Confirmation of the privileges of St Andrew’s Priory by Archbishop William de Corbeil, c.1123-1136

Confirmation of privileges to Rochester by William de Corbeil, Archbishop of Canterbury (from 1123-1136). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folio 203r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

No rubric or display initial.

Folio

203r (select folio number to open facsimile)

Willelmi dei gratia cantuar archiepiscopus. Fedis
aplice legatur. Omnibus hominibus et amicis
suis ta’ perlatis quam subditis. Cui’ cunque con-
ditionis sint ęcclę filiis salutem, deique benedicti-
onem et suam. Noscant presentes et profuturi me
reddidisse et firmit’ concessisse. et ex parte
dei et beati petri et n’ra uire in concusso hoc
presenti scripto meo confirmasse consilio et affen-
su clericorum et laicorum n’rorum ecclesie sancti An-
dree roffensi et dilecto filio n’ro Iohi’ episcpopo
omnem potestatem et iura episcopalia illi per-
tinentia in maneriis n’ris et clericis et
laicis sui episcopatum sic’ unque meli’ ut honora-
bili’ tenuerit antecessores sui Gundul-
fus ut Arnulfus episcpopi. Testibus hele wis archiepiscopus
cant’. et fulc’ p’ore sancte ofide. et Abel cano-
nico. Alueredo priore sancti gregorii. Rad-
cadus cum multis aliis clericis et laicis
apud canto roberiam.

Translation

William, by the grace of God, Archbishop of Canterbury, read the following pledge. To all men and their friends in the areas in which they are subjects. To whom no matter what condition, those things are sufficient for the children of God and his and his blessing. Let them know that I have repaid and strengthened the present and the advantage to have granted them. and on the part of God and blessed Peter and n'ra, in concusso my present writings, the council of the clergy and the laity of n’rorum church of Saint Andrew in Rochester and to our beloved Bishop John all the power and episcopal rights that pertain to him in the manors, n’ris[?], clergy, and laymