earliest years to congratulate ourselves in belonging to one of the most important counties in England. We have always felt proud of being "Men of Kent," and I am astonished, not that we have met together on this occasion in such numbers, but that a Society of this nature has not been formed long ago. In ancient times Kent occupied a prominent position on many important occasions. In the time of the Saxon Heptarchy, Kent itself was one of the seven kingdoms,-a distinction possessed by no other county. With all the interesting materials scattered throughout the county, too many for me now to enumerate, it certainly is surprising that the formation of such a Society should have been so long delayed,-a circumstance which is probably attributable to the fact, that "what is everybody's business is nobody's business." Nobody attended to that which everybody occasionally displayed great interest in. For the establishing of this Society, we are deeply indebted to my friend Mr. Larking, to whom our thanks are due, not only for his previous exertions in the cause of Archaeology, in which he has displayed great ability and skill, but particularly for the interest which he has taken in this Association. It must be manifest that such a Society as this depends upon those who take an active part in its operations; they will have to devote a large portion of their time to it; they will require considerable judgment and discrimination; and in proposing the appointment of the twenty-four gentlemen named in the Resolution as our Council, I shall only be paying them a fair and proper compliment in saying that I am sure they will discharge their duties to the satisfaction of the Members. You will observe that great care has been taken that there should be a fair distribution of those selected for the Council all over the county.

It is manifestly most desirable to secure the co-operation of gentlemen in different parts of the county who are likely to devote their time and attention to local objects of interest, and who already possess considerable knowledge on these points.

As many gentlemen are dependent upon the rail for their return, I will not detain you longer, but at once propose the Resolution which has been entrusted to me:-

"That the following twenty-four gentlemen be requested to act with the President and Vice-Presidents and Honorary Secretary, as Council of the Society." [Names as at page xi.]

[Carried unanimously.]

ALEXANDER J. B. BERESFORD HOPE, Esq., moved the fourth Resolution, and spoke as follows:-

I am sure that all of us here must have been struck with the truth of what Sir Brook Bridges said, that the only wonder is, that Kent has so long lagged behind, while so many other counties were founding associations of this sort, instead of hurrying forward and being the first in the field to incorporate by its united voice a body of its faithful and devoted sons, sworn together to preserve the records of its glorious past. This growing feeling in favour of the science of Archaeology-growing, I say, although it has already spread far and wide, and struck its roots deep into the ground-is one of the most pleasing signs of these days. The antiquarian is not now, as in the times of our grandfathers, made the subject of the witless jests of every booby who had nothing to do but to crack his jokes against those who were wiser and better than himself. Now in these "days of progress," as they are called,-now that our advancement in science has gone ahead beyond the example of any former times,-there has, as it were, providentially grown up by the side of that bold and daring spirit of development a feeling of admiration for what is good and beautiful of past times-a desire to preserve, to chronicle, and to record all that we can cull from the past. This seems implanted in us side by side with our aspirations after progress, in order that, while our posterity may reap the utmost benefits of the learning and intellect of our day, they may also know the progressive stages by which our present knowledge, our present growth in science, have been attained. To this end we have founded this Society; and when we remember what the county is in which it has been founded, we cannot but foresee a rich crop of golden treasures to reward our husbandman's care. Kent is that county which in our history earliest looms through the mists of long-forgotten ages,-that district of Britain the first known to the civilized world by the invasion of Julius Caesar and his landing on its shores,-that county which, from his day downwards, has ever played a prominent part in the history of England: Kent, which yields us fruits of antiquity as long ago as the Druidical times in that curious monument which exists within a few miles of this spot, Kit's Coty House,-which, coming down to the times of the Romans, supplies us with the ancient structure in Dover Castle and the Roman city, for such it was, of Richborough,-which furnishes us with Norman monuments in the cathedral of Rochester, and of a grander style of architecture in that of Canterbury. In this county also we have ancient manor-houses of the most important period of English domestic architecture, already alluded to by the Noble Chairman. Kent, in those days, contained in itself the Manchester, the Wolverhampton, and the Bradford of modern times, producing the grey cloth which clothed the hardy yeomen of England, and the ironworks which supplied her traders with that most useful metal. All those who have travelled through the towns and villages of the Weald, will have observed traces of this in the old manors and farmhouses which abound in that part of the county of Kent, and indicate the time when the abundance of timber had created a peculiar style of architecture-quaint, graceful, and beautiful-the remnants of which are still objects of interesting study, and the features of which this Society no doubt will record. Upon the number of interesting old churches in Kent I need not dilate. Then, again, there is that branch of antiquity which has reference to traditions, to legal privileges, and to various rights and usages which can be most fitly studied in a district where one of them-the law of gavelkind-has existed from the times of the Saxons until the present day. This county also has a large number of corporate towns, and the records they possess will, no doubt, yield a large store of treasure to those who may undertake to unravel them. With respect to architectural antiquities, I need not dwell upon them, assembled as we are today in one of the most curious of those ancient buildings which abound in this county, and which, having been fortunately preserved through the chances of time, has now become the receptacle of the County Museum, itself being one of the greatest curiosities of that Museum. It cannot be said that our county has been heretofore neglectful of its antique relics. I believe that Lambarde's 'Peregrinations through Kent' is one of the oldest county histories extant, and it is still of great value. At a later date, Hasted's 'Kent,' written at the close of the last century, is the most full of matter, and one of the most valuable works of its class; and we have now one of our Members collecting materials for a still more elaborate and valuable county history. Upon Canterbury Cathedral we have several valuable works. Dart's history of that cathedral is a work of great research, and one of standard authority. In later days we have that ingenious treatise of Professor Willis on its architectural history; and still more recently the picturesque essays of one whom, although he has been but a sojourner among us, we all cherish and respect-Canon Stanley. These are only the records of one building in one town; but there are many other boroughs which have had their local annalists, and have enlisted from time to time the patient research of those who have felt it to be a duty to preserve a record of the fleeting day before it is altogether lost. But something more than these isolated efforts is required. The spirit of copartnership must be called into action-there must be an interchange of ideas-a mutual communication of researches and of theories-in order that what is valuable may be sifted from what is merely visionary and worthless, except in the eyes of its own too ardent and partial discoverer. For a work of that sort a Society of this kind is required, and I am glad that we have at length girded up ourselves to the good work of establishing it. Most fortunately, at the same time that we came forward to do that, the good borough in which we are assembled made a similar effort, by founding the Charles Museum for the antiquities of Kent; and I am happy to see that, by a generous spirit on both sides, an arrangement has been made by which the two institutions will mutually subserve to the interests of each other; so that, while this Museum becomes the head-quarters of this Society, our meeting here will give value and reality to the collection of antiquities found within this building. There is one word which I do not see in this Resolution, but which I am sure was in the minds of those who drew it up. This Resolution calls upon Members to contribute original papers, drawings, etc. Under that "etc." is concealed something which is more valuable than all the original drawings in the world-I mean photography. The invention of this art gives a new life and a new meaning to the study of Archaeology. The very best drawing is infinitely inferior to the realities of any building; and many of the most interesting questions may hang on what no draughtsman's skill can give-some peculiarity in the geology of the material, something in the masonry, some small change in the tone of the material. Now all these things come within the range of photography-that art which tells the truth, whether we wish it to be told or not. Artists "were deceivers ever," whether depicting fair ladies or old buildings, but photography is the honest friend who always comes out with the whole truth. Therefore I hope that while people obey this Resolution by sending original papers, they will contribute the "etc." -namely, photographs-before they contribute drawings. Indeed, any building, of however little value, if it be but a farmhouse of a hundred and fifty years old, or one of those substantial buildings of bright red brick, with stone quoins, and a little pediment over the door, of the time of Queen Anne-ought to be photographed. It may not be of sufficient value to be kept standing, but there are few of these old buildings which have not something about them worthy of preservation; and if the Members of this Society, each in his own district, will procure photographs of any such building or curiosity-and particularly not to allow changes to be made without first obtaining an accurate photograph of buildings as they were before the alterations were commenced, as well as any interesting discoveries made in the process of the change which future progress may conceal, and at its ultimate completion, in order to guard against future change-we shall have such a mass of genuine, truthful, unquestionable archaeological photographs as the world never before possessed. Photography has given a new life to Archaeology, and so I trust that this Society will not fail to make that use of its resources which it would be a shame and disgrace to it not to do. I now beg leave to move the Resolution which has been placed in my hands, viz. :-

"That the Honorary Secretary be requested to solicit Members of the Society, and others distinguished for their learning in Archaeological science, to contribute original papers, drawings, etc., with a view to their preservation among the records of the Society's operations, as well as their publication and subsequent distribution amongst the Members."

[Carried unanimously.]

The Rev. W. M. SMITH MARRIOTT, in moving the next Resolution, said :-

Although I cannot pretend to any knowledge of Archaeology, I have a great respect for all that pertains to "the olden time," and shall have great pleasure in doing all that lies in my humble power to assist a Society which refers so usefully to bygone days. The present are said to be days of progress. It is impossible to deny it. We boast of "the march of intellect"; and though far be it from me to speak lightly of that presumed march, I am not sure that we have not reason to be afraid that too much of our boasted knowledge is superficial: just as in our modern system of travelling we speed so fast that we miss many beauties which gave great pleasure to our ancestors.

We certainly are prone to be over-proud of modern achievements, and to suppose that those who have gone before us knew nothing. Now if this Society-the inauguration of which we are met in such numbers to celebrate this day-should teach us that our forefathers really were not totally ignorant, and not to suppose that "no doubt we are the men, and wisdom will die with us," perhaps it will have the good effect of making us a little more humble and more truly wise.

In architecture, for instance,-a subject which will form one of the studies peculiarly belonging to a Society such as this,-our ancestors, I suspect, knew as much as ourselves, and probably a good deal more. We need not go back to the classic times of Greece and Italy; but if we confine our view to our own country, we shall find many grey old specimens of exquisite beauty, worthy studies for our best architects and painters; and one of the latter I now see near me (T. Webster, Esq., R.A.), whose pencil could do ample justice to the beauties of such a structure. It has been said, that however much the buildings of the past may excel in the picturesque, they cannot be compared with modern structures for comfort and convenience. I admit that. But I contend that our ancestors knew well how to build abodes suitable to the times in which they lived, suitable in magnificence to the stern grandeur of the period, and that our old English barons, with their trains of feudal retainers, had acquired in their festive halls and strong towers the knowledge of combining a splendid hospitality with due security. They have left us, too, ecclesiastical edifices, not in ruins, but still existing in their pristine glory-far excelling all the erections of the present day. If we look merely at the exterior of some of our noble cathedrals; let me mention two: (I except Canterbury, in our own county, which has already been eloquently commented on.) I will mention two which afford examples in different styles, not to be surpassed in the world,-Salisbury and York,-whether we regard the light and beautiful elegance of the one, or the noble grandeur of the other; and if, when we have delighted ourselves sufficiently with the contemplation of the wonderful proportions of the exterior, we pass the portals and behold, entranced, the varied and solemn beauties of the interior,-the clustered columns, the interminable vista of exquisite arches stretching far away until the view is lost in the bewildering play of light and shadow reflected from the beautifully painted windows, with feelings of reverence in our hearts, although we at the same time may admit that the great Deity can be acceptably worshiped by His people where there is no canopy but the heavens; yet we are constrained to use the sublime language of the old Patriarch, and cannot help exclaiming, "Surely this is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of Heaven!" and the feelings of our souls find vent in the warmest prayer,-

"Long may our spiry abbeys, high cathedrals, stand!
The arks of God! the bulwarks of the land!"

Many churches have recently been erected, at which we may well rejoice; and though of course the first object is to obtain the means of public worship for the people, it is still an important though a secondary consideration that they should be constructed in a style worthy of the solemn service for which they are built, and worthy in some degree of the great Being to whom they are dedicated; and in this respect it is gratifying to admit that better principles than once prevailed are now generally acted upon, and the ecclesiastical architecture which most pleases the eye is undoubtedly that which is borrowed from the models of former days. Nothing shows more our obligations to bygone taste and skill than the modern term "restoration" as applied to the work now going on in many of our parish churches. I recollect being a few years ago in a church undergoing this process, and observed a notice emblazoned on the walls in a kind of triumphal wreath, to this effect: "This church was repaired and beautified in 17-;" and the beautification consisted in daubing the walls and pillars with whitewash, blocking up a splendid arch, and completely hiding a magnificent western window. A friend who was with me made this observation: "When these restorations are complete, the proper inscription will be, 'This church was unbeautified anno Domini 1850.'"

With regard to sculpture also, which is so closely united with architecture: though we may be justly proud of the works of some of our own sculptors, yet they invariably succeed best when they most closely adhere to the noble works left by the artists of antiquity. I remember, some years ago, when taking a tour amongst other scenes of interest, I visited the seat of that eminent antiquary, the late Sir Richard Colt Hoare, and whilst walking in his beautiful grounds, suddenly came upon a statue which riveted the attention of my untutored eyes. I found it was the statue of Livia Augusta, brought from Herculaneum; and the impression made upon my mind was, how proud might an artist of the present day be, could he produce such a work as this, chiselled by a hand cold in the grave for more than two thousand years! In all ages of the world, one of the keenest pursuits is that for gold. I know not whether the present is more distinguished in this respect than others, but I am certain it is not less so; and I believe if the Arch of Titus stood in the way of the worshipers of gain, it would be no more respected than old Temple Bar, which I grieve to hear is to come down because it a little impedes the traffic towards the head-quarters of Mammon, the City of London. Steam is the great innovator. I do not mean to depreciate its use; but it is no respecter of antiquity. In our own county it has ruthlessly swept from the earth the remains of the old Priory at Tunbridge, and the Castle would have shared no better fate had it happened to stand in the way. In a county with which I am well acquainted (Dorsetshire), it was with great difficulty that the relics of a splendid Roman amphitheatre were wrested from the "appropriation clause" of a railway company; and memory, in calling back the patience and courage of the venerable martyr awaiting his fate from the wild-beasts of the Circus, and shuddering not at their roar,-memory, I repeat, would be put to the blush on the same spot in hearing the shrieks and groans of a much more powerful monster, the railway engine.

I have not pretended to treat this subject in a scientific manner. I leave that to others much better acquainted with the matter, and especially to my worthy friend, our excellent Secretary, who has spared neither time nor exertion, nor the ability which he eminently possesses, in forming this Society, and in bringing it so successfully to the inauguration of this day; and with reference to the Resolution which I have the honour of proposing, from his Archaeological knowledge is well calculated himself to compose a work which would reflect equal honour on the name he bears, on the science of which he is so keen an admirer, and on the county to which he belongs.

I cannot sit down without congratulating you, my Lord Marquess, and all here assembled, on the formation of a Society which will effect much if it only teaches us to acknowledge the obligations which we owe to Antiquity; and if it should convince some precocious youth of New England who assumes the toga virilis before he comes to years of discretion, that his grandmother really was not ignorant of that problem which he takes upon himself to teach her, before he was born.

I thank this great Meeting for the courtesy with which they have listened to my crude remarks, and beg to submit the Resolution I have proposed for their adoption :-

"That, in compliance with the foregoing Resolution, and in conformity with the wishes expressed by the Committee in their Report, every effort be made for the publication of the first Volume of the Society's Transactions before the 1st of next September; and that each Member be entitled to one copy thereof, provided his subscription be not in arrear."

[Carried unanimously.]

The sixth Resolution was proposed by G. WARDE NORMAN, Esq., who said :-

A Resolution has been placed in my hands which I have great pleasure in submitting to the Meeting. Its object is to suggest the propriety of establishing a special fund for the purpose of defraying any extra expense which might be beneficially employed in the woodcuts and engravings required in the illustration of the Society and publications. Any contributions towards this fund would of course be voluntary.

In order that a Society such as ours should create a widely extended interest, and enrol in its ranks a numerous body of subscribers, embracing, as we hope ours may, persons of various conditions as to station and fortune, it is essential that the ordinary subscription shall be moderate in amount. The sum proposed in our Rules is fixed in conformity to this consideration, and might suffice for the necessary expenses of the Society, including the publication of a yearly Volume of very modest pretensions; but it would undoubtedly be insufficient for the production of a volume in point of typography and illustrations such as the Kentish Archaeological Society would wish to present to its Members and to the Public.

It seems to me, then, that we adopt a wise course in appealing to the liberality of those who may feel disposed to add to the ordinary income of the Society by contributions in addition to their subscription, with a view to increase the usefulness and attractiveness of its publications; and I feel convinced that I shall carry with me the general opinion of the Meeting, when I submit to it the formal Resolution which I hold in my hand.

Before I sit down I will venture to say a few words with respect to the general objects of our Society.

Some persons seem to consider Archaeology as a mere matter of amusement, indeed, of trivial amusement, and that it possesses no actual value in its influence on the mind, and has no tendency to make those who study it wiser and better. Such, however, was not the opinion of a man who was himself not only wise and great, but also good. I allude to Dr. Johnson, who thus expresses himself in his 'Tour to the Hebrides,' after describing the island of Iona: "To abstract the mind from all local emotion would be impossible, if it were endeavoured; and would be foolish, if it were possible. Whatever withdraws us from the power of our senses; whatever makes the past, the distant, or the future, predominate over the present, advances us in the dignity of thinking beings. Far from me, be such frigid philosophy as may conduct us indifferent and unmoved over any ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery, or virtue! That man is little to be envied whose patriotism would not gain force upon the plain of Marathon, or whose piety would not grow warmer among the ruins of Iona."

I can add nothing to this eloquent passage, and will conclude by saying that I have obtained much pleasure, and some advantage, by the slight attention I have been able to bestow on the monuments of the past; and that I look forward with pleasure to the increased knowledge which I hope to obtain under the auspices of the Kent Archaeological Society.

The Resolution which I have to propose is this-

"That in order to enhance the value and interest of the Society's publications, a fund be established, to be supported by voluntary donations and subscriptions, for the special purpose of supplying woodcuts, engravings, etc., for the illustration of papers that may appear therein; and that all the Members, whether contributors to this fund or not, shall have an equal right to these embellishments."

[Carried unanimously.]

The Venerable B. HARRISON, the Archdeacon of Maidstone, in moving the seventh Resolution, said-

I feel it a privilege to move that the first General Meeting of this Society be held at Canterbury; and I am sure that the Dean and my brethren of the Chapter will give you a hearty welcome to our ancient Cathedral. My friend Mr. Larking will confirm my statement, when I say there are several new antiquities (if I may venture so to designate them) lately brought to light in the Cathedral, and which have never been noticed in any history. Connected as I am, by the office I hold, with the parish churches of a large part of this county, a department of its antiquities to which scarcely any reference has yet been made, I cannot but express the great gratification I feel, that a Society has been formed which will help to preserve the literary, antiquarian, and artistic memory of those sacred and interesting edifices.

It is my duty to see to the maintenance and preservation of the material fabric, and I cannot but regard our churches as the best and most important legacy we can leave to those who come after us, even as they have been handed down to us by our forefathers.

The Resolution which I have the honour to move is-

"That the First Annual General Meeting of this Society be held at Canterbury, on or about the 29th day of July next."

[Carried unanimously.]

Professor STANLEY (who had arrived but a few minutes previously, and on being introduced to the Meeting by the Noble Chairman was received with loud cheers) moved the eighth Resolution, and said-

Though I am just upon the point of leaving Kent, and therefore cannot be expected to feel such an interest in this Society as I otherwise might have done, yet I sincerely wish that its efforts may be attended with every success, and that it will be a benefit to the county at large.

Let me speak of it-first, in connection with Archaeology, and secondly, in connection with Kent.

Nothing impresses the mind with the reality of past events so much as visiting the localities with which any historical incidents are connected, and on visiting the spot in Canterbury Cathedral where Becket was murdered, that terrible tragedy is presented in all its vividness to the imagination of the beholder. Many things in history which now are perplexed and doubtful would have been rendered clear, had the places in which the circumstances occurred been preserved; such as the complicated and difficult story of the Gowrie conspiracy. I have always felt, that had Gowrie House been preserved, we might have unravelled doubts which now can never be made out to the end of time. The importance of societies like this is especially manifest at the present time, when such extensive changes are taking place in all parts. As Sir Francis Palgrave observed to me only a few days since, this spirit of change is rapidly obliterating many places and objects of interest, and it is a duty to the cause of history to preserve the ancient records of the country, and the scenes of its great events, from entire destruction, by embodying them in a history of the county, even if we cannot prevent their material decay. Now in connection with Kent, as one who has only for a few years resided in the county, I must say that I have felt peculiar interest in that branch of history and antiquity which is connected with the Cathedral and the See of Canterbury. I am thankful that the subject of the changes which time has brought about in the building has been taken up by such men as Professor Willis and Mr. Ashpitel, who have lately thrown great light upon the transformations through which Canterbury Cathedral has passed. If any of the Members of this Society should take this matter up, there is a fine subject open for investigation in tracing out the changes in the position of Becket's shrine, as these will illustrate many things hitherto unintelligible in the history of the middle ages. Among other localities that have interested me, there is one near Maidstone to which I have devoted some attention, and where a church has lately been erected for the benefit of a population of six thousand persons. I allude to the village of Barming. There was at Barming, in the days of the Saxons, one of those wooden churches of which, I believe, not a single specimen is now remaining in England, though some still exist in Norway and Denmark. If any one could discover any information respecting these wooden churches, it would be an interesting contribution to the early ecclesiastical history of England.

It is only necessary for me to add, that I sincerely wish prosperity to this Society, and that I beg leave to move the Resolution which has been entrusted to me, viz. :-

"That the thanks of the Society be given to the Committees of the Maidstone Museum, and to the Mayor and Corporation of the Borough, for their kind permission to hold this Meeting within the precincts of their Museum."

[Carried unanimously.]

Lord AMHERST, in proposing the next Resolution, said :-

I have been requested to move a vote of thanks to our most noble President. I think it would be out of place in me to say anything in support of this Resolution, because we have known him from our boyhood as a distinguished nobleman, ready at all times to promote the objects which have in view the benefit and advantage of this county; and I am sure it is a matter of great congratulation that he has undertaken to be the first President of this Society. I am sure we all feel most deeply obliged to him for his services today; and we hope that he may be enabled, by the blessing of Providence, to remain with us in health and strength for many years, to witness the success of the Society in which he has taken so prominent a part.

I beg to move:-

"That the thanks of the Society be given to the Marquess Camden for his kindness in presiding on the present occasion."

[Carried unanimously.]

The Marquess CAMDEN, in acknowledging the compliment, said :-

Before I put the next Resolution, I wish to return my best thanks for the kindness with which you have received my humble efforts to assist the formation of this Society. I consider it an honour to have been placed in the chair, and I beg to tender you my warmest acknowledgments for the flattering vote which you have just passed. I will now put the concluding Resolution, which I am sure you will all agree with me in approving, viz. :-

"That the thanks of this Society be presented to the Noblemen and Gentlemen who took the initiative in forming the Society, and who have composed the Provisional Committee."

[Carried unanimously.]

Viscount SYDNEY, in moving a vote of thanks to the Honorary Secretary, the Rev. Lambert B. Larking, for his exertions in the formation of the Society, expressed his gratification at being able to propose the Resolution.

The Rev. LAMBERT B. LARKING returned thanks, and the proceedings terminated.

During the Inaugural Meeting a vote of thanks was presented to Mr. James Whatman, M.P., for his liberality in placing at the disposal of the Society a room at the Maidstone Museum, as their temporary head-quarters. His exertions in securing this first object, essential to their establishment, were warmly acknowledged by the numerous Members assembled.

The first Annual General Meeting of the Society was held at Canterbury, 30th July, 1858. It was attended by:

The Marquess Camden, K.G., President; The Ladies Frances and Caroline Pratt; The Countess of Abergavenny; The Hon. Ralph Nevill; The Lady Caroline Nevill; The Hon. Thomas Lloyd Mostyn, M.P.; The Lady Augusta Mostyn; The Earl Stanhope; The Earl and Countess of Darnley; The Earl Amherst; A. J. B. Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P., The Lady Mildred Hope, and party; The Hon. James Byng; The Hon. Mrs. Byng; The Hon. and Rev. Sir Francis J. Stapleton, Bart.; The Hon. Lady Stapleton; The Misses Stapleton; The Hon. Florence Boscawen; Lady Mansel; The Misses Mansel; Sir Brook Bridges, Bart., M.P.; Sir Norton Knatchbull, Bart.; Sir Walter Stirling, Bart.; Sir Walter James, Bart.; Sir Charles Locock, Bart.; James Whatman, Esq., M.P.; J. Warre, Esq., M.P., and family; The Very Rev. the Dean of Canterbury, and family; The Ven. Archdeacon Harrison, and family; The Rev. Canon Stone; The Rev. Canon Chesshyre; The Rev. Professor Stanley; The Mayor of Canterbury; J.Wingfield Stratford, Esq.; J.'Espinasse, Esq.; J. Savage, Esq., and family; Admiral Marsham, and family; Edward Rice, Esq.; Arthur Pott, Esq.; Joseph Ridgway, Esq., and family; Rev. W. Smith Marriott, and family; Alderman Salomons; G. W. Norman, Esq., and family; Matthew Bell, Esq.; J. Nasmyth, Esq., and family; C. Powell, Esq., and family; W. Cook, Esq., and family; F. Swann, Esq., and family; The Mayor of Rochester; George Dering, Esq., and family; J. Crosby, Esq.; Rev. J. C. Robertson, and family; The Rev. G. B. Moore, and family; The Revs. M. Onslow, J.M. Rice, J. Riddell, Jacob Marsham, Dr. Welldon, G. Rashleigh, Tatton Brockman, and more than three hundred others, members and friends.

The MARQUESS CAMDEN, K.G., President of the Society, took the Chair at the Guildhall, at eleven o'clock.

On the Table were exhibited:-1. A large collection of Saxon Relics, Fibulae, Horse-trappings, etc., of extreme beauty and rarity (for an account of which we refer our readers to Mr. Roach Smith's Paper, and its accompanying illustrations, in the present Volume). They are the property of W. Gibbs, Esq., of Faversham, by whose assiduous exertions these most valuable relics were discovered and preserved. 2. A Saxon Spear, Umbo, Tweezers, and Drinking-glass, discovered in widening the road at the foot of Wye Downs, and exhibited by permission of J. Sawbridge Drax, Esq.,-whose property they are as Lord of the Manor of Wye. As well as-3. A Saxon Spear-head, found by the side of a perfect skeleton, in an excavation made by C. Roach Smith, Esq., and the Honorary Secretary on Wye Downs, in May last. 4. A very beautiful and rare specimen of a Saxon Drinking-glass, excavated at Westwell, on the property of Miss Chapman, who had kindly sanctioned the purchase of this relic for the Society through the instrumentality of Thomas Thurston, Esq., our active and zealous Local Secretary at Ashford. 5. A splendid Gold Necklace, and other Roman relics discovered in a tomb at Southfleet, in 1801, were exhibited by Rev. G. Rashleigh, Rector of Horton Kirby. 6. A most curious Gold Medieval Armillary Ring, by E. Reader, Esq., of Sandwich; it consisted of eight rings, one within the other, each having a portion of the following sentence engraved upon it.

1. Riches be un- 5. Love will

2. stable and beauty 6. ever last till

3. will decay 7. Death drive

4. but faithful 8. It away.

7. W. Gibbs, Esq., and Mr. Kadwell, each contributed various Rubbings of Brasses from Kent Churches. 8. A Charter of the Earl of Huntingdon, husband of Juliana de Leybourne, temp. Ed. III., was exhibited by J. J. Howard, Esq. 9. T. Willement, Esq., exhibited some beautiful drawings of mural paintings recently discovered in Faversham Church. 10. The Honorary Secretary exhibited a collection of Anglo-Saxon and Norman and other Charters, Monastic Accounts, etc., of the ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries, including an Autograph Letter of William of Wykeham, with some beautiful specimens of early Seals, chiefly from the collection at Surrenden.

The Noble CHAIRMAN opened the business of the day by warmly congratulating the Members on the flourishing condition of the Society:

Although the Society (said his Lordship) has been in existence little more than ten months, the members already number six hundred. While, on the one hand, so strong an interest is thus exhibited in the study of Archaeology, on the other, the Society is most fortunate in possessing a singularly favourable field for their investigations. At the Inaugural Meeting at Maidstone, it was observed by Professor Stanley, that Kent was the corner-stone of England. The county is peculiarly rich in memorials of the past. In its ancient cities, many valuable remains of former times exist, and furnish matter of study for the historian and the archaeologist, while in its fertile fields, continual discoveries are made of relics of its former inhabitants; there are many of them of very ancient date and surpassingly interesting. It is the great advantage and merit of societies like this, that they preserve, for public instruction, these valuable objects which would otherwise be lost or destroyed. Upon this subject I am much tempted to speak further, but as a very short time only can be afforded for this morning's meeting, I will not detain you by many more observations. I only regret that you have not one more worthy than myself to preside over you on this occasion; but my duties are greatly lightened by the circumstance that the Cathedral, with the many objects of high interest it contains, will be shown to the Meeting by one who, to our great regret, has been lately lost to this city and county, but who is gone to perhaps a wider sphere for his abilities,-I mean Professor Stanley. Mr. Beresford Hope will accompany you to the Monastery of St. Augustine's; you will see the ancient Church of St. Martin, under the guidance of the Reverend the Rector, Canon Chesshyre, and Richard Hussey, Esq.; and the Castle, the Walls, and the Gates of the City, under that of Frank Masters, Esq.

The Noble PRESIDENT having read letters of regret for unavoidable absence, from Viscount and Viscountess Falmouth; Lord Talbot de Malahide; W. Deedes, Esq., M.P.; C. Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P.; The Hon. H. Butler Johnstone, M.P.; and the Provost of Oriel, Canon Hawkins,-called upon the Honorary Secretary to read-

THE REPORT

"Three months only having elapsed since the last General Meeting (at Maidstone, April 14), there must necessarily be very little to report of the Society's proceedings; yet the Report, such as it is, is indicative of successful progress.

"A Meeting of the Council was held on the 10th of June, at the residence of the Marquess Camden, in Carlton-house Gardens. It was very fully attended, and transacted much important business.

"At this Meeting, the appointments of the Honorary Members, Local Secretaries, and Trustees were confirmed. Directions were given for the investment of the Life Compositions, amounting to £205, in the New Three-per-Cent. Stock-which has since been done. A Committee of Management, consisting of The Dean of Canterbury; The Mayor of Canterbury; The Archdeacon of Maidstone; The Rev. Canon Chesshyre; E. Foss, Esq.; The Rev. J. C. Robertson; The Rev. J. Wrench; M. Bell, Esq., (Mr. Foss being Chairman,) was appointed to direct the proceedings of the Annual Meeting, which was fixed for the 30th of July.

"It was resolved that a volume of Transactions be forthwith printed in royal 8vo, by Mr. J.E. Taylor, Little Queen Street, London.

"The South Kensington Architectural Museum and the Kilkenny Archaeological Society were taken into union.

"Twenty-nine candidates were elected, by which the number of Members admitted since our establishment in September, 1857, amounts to 561. We have at present the names of 41 candidates for admission on our books. Should they be elected, the number will then have reached 600-all elected in less than a single year. Some deduction, however, must be made from this amount by deaths, etc. We have to lament the loss, since September, 1857, of John Brenchley, Esq.; W. C. Kingsford, Esq.; The Rev. F. Barrow; The Rev. G. Boissier; T. Starr, Esq.; and T. Carnell, Esq.

"With regard to our funds, we have £212. 2s. 10d. New Three-per-Cent. Annuities purchased with the above-mentioned £205. The accounts will be audited, and a balance-sheet printed in our first Volume. The Auditors not having yet been appointed, it has been found impossible to present these accounts in detail at this Meeting: it will be sufficient to state that our Bankers' books show a balance of £140.

"The printer is fast progressing with our first Volume. We have also to report that contributions to the amount of £60 have been made to the fund for providing illustrations for the Volume, and we hope that this sum may be largely increased at the present Meeting, that we may be enabled to produce a book which shall do honour to the county.

"It is a great gratification to report that presents of books have been made by various members, which will be gratefully acknowledged by the Council when they next meet, and will form a nucleus for the intended library of our Institution.

"Thus, with an available balance in hand, and the second year's subscriptions being very shortly due, our finances may be considered in a prosperous state: and in every point of view the Society may congratulate itself on its present position and prospects.

"Encouraging as this state of things is, it must not be forgotten that every energy will be requisite in all our Members to bring the Society into that state of permanent prosperity and usefulness which we hope it will in succeeding years attain."

The Hon. J.M. Byng was then elected one of the Vice-Presidents of the Society. J. Savage, Esq., and J. N. Dudlow, Esq., were appointed Auditors. The existing Council was re-elected; John Bruce, Esq., V.P.S.A., being substituted for Albert Way, Esq., who, owing to his being a non-resident in the county, had expressed a wish to retire; and forty-one new Members were elected.

The noble President next submitted a list of twenty-one Papers which had been already received or promised, by-The Rev. Professor Stanley; E. Foss, Esq., F.S.A.; R. Hussey, Esq., F.S.A.; R. Blencowe, Esq.; T. Willement, Esq., F.S.A.; The Rev. Beale Poste; C. Roach Smith, Esq.; Major Luard; C. Wykeham Martin, Esq.; and the Honorary Secretary.

But as most of the company (observed the President) are, doubtless, impatient to go over the Cathedral, under the able guidance of Professor Stanley, I shall only desire one to be read, viz. that which has been kindly sent to us by C. Roach Smith, Esq., on the beautiful relics which we see before us.

Major MUNN accordingly read the Paper, which it will be unnecessary to repeat here, as it is printed in full, with its illustrations, in the present Volume.

After the reading of this highly interesting Paper,-

Thanks were voted to the Mayor and Corporation of Canterbury, for the accommodation they had given to the Society in the use of the Council Chamber and Guildhall;

To the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, for their cordial welcome to the Society;

To the Directors and Managers of the South-Eastern Railway Company, for the liberal accommodation they had afforded to the Society by granting special trains at a reduced expense;

To the Exhibitors of the splendid and curious relics produced this day, viz.-Rev. G. Rashleigh; W. Gibbs, Esq.; T. Thurston, Esq.; T. Willement, Esq.; C. Kadwell, Esq.; J. J. Howard, Esq.; E. Reader, Esq.; and the Honorary Secretary.

Thanks were then voted to the Marquess Camden, for his kindness in taking the Chair on this occasion, on the proposal of A. P. Andrews, Esq., seconded by Sir Brook Bridges, Bart.

After a few words of acknowledgment from The Very Rev. the Dean and the Noble Marquess, the company proceeded to the Cathedral, through which the Rev. Professor Stanley, author of the 'Historical Memorials of Canterbury,' was announced to conduct them.

The Rev. Professor, accompanied by the Very Rev. the Dean, first took his stand in the chapter-house. After a brief description of that beautiful building itself, and calling attention to the work of restoration now going on, he conducted the company first to a position in the cloisters, where they could realize the rush of the monks into the cathedral when the knights were in pursuit of Becket, and thence went into the 'Martyrdom.' itself. Mr. Stanley traced the course taken by the Archbishop from the palace, when he was obliged, by the urgent entreaties of the monks, to take refuge in the cathedral. Half-carried, half-drawn, the Archbishop was borne along the northern and eastern cloisters, crying out, "Let me go-do not drag me," until at last the door of the lower north transept of the cathedral was reached, when the monks from within, who had been disturbed at their vespers, cried, "Come in, come in, and let us die together." The Archbishop refused, saying, "Go and finish the service; so long as you remain in the entrance I shall not come in." The monks immediately fell back a few paces-Becket entered the cathedral, the door was closed and barred, and he was in the act of resisting the solicitations of those about him to move into the choir for safety, when a loud knocking was made by the frightened monks without. He immediately darted back, calling aloud as he went, "Away, you cowards: by virtue of your obedience I command you not to shut the door-the church must not be turned into a castle." With his own hands he eventually unfastened the door, and drew the excluded monks into the building, exclaiming, "Come in, come in-faster, faster!" The Professor having passed into the cathedral by the same door through which Becket entered, the company collected in the 'Martyrdom,' when he observed that this spot, which ever since the year 1170 had been called the 'Martyrdom,' had a very different appearance then from that which it now presented. At that time the architecture was entirely Norman, and great changes had since taken place in the arrangement. The Deans' Chapel, then called the Chapel of St. Benedict, was rather smaller than at present, and there was another chapel above it, called the Chapel of St. Blaise. St. Michael's Chapel, in the south transept, still presented a similar arrangement. Between the walls there stood a pillar supporting a gallery, which probably communicated with the Chapel of St. Blaise. There were two flights of steps, one in the same place where the present flight existed, and one in the corner opposite the door. When Becket entered he was met by the monks coming down the latter flight of steps from the altar, where service had been going on. Immediately afterwards they perceived the knights following him, and they all fled except four, who renewed their entreaties that he would escape; and they persuaded him to go up the stairs for the purpose of secreting himself in the roof; but the object of the Archbishop was to seat himself in the patriarchal chair, in which he and all his predecessors from time immemorial had been enthroned. He had reached the fourth step when the knights entered. At this time of the year (the 29th of December) the days were short, and in the twilight (the pillar above described being in the way) the knights did not at first see him. Reginald Fitzurse shouted out, "Where is the traitor?" When Becket did not reply, he asked, "Where is the Archbishop?" and Becket replied, "Here am I; no traitor, but the Archbishop and priest of God-what do you wish?" He had but one monk with him, for the others had made their escape; The knights at first attempted to carry him out, in order to avoid committing sacrilege, which they evidently considered a greater crime than murder. The Archbishop clung to the pillar, and successfully resisted their efforts. In the struggle he used some violent language to Fitzurse, who drew his sword and struck him. The others also fell upon him, and the last blow, which was upon the head, and laid bare the scalp, was given by Richard le Bret, with such force that the sword snapped in two on the marble pavement. The Archbishop fell on the spot occupied by the stone near the wall, which is pointed out to visitors, and from which a square piece has been cut, according to tradition, for transmission to Rome. Certain it is that the Pope sent legates to procure relics of the murder, in order to the Archbishop's canonization, and they were to bring away the handkerchief stained with blood, which is yet preserved at Rome, with the stone on which the brains were scattered. The Professor had seen the handkerchief at the church of Sta. Maria Maggiore, at Rome; and whether the stone now on the spot was there at the time of the murder or not, at all events its position exactly accorded with that of a tall man falling from the pillar, as had been described. A small wooden altar was erected some years afterwards against the adjoining wall, and this probably caused the rumour of St. Thomas having fallen by the high altar, the only "altar" which was thought of at that time. The morning after the murder, the knights having sent word to say that if the body were not taken away they would drag it through the town, the monks buried it in the crypt, where it remained for fifty years. The Rev. Gentleman then slightly alluded to other topics of interest in the 'Martyrdom,' to the tomb of Archbishop Peckham (temp. Henry III. and Edward I.), and that of Wareham, Cranmer's predecessor, who died at St. Stephen's, and to the Deans' Chapel, where the Deans are buried.

Professor Stanley next proceeded to the crypt, and having taken his stand in the circular portion, resumed his narrative. He regretted that Professor Willis was not present to describe the alterations which had been made in this part of the cathedral. Time did not allow him (Professor Stanley) to enter into architectural details, and he must, therefore, content himself with referring his hearers to Professor Willis's book. The first part of the crypt was, however, in much the same state now as on the night of the murder. There always did exist a crypt in the cathedral, and it was remarkable as being the earliest crypt in England. The Saxon cathedral built here by St. Augustine was modelled from the old church of St. Peter at Rome, and the crypt was thus a direct imitation of the catacombs at Rome, in which the early Christians took refuge from their persecutors. The body of St. Thomas Becket was buried behind the Chapel of the Virgin, very much in the spot where he (the speaker) was standing. A shrine was built in the first instance with apertures through which the coffin containing the body might be seen, and hither for fifty years the pilgrims flocked. Here also was the scene of the penance of Henry II., who on this spot received three hundred lashes or more from the monks. The circular portion of the crypt was built to support Trinity Chapel, in which the shrine of the Archbishop was placed, as nearly as possible over the spot where his body was buried.

The company next assembled on the steps leading to the choir, where the Professor pointed out the various monuments in the aisles. The south transept now presented the same arrangement of steps as in the north transept on the night of the murder, and St. Michael's Chapel the same arrangement of a smaller chapel above as then existed in the Chapel of St. Benedict.

Proceeding into the choir, the Professor called attention to the monuments severally, entering into highly interesting historical details. He then passed into Trinity Chapel, and indicated the spot where the shrine of St. Thomas was placed-immediately in the centre of the platform. Some idea of its appearance might be obtained by looking at the shrine of Edward the Confessor in Westminster Abbey, which was the only shrine now existing in England. Here the pilgrims came and ranged themselves before the shrine, and on some of the flagstones might be seen marks of the places where they must have knelt. The only contemporary representation of the shrine in existence was in one of the adjoining windows. The Archbishop was there represented as looking out upon one of the patients who came to be cured. All the designs in these windows represented supposed miraculous cures. The first historical personage buried here after St. Thomas Becket was Edward the Black Prince, whose Will existed, and from that Will every particular of the tomb itself might be verified. The Professor described the various memorials of the Black Prince, and the remaining tombs in the chapel, including that of Henry IV., who was the only king that had been brought to Canterbury for sepulture.

The company then proceeded outside the cathedral, to what was formerly the great quadrangle or court of the monastery, where Mr. Stanley concluded his interesting address. In closing his remarks the Professor said he did not know why the Dean or Archdeacon Harrison should not rather than himself have undertaken the duty which had that day devolved upon him, but the request having been made to him, he could not resist the pleasure of renewing, though for so short a time, his associations with scenes which he had always regarded with so deep an interest. He would now "break his wand," and resign it to the Dean for all future occasions.

The Marquess CAMDEN felt sure he should anticipate the wish of every one present in proposing their heartiest thanks to Professor Stanley for the very eloquent address he had so kindly delivered. He had said that he would break his wand, but he (the Marquess) was sure the Dean would be happy to receive it unbroken. In conveying their thanks to Professor Stanley, they could not avoid expressing their regret that he was no longer an inhabitant of the county of Kent.

The Very Rev. the Dean, in the name of the company, tendered his hearty thanks to Mr. Stanley, and expressed a hope that he would, on many more occasions of the sort, be pleased to conduct them to see the beauties of the glorious cathedral.

From the Cathedral, the company passed to St. Augustine's, where Mr. Beresford Hope gratified them with a luminous and detailed account of the early history of the Monastery, its subsequent desecration, and the recent restorations so munificently completed by himself.

Having taken up his position on the terrace, on the north side of the quadrangle, in front of the students' dormitory, Mr. Beresford Hope first treated of the history of the abbey, and then proceeded to describe the process of restoration, and the present condition of the building. St. Augustine, who arrived here in 596, and whose first convert was Ethelbert, King of Kent, founded here, without the city, the Abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul for the sepulture of the abbots and kings, intra-mural interment being then, as it had under a recent enactment become, illegal. In the course of time the abbey gradually assumed the name of its founder, and as it increased in opulence, it stood for some time in opposition to the cathedral, both in the grandeur of its ornaments and the number of monks who inhabited it. It was the eighth Archbishop of Canterbury who first gave up being buried here and chose the cathedral. Mr. Beresford Hope pointed out the site of the great abbey church, which had all the attributes of a cathedral, of Ethelbert's Tower, of the great refectory, etc. etc. A few years ago certain foundations of the refectory were in existence, by which means the crypt was accurately restored. An accurate gauge was then obtained of the apartment above, and thus the whole building was raised on the plan of the old one, and now formed the library of the college, the windows in the new library being copied from those of Mayfield Palace, in Sussex, a building about contemporary with the gateway.

Mr. Beresford Hope then led the way round the various buildings, describing each in its turn. In the course of his remarks he referred in highly complimentary terms to the ability of Mr. Butterfield, under whose direction the restorations were made. One side of the quadrangle, appropriated to the students' dormitory, was original, and was a worthy monument of Mr. Butterfield's genius. The pavement was remarkable as containing encaustic tiles which were an exact copy of some found in the crypt. Though this portion of the building stood on fresh ground, there was doubtless in former times a range of buildings parallel to it, though at a greater distance. The principal mass of the western side, including the great gateway, the hall, and kitchen beneath, and the chapel, were either untouched, or restored so closely as to render them objects of archaeological interest. Further to the south, on the west side, came the warder's lodge and the fellows' buildings, which were perfectly new constructions, but built in strict architectural harmony with the older portions. In its present aspect the whole building resembled one of the colleges of the Universities and these were a class of buildings which in their general distribution had a family likeness to the ancient monasteries: in the one, as in the other, the church or chapel, the refectory, the library, and the various lodgings, composed the different buildings, which were usually grouped round one or more quadrangles. Besides, in the imperfect state of commerce then existing the monasteries were compelled to have great storehouses, brewhouses, etc., not from habits of excess, but because modern facilities of purchase did not then exist. Of the chapel (standing over a crypt which itself was on the ground-level), which was originally the "guest chapel," some portion was original, including the western triplet in the Early-English style. In devoting it to its actual destination it was made about half as long again as it originally had been, and in building the rest the middle style of Gothic, which was well known to be the most perfect style, had been adopted. All this was Mr. Butterfield's work. The stained glass was executed by Mr. Willement, a member of the Society,-who might be claimed as a "man of Kent." The stalls, in two ranges on each side, recalled the arrangements of college chapels and cathedral choirs. The pavement under the altar was a literal copy of that under the high altar of Fountains Abbey, in Yorkshire, which, although the abbey itself was in a very ruinous condition, still existed. Passing to the college hall adjoining, which stood at the top of the same stone staircase as the chapel, Mr. Beresford Hope remarked that this was originally the refectory for the guests. The roof was original, and in other respects the appearance of the hall was so little changed, that in this they had an actual specimen of the dining-hall of an abbey or the house of a great lord, which were much alike at that day. It had been converted into a tavern, and miserably disfigured, but indications remained by which the windows were accurately restored. Proceeding to the ruins of an external wall, which was formerly the internal wall of the north aisle of the nave of the abbey church, Mr. Beresford Hope said that this was a palace in the time of Charles I., and here it was that he first met his queen, Henrietta-Maria. She was married abroad by proxy, as was the custom then and now with crowned heads; she made her progress and met the King here, and this was the first palace that ill-fated sovereign of ours ever occupied in England. The style of this fragment was early Norman, and no doubt closely resembled the original nave of the cathedral as built by Lanfranc. Passing the ruins of Ethelbert's Tower, which formed one of the side towers of the nave of the abbey church, and proceeding through the library, where, as he remarked, there was still room on the shelves for the contributions of friends, Mr. Beresford Hope entered the crypt of the old refectory, now used by the students for their workshops-a knowledge of carpenters' work being very useful for a missionary. The crypt had been exactly restored, with the exception that the groins had been filled in with red brick, in order to give a little warmth of colour. Before separating, the company proceeded to inspect the students' dormitories, which were remarkable for their neatness and convenience, and finished by perambulating the ancient boundaries of the monastery.

Mr. Beresford Hope, in the course of his interesting explanations of the wonderful restoration of the monastery, exhibited an encaustic tile, forming a sun-dial, found near St. Ethelbert's Tower. It was encased in an oak frame carved from a beam of the ancient 'Chequers' Inn, and was presented to the college by Mr. Pout.

A large number of the company went to contemplate the cradle of Christianity in these islands, St. Martin's parish church. Mr. Chesshyre pointed out the numerous Roman bricks to be seen in many parts of the church, and especially in the walls of the chancel, which are almost entirely built with them-the tomb of Queen Bertha in the recess on one side of the chancel, the baptismal font of King Ethelbert, etc. The church is now in excellent condition, thanks alike to the liberality and the good taste of a member of the Society, the Hon. Daniel Finch: its lich-gate, its plain nave and chancel, with the pointed roof and low square tower, overgrown with ivy, and its commanding position above the city, all obtained special notice from the party.

A third party, under the guidance of F. Masters, Esq., inspected the ruins of the Castle, of which only the keep remains. The immense strength of the edifice, the part of the old moat still remaining on the southern side, the loopholes on the ground and first floors (like those of Rochester Castle), the windows on the second and third floors (also like those at Rochester), were all lucidly pointed out by the guide. From the Castle, the party went to inspect the remains of the old walls and city gates, which run from Dane John to Northgate almost without break. The portions of the walls which show patches of Roman brickwork were carefully marked. Westgate, of course, occupied a considerable share of attention. Built by Archbishop Sudbury in the reign of Richard II., and the only one of the six city gates which still remains, its noble appearance between two lofty round towers erected in the river, its battlements, machicolations, and portcullis, were much admired by the strangers.

During the afternoon, numerous parties, by the kind courtesy of Mr. Pout and Mr. Wood, visited the 'Chequers' inn in the High Street, mentioned in Chaucer as the resting-place of the pilgrims who came to visit the shrine of St. Thomas a Becket. The gentlemen, in whose occupation is this curious relic of a past age, were most obliging in leaving their business to conduct their visitors over the sleeping-room of the pilgrims. The 'Chequers' was built in the form of a quadrangle, with an open courtyard; the suites of rooms projected in front over each other, and were supported by pillars forming a colonnade. The vaulted ceiling under Mr. Wood's shop was found to be perfect, and in the same condition as in Chaucer's time.

Divine Service was performed in the Cathedral at three o'clock, every seat being occupied from the stalls to the altar. The music selected was from Kentish composers.

At half-past four the Dinner took place, in the Music Hall, St. Margaret's; three hundred and ten were accommodated at the tables; above one hundred more were disappointed of seats, owing to their not having given timely notice of their intentions to dine.

The Marquess Camden was in the Chair, supported on his right by the Countess of Abergavenny; The Mayor of Canterbury; Lady Caroline Nevill; The Earl of Darnley; Honourable Ralph Nevill; A. B. Beresford Hope, Esq., and Lady Mildred Hope, etc. etc.; and on his left, by the Countess of Darnley; The Dean of Canterbury; Lady Augusta Mostyn; Earl Amherst; Earl Stanhope; Hon. T. Lloyd. Mostyn; Archdeacon Harrison; Professor Stanley, etc. etc. etc.

Our limited space will not permit our giving all the admirable speeches that were made, on the removal of the cloth; we must necessarily confine ourselves to those which touched upon the more peculiar objects of the Society. Among them-The Venerable Archdeacon HARRISON, in returning thanks for himself and the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Clergy, said-

I am sure it would have given his Grace great satisfaction to have been present among us this day; to have seen the interest taken by such numbers of members in the proceedings of the Society; and how it promises to be one more effectual bond of union between the clergy and laity of his diocese. The cordial co-operation of those two classes

which compose the Church, we all of us feel to be our privilege, our strength, and our happiness. There is much, in the several duties devolving upon the clergy, to cause us anxiety and trouble; and it is most refreshing to receive from time to time evidence that our labours have not been in vain. I am, beyond doubt, expressing the sentiments of many of the clergy when I say that it is a refreshment to them from time to time to do as they have done this day-to come to the metropolitical city, to meet their brethren from all parts of the diocese, refresh themselves with the recollections of past times, and so gather fresh strength for the duties of the future. They are connected by their office with a large number of most interesting edifices, sprinkled all over the country-the ancient parish churches of the land: and they have not only a great interest in preserving them in their integrity, and repairing whatever has fallen to decay through the lapse of time, but they also derive great encouragement from the spirit shown in respect of them, not only in repairing what needs reparation, but also in the good will and good sense by which the restoration is most happily carried on; so that the new shall be in harmony with the old. I have the satisfaction-and I speak in the presence of many of the clergy of my own archdeaconry-of saying that I can point from parish to parish where the work of restoration is being, or has been, happily carried on; nor will I be withheld by the presence of the noble Lord in the chair from expressing my satisfaction at one of those parishes, which shows in the present state of its church, the munificence and good taste which he possesses. One word more before I sit down. The restorations and improvements are carried on so constantly and rapidly, that sometimes the public chroniclers can hardly keep pace with them. I happened to send an official Guide of the South-eastern Railway to my friend Mr. Stanley, who told me that he had been studying it on his journey, and it mentioned a circumstance which I will repeat, because it shows that official Guides are not always infallible authorities. There was a church, it was stated, of very picturesque exterior, but the interior beauty of which was utterly destroyed by its ornaments: In it were to be seen images of Fame and Justice, more suitable to a Grecian temple than a Christian church. The official Guide spoke of all these as still in existence: but I am happy to be able to inform all archaeologists, as I informed Mr. Stanley, that, though the Guide had only appeared a few months ago, the images of Fame and Justice have long disappeared. I need not say that, though from the parish church in question the representations of Fame and Justice have been banished, the church is none the worse; and I feel assured that the work of restoration, on the soundest principles of archaeology, would continue to make progress through the country.

Mr. BERESFORD HOPE, in proposing the health of the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, said:---

I am sorry to begin, my Lord, with an act of insubordination, and to dissent from the Chairman as to my fitness to undertake this task. At the meeting this morning at the Guildhall, the Dean called us a "very grateful Society indeed," because we returned thanks to the Chapter for kindness not yet shown. But there is no doubt now that these thanks are due, after the way in which the Chapter have received us, and after the lucid and excellent description of the cathedral by one whom, though unconnected now officially with it, we must ever connect with the cathedral of Canterbury. Great service has been done, my Lord, by this Chapter in the restoration, and in the manner of the restoration, of this cathedral. The Chapter have restored lapses and supplied defects; they have renovated the edifice with a judicious taste; they have brought it back to its old condition, but they have not made it "spick-and-span-new," like a railway-station. People deserve praise who execute such works by their own trouble, at their own expense, and from motives of affectionate piety. Those, too, who first set the example of church restoration deserve most high praise. Now Chapters are everywhere restoring their cathedrals, and giving a practical answer to the charges of selfishness brought against them. But twenty-five years ago, when this spirit of renovation had not yet been excited, this Chapter restored their cathedral at a cost of tens of thousands of pounds. You have seen that cathedral today,-you have seen the order and decency with which it is kept. One canon only survives, I believe, who witnessed the beginning of the restorations,-but as new men came in, there was no mutability in the spirit of the body. What was begun by Dean Percy, has been carried on by Dean Bagot, Dean Lyall, and now by Dean Alford. I feel a peculiar pleasure in proposing this toast, because the cathedral Chapter has had for many years most friendly relations with the College of St. Augustine, and their friendliness has been the better appreciated because that college has not been in any way connected with the cathedral. When St. Augustine's College was first founded, people said-"Of course you'll put it in connection with the cathedral; of course the Chapter will have a voice in it." To which we replied-"Of course we will not put it in connection with the cathedral; of course the Chapter will not have a voice in it." We said this, because the Chapter had its own work to do, which it was doing well, but that the college was a cognate institution, not an identical one, having its own work of a parallel nature; therefore, we decided, let it stand on its own basis, and the cathedral stand on its. The members of the Society will be but blind and cold archaeologists if they have regard only to matters of bricks and glass, and to the external winutice of their science, without appreciating its deeper meaning. The restorations of Christ Church, Canterbury, have not been undertaken in order that it may be visited by the sight-seers of a week-day, and the archaeologists every three years; but because it is connected with the most famous scenes of English history. It brings before us the missionaries and the kings of the Heptarchy; it is the scene of the labours of Lanfranc and of Anselm, of the struggle between Henry and Becket; the burial-place of Edward the Black Prince and Harry of Lancaster; and there are many other memorable events with which it is associated; therefore we honour the cathedral, and we respect its custodians, whose singleness of purpose and liberality are a pattern to all other Chapters. I have much pleasure in proposing "The health of the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, with thanks for their welcome."

The Very Reverend the DEAN returned thanks in the following words:-

My Lord Marquess, Ladies and Gentlemen,-I am sorry it has not devolved on some older member of the Chapter than myself to return you thanks for the very kind manner in which you have received our health. I am, in fact, the youngest member of our body; for that member who is actually younger than myself was among you long before I came to Canterbury. But, as the task devolves on me, in consequence of my office, I willingly accept it. I can assure you that the scene which we have witnessed today in our venerable cathedral has given, us infinite pleasure, while it has suggested some remarkable contrasts. When we compare the complaints in the pages of Gostling and contemporary writers, of the non-appreciation of the Gothic style, with the eager enthusiasm of the vast body of intelligent pilgrims who have assembled in it today; when we remember that in his forlorn plea for the building he is obliged to appeal to the fact that the eyes of the negroes accompanying the rich planters who sometimes visited it, sparkled with pleasure on entering the nave, we may well conclude that public opinion has much changed since that day. We all know the verdict of the age of Pope, and Swift, and Bolingbroke, on antiquarian researches. It is pithily comprised in the epigram-

"Give me the thing that's pretty, odd, and new: All ugly, old, odd things, I leave to you."

I may say, by the way, that we seem to have inherited not only their legacy to others, but their wish for themselves also. The brilliant assembly of our fair friends around us may serve to show that every gem is not an antique; that it is not "ugly, old, odd things" alone of which archaeologists are in quest at their meetings. But, Ladies and Gentlemen, it was very soon afterwards found out, that these "ugly, old, odd things" had in them some beauty, and were worth imitating. And so the next generation showed that they had discovered that the "child is father of the man." But they did not go on to the sequel of the quotation, of which I will presently speak. They began by child's play, in Gothic imitation. Then was the age of Strawberry Hill; of painted windows outside with no windows inside to correspond; of elaborate toys and costly shams, of which the only successors now are the roughcast pasteboard castles which serve as spill-boxes on the mantelpieces of furnished lodgings. Horace Walpole was not aware that, because the child is father of the man, "our days must be bound each to each by natural piety;" that subsequent ages must not imitate, but be founded upon, former ones; that a much more serious task is before the archaeologist than any mere imitation can fulfil. It was the somewhat exaggerated boast of Canning, when speaking, in a strain of high eloquence, of the intended establishment of the empire of Brazil, that "he had called the new world into existence, to right the balance of the old." Yours, Ladies and Gentlemen, is the converse task,-and I say this in no spirit of rhetorical exaggeration, but in sober earnest,-your task is to call the old world into existence to right the balance of the new. Already we see the scale, so long unworthily held the lightest, descending to us rich with ample treasures of precious information; already art begins to be looked on as never before; already history is written, and history is read, as it never was read or written before. We can read on the volumes, which the descending scale brings to us, the names of Hallam and Milman, Arnold and Grote, Stanhope and Merivale, Froude and Stanley, Campbell and Foss; men who have written history, not for this or that political purpose, not to serve the opinions of this or that Ministry of the day, but as founded on research, and aiming at truth. And I hardly need remind you, Ladies and Gentlemen, that in this archaeological revival not even the minutest researches are to be despised. From the hill where we ourselves seem to be standing, we must not only strain our eyes after the distant mountains of classic antiquity, but must examine with all care the important though less interesting level which separates us from them. How do we know, till we have descended and ascertained, whether that far-off spark which we see be the glittering dome of a palace, or the light in the window of a cottage? whether that uncertain cloud which hangs over another portion of the plain be the dust of an advancing army, or the smoke of some powerful mart of commerce? Nothing in these researches is trifling. Every age, in every feature, has that which every other age may learn from-may learn modesty, soberness, wisdom, thankfulness, earnestness, charity. And as for ourselves, Ladies and Gentlemen, we feel it our mission to keep well and faithfully, warily and wisely, the great fortress of history and devotion which has been entrusted to our care, to teach our fellow-citizens and fellow-countrymen that the uses of cathedrals have not passed away. For as the gallant officer who spoke for the army would bear me out, though it may not be requisite that every soldier at every time should be kept at the very highest regulation pattern, yet it is requisite that some be so kept, and always so kept. And it is even thus in the Church. We who have no distracting cares of parochial duty, are set here for a pattern, in a Church which is to be a pattern,-which is to show the full measure and full intent of associated praise and prayer, and exhortation and doctrine. Give us your good wishes, that we may be always found earnest and able for this our duty; that whether we live (as you heard today) under an Archbishop who performed the questionable work of dividing the Bible into chapters, or (as now) under a Commission which is performing, if well done, the better work of dividing the Chapter into Bibles, we may not lose heart nor courage, nor elasticity of action, to fit the wants and duties of the day in which we live. And, more, give us your pious prayers also, that, when we stand with you where all must stand, we may, by God's help, be found to have been, in this our important work, good and faithful servants.

The Rev. Professor STANLEY said:-

I wish the toast I am about to propose had been placed in other hands, being, as it is, the toast of all others most essential to the fortune and prospects of the day. But I feel at least this advantage, that-to use an almost Irish expression-I am both inside and outside of it. On the one hand, I have now no connection with the county of Kent, yet, on the other hand, I feel that I can never be entirely severed from it. I have found the greatest pleasure in showing over the cathedral so large an assemblage as have honoured me with their presence this morning; and I rejoice if any knowledge that I have acquired during my stay in Canterbury, has been productive of instruction or amusement to the members of the Society. In delivering over my wand to the Dean this morning, it was indeed like parting from an enchanted island, where I have passed years of the greatest happiness. The subject of my toast is "Success to the Kent Archaeological Society." This calls upon me to say what are the great peculiarities of Archaeology in the present day. My friend the Dean has, indeed, anticipated anything that I could have wished to say; and has spoken to you so ably and so eloquently, that I can scarcely hope to be able to add anything to it: one or two points, however, may be briefly touched upon. In a peculiar sense, Archaeology now, for the first time, may be said to be a general science, -a science which has been diffused throughout the whole community. This is peculiar to the times in which we live. Go back to former ages, and there will be found an absence of any considerable reverence for the things of antiquity; whereas the opposite tendency of the present day seems as though it had been specially called out to counteract the other influences which are at work,-the influences of railroads and telegraphs, and all the other effects of a rapidly-increased communication; immense changes, irresistible and inevitable, whose effect, unless counteracted by an opposite spirit, will be to destroy and sweep from the face of the land every vestige of antiquity. But that opposite tendency has been called into existence; it is proved by the universal desire shown for the study of Archaeology. If we look back to the middle ages, of which our cathedral is a monument, it is impossible to help reflecting how much more advantageously the study might have been followed then than now, if any interest had then been felt in the venerable objects to us now so dear. I sometimes can hardly forgive the great Lanfranc for having been such a destroyer of the relics of antiquity. If but the same spirit had inspired him, as inspired men now with a reverence for things of the past, might not the remains of the old cathedral founded by St. Augustine have been still in existence? and from them one could have formed some idea of what the first early Christian church at Rome was like, of which Kent's oldest Saxon cathedral was a copy. Then, when I remember how the scene of Becket's murder has been entirely altered, I cannot but reflect how much light the histories of that event might have received could we of the present generation have seen the transept in the same condition as it was in at the time of that event. Now, however, the time is come when a spirit prevails of juster appreciation of the past. It has grown up at the very moment when but for it every relic of antiquity would have disappeared. The bane and the antidote have grown side by side; and in this way we may be able to hand down to future generations the gifts and inheritances we have received from generations of old. And it is impossible not to feel how specially important a field of labour the Kent Archaeological Society has opened before it. Of all counties, Kent is the most historically interesting; being as it is the very corner-stone of English history, and particularly of English ecclesiastical history.

Earl STANHOPE (President of the Society of Antiquaries) returned thanks. He said:-

I hope the idea will not, even for a moment, be entertained that from any feeling of jealousy, as connected with another body of antiquaries, I am unable sincerely to congratulate you on the success which has attended the day's proceedings. On the contrary, I feel that the path of Archaeology is wide enough for many to travel on it, and I and the Society to which I belong heartily welcome all who are disposed to become their fellow-labourers. I think I have just cause to congratulate you on your first meeting. It would not indeed become me to speak on behalf of so many as I see here assembled; but if I may judge of the feelings of all by what I have heard from the many with whom I have spoken, I will venture to say that the proceedings have been a great enjoyment to all who have taken a part in them. It would have been, in truth, no common delight to any one-and how much more to antiquaries and archaeologists-to see the many points of interest with which the venerable city of Canterbury abounds, from the magnificent pile of Christ Church to the ancient castle-fosse and the blooming lime-trees of the Dane John. I have said that in the day's proceedings all have found great enjoyment; and I do not think I need except those, the fairer and the better part of the company, who have honoured us with their presence in such numbers. No doubt many, if not all of them, have hitherto looked upon the study of antiquity as dry and repulsive,-fit perhaps for the library of their grandpapas, but wholly destitute of interest for themselves. I cannot but hope that for the future they will connect the study with a day agreeably passed-when the sunshine beamed on many objects beauteous and noble in themselves, but yet more beauteous and more noble in the recollections they inspired; a day when events long gone by, but whose influence is yet felt, were explained in so lucid a manner by Mr. Arthur Stanley above all, but by others also, that their details could be no longer matter of difficulty to be either understood or remembered. If such are the feelings of the ladies, I will venture to add one word more, and say the best proof they can give that I have rightly interpreted them, will be by honouring us with their company on the next occasion. I cannot but think, too, that their enjoyment has been of the most profitable description. They cannot but derive many a useful lesson from those silent witnesses of the past-silent as they have been for centuries and now first taught to reveal the great truths they contain. Thus looking back to the first influence of the Christian faith upon the history of the English nation, who can stand unmoved by the baptismal font of Ethelbert? who but must feel all his chivalry aroused within him when standing at the tomb of the very flower of chivalry, the Black Prince? These are subjects of lasting glory: they awake in the heart that contemplates them feelings that are an honour to human nature, and that should not either remain without some influence in estimating or deciding upon the questions of the present day. Upon these grounds I very much rejoice at the success which has been achieved on the present occasion. It furnishes also an apt scene on which men of all political and religious opinions may meet in harmony, and proves that however numerous the points of difference among us, they are not so many as the points of agreement. I must, in conclusion, beg permission to propose the health of our noble President.

The Chairman briefly returned thanks.

Sir WALTER JAMES proposed "The Mayor and Corporation of Canterbury," and passed a warm eulogium on municipal institutions in general.

The Mayor (T. N. WIGHTWICK, Esq.) said:-

In the name of the Corporation of Canterbury, I beg to offer you our grateful thanks for the compliment which has been paid to us by the Kent Archaeological Society. My Lord, gentlemen who have preceded me have been pleased to speak in eulogistic terms of the city of Canterbury, of the facilities it offers for archaeological research. It is, as we all know, a matter of congratulation to us to hear the locality which we inhabit spoken of in commendatory language. For, my Lord, as there is a pride of ancestry, so there is a pride of place. And I am sure I shall be forgiven, as a citizen of Canterbury, for entertaining feelings of pride that we can offer in this our city attractions which can invite the attention and command the special attendance of such a scientific assembly as those now gathered around these boards. My Lord, whilst we exult that Canterbury is rich in legendary lore-whilst we glory that within a small circle of this very spot we can offer specimens of a bygone age, illustrative of almost all that your inquiring minds have, in the investigation of your science, as yet discovered, of themselves tending to bear testimony to the utility of your institution,-we must not and we do not forget that we are, in a measure, indebted to your Society for revealing to us their existence, enabling us, as it were, on the very threshold of our houses to hold converse with the past, and affording to us a daily lesson for our guidance and our profit. It is not for me, my Lord, at this late hour to occupy your time. I will content myself with assuring you how thoroughly you may rely on our hearty co-operation-of our earnest desire to do all in our power to assist in your praiseworthy endeavours. And if, my Lord, we can hereafter lay claim to the smallest portion of the benefit, which we feel convinced you will achieve, we shall be amply rewarded for our exertions.

Before the entire programme of toasts was completed the hour had arrived, and the greater part of the company were compelled to retire.

A very large party, however, remained to enjoy the hospitalities of the Deanery, to which the Dean and Mrs. Alford had kindly invited the Members and their friends.

The beautiful grounds were thrown open to the company, where professional singers were engaged to entertain them with madrigals, glees, etc., from whence they adjourned to the house, where refreshments were served.

Here H. B. Mackesson, Esq., kindly exhibited his unique trumpet found in the sea at Hythe, and believed to be of the fourteenth century.

The beautiful Saxon antiquities, which had only been partially examined in the morning, were again exhibited and leisurely inspected, and elicited the admiration which they merited. Some admirable Photographs, too, of the Cathedral and other antiquities of Canterbury, were exhibited by Mr. Cruttenden, Honorary Photographer to the Society, and eagerly purchased by the visitors.

At a later hour, some of the party entered the Cathedral, and enjoyed the effect of moonlight upon its windows and tracery, the enjoyment being richly enhanced by the magic effect of Luther's Hymn unexpectedly chanted by unseen performers, which, it was afterwards understood, was a gratification contrived by the Dean and Precentor; thus finishing a day of intellectual enjoyment, such as the county had not before experienced, and which surpassed our most sanguine expectations. It was a day not easily to be forgotten.

D-r.		Cr.
1857	Sept. 19th	1858	June 19th
To Contributions at Mereworth Castle	£9 0 0	By purchase of £212. 2s. 10d. new Three per Cent., being 41 Life Compositions at £5	£205 0 0
Aug. 9th		Postage, to this day	£25 12 2
Payment received for two Dinner Tickets returned therewith unused	£0 8 0	Stationery, to this day	£7 13 3
Sept. 19th		Advertising, to this day	£21 18 1
Subscriptions, Life Compositions, and Contributions to Illustration Fund paid to Messrs. Randall and Co., Maidstone, to this day	£368 8 6	Printing Circulars, etc.	£37 13 0
Ditto, ditto, ditto paid to Messrs. Hammond and Co., Canterbury, to this day	£74 0 0	Incidental Expenses at Annual Meeting, Travelling Expenses, Agents, etc.	£16 12 1
124 Subscriptions in arrear, i.e. £62 0 0		Paid to various Artists on account of illustrations	£28 2 0
Promised Contributions to Illustration Fund, not yet received £45 10 0		Lithography of Circulars	£8 15 0
Total available arrears £107 10 0		Balance at Bankers:
		Messrs. Randall and Co.	£75 14 11
		Messrs. Hammond and Co.	£34 14 9
		£110 9 8
		Deduct unpresented Cheques	£4 18 9
		£105 10 11
		Total	£451 16 6
Audited and allowed, 29th October, 1858. JOHN SAVAGE, J. N. DUDLOW, Auditors.
A large proportion of these items of expense was incidental to the first formation of the Society.

Contributions

To the fund for supplying illustrations to the Society's Volume.

Earl Amherst£5 0 0
Marquess Camden£5 0 0
The Earl of Abergavenny£5 0 0
E. G. Culling Eardley, Esq.£5 5 0
Viscount Falmouth£5 0 0
A. J.B. Beresford Hope, Esq., M.P.£5 0 0
C. Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P.£5 0 0
G. B. Norman, Esq.£5 0 0
James Whatman, Esq., M.P.£5 0 0
Sir J. Hawley, Bart.£5 0 0
Sir Norton Knatchbull, Bart.£2 0 0
Lady Knatchbull£2 0 0
Henry Norman, Esq.£2 0 0
Rev. Beale Poste£2 0 0
A. Randall, Esq.£2 0 0
Earl Stanhope£2 0 0
Sir Thomas Maryon Wilson, Bart.£3 0 0
G. B. Acworth, Esq.£1 0 0
Rev. Canon Chesshyre£1 0 0
E. Foss, Esq.£1 0 0
Rev. J.C. Robertson£1 0 0
Rev. F. Wrench£1 0 0
J. Wingfield Stratford, Esq.£1 0 0
The Very Rev. The Dean of Canterbury£2 0 0
H. B. Mackeson, Esq.£1 0 0
Rev. W. Smith Marriott£1 0 0
Lieut.-Colonel Stanton£1 1 0
J. Espinasse, Esq.£2 0 0
Rev. A. Mesham£1 0 0
Charles Devon, Esq.£1 0 0
E. Pretty, Esq.£1 0 0
R. Hussey, Esq.£1 0 0
The Venerable The Archdeacon of Maidstone£2 0 0
Rev. G. Rashleigh£1 0 0
Rev. J. L. Allan£1 1 0
T. Willement, Esq.£1 0 0
Rev. M. Onslow£1 0 0
E. Hussey, Esq., Oxjarcl£0 10 0
Arthur Smith, Esq.£1 0 0
James Crosby, Esq.£1 0 0

Members willing to contribute to this Fund are requested to signify their intentions to the Honorary Secretary.

MY DEAR SIR,

You will, I hope, excuse me if in compliance with your kind solicitations I adopt this very curt and unceremonious mode of redeeming the pledge which I gave, before my severance from the county to which I had the honour to belong when your Society was first formed. The pressure of my present occupations forbids me to enlarge, as I should have wished, on the theme of the Antiquities of Kent. What I now write must therefore be considered rather as a general expression of parting goodwill than as a formal Preface to a volume which needs no such preliminaries.

It has always appeared to me that much light may be thrown upon the history of any considerable country by the minute investigation of the peculiarities of its separate provinces; and to this rule England is no exception, and Kent affords one of its most remarkable exemplifications.

The physical situation of Kent, if I may repeat here what I have before said elsewhere, at once marks it out as a field for such inquiry. The pyramid of English History rests, even in its outward form, on two cornerstones: its western base is Cornwall; its eastern base is Kent. As through Cornwall it first became known to the older world which preceded Greece and Rome, so through Kent it first became known to Rome, and through that connection first came into contact with the civilization of Europe. If a Cornishman may feel a strange sensation of delight at finding the very earliest appearance of Britain on the stage of history, in Herodotus's hesitating admission of the existence of the Islands of Tin in the Northern Sea, so the man of Kent may enjoy a still more legitimate satisfaction in the knowledge that Kent was the first portion of England that caught the eye of the great General who first brought us within view of the Roman Empire,—the only one whose peculiarities he has distinctly denoted, the only one which from that day to this has borne its original name unaltered through the vicissitudes of four conquests and eighteen centuries. Already, at that first dawn of our history, Kent is spoken of by Caesar as the most civilized part of Britain. Already his sagacious eye had noticed the cause in its maritime situation and its affinity to France,—"Ex his omnibus longe sunt humanissimi qui CANTIUM incolunt; quae regio est maritima omnis, neque multum a Gallica differunt consuetudine." This brief sentence is the text of the whole History and Archaeology of Kent.

Represent to us this antique fragment of our country in its earliest physical features; let us hear all that can be said of the connection of its white chalk cliffs with the peculiarities of poetry, of architecture, and of culture to which they have given birth. Give the etymologies of the names of each separate locality in the county, those simple but picturesque monuments which preserve the recollection of historical events and of natural features, often when their memory has perished everywhere else. Show that Kent is our corner; explain how the Stour is our Ister; tell us the true origin of Sevenoaks; unfold the peculiar fitness and grace of Chevening. Represent these ancient hills and valleys to us, further, in their earliest historical, their Celtic state, still traceable, though at remote intervals, by their deep British roads and their scattered cromlechs. Let us have the full advantage of our shores having received the first legions of Caesar, if our Sussex brethren will still allow us to think so: at any rate, of having sheltered his first permanent settlement, developed into the four Roman fortresses of Richborough, Reculver, Lymne, and Dover. Let us profit by that next invasion to which the easy access of Kent gave occasion, in the erection of the first Saxon kingdom; and if our severer criticism will not allow us to believe in the two brother chiefs, or in the successful resistance to William the Norman, we are still not the less bound to explain and to cherish the relics of Saxon customs and of Saxon antiquities which Kent undoubtedly inherited in no ordinary degree. Nor is it Canterbury alone, but the whole of Kent, which has profited by the ecclesiastical Primacy which its welcome to Augustine annexed to its ancient capital. Lanfranc, Anselm, Becket, Cranmer, furnish the natural links by which our local annals are connected with the chain not only of British, but of European history. Pilgrims' chapels, religious houses, archiepiscopal palaces, baronial castles, are sown broadcast over the county which then contained at once the Sublime Porte and the Mecca of England. Add to these the innumerable vestiges, discovered or undiscovered, of events which grew out of these various peculiarities. Such were our popular insurrections, from Wat Tyler downwards, the results of the ancient, independent, almost national spirit of the "unconquered" horse of Hengist. Such were the visits of our own or of foreign Princes, which were almost the necessary consequence of the neighbourhood of Kent to the Continent; out of the scanty impressions derived from their visits to England by Louis VII. and John of France, by Manuel of Constantinople, by Sigismund and Charles V. of Germany, Kent occupied a large proportion. The gates which Henry VIII. brought from Boulogne have long ago vanished from Upper Hardres; the walls which sheltered the plot of the Maid of Kent have all but ceased to mark the site of the nunnery of St. Sepulchre at Canterbury. But in family archives, in local traditions, in fragments of wood or stone, in names of places or persons, the traces of these and like antiquities doubtless still linger. There are many chinks still to be filled up in the fabric of our national history, many buttresses still to be strengthened, many pinnacles still to be restored. This is especially the work of antiquarian investigations, of local inquiry. Those only who are on the spot have the means or the will to detect the details or to descend to the foundations of special historical events. Let the Kent Archaeological Society do this, having in view both what has been done before and what has not been done, and it will render good service not only to the Archaeology but to the History of England.

With every wish for the success of the interesting labours on which you are about to enter,

Believe me to be,

My dear Sir,

Yours faithfully,

ARTHUR P. STANLEY.

KAS

Front matter, Volume 1

Archaeologia Cantiana

Transactions

Kent Archaeological Society

Volume I

Preface

Errata and Addenda

Honorary Members

Members

Members elected 1859

THE REPORT

Contributions

Index to Pedes Finium

The Inventory of Juliana De Leyborne Countess of Huntyngdon

Kent Archaeological Society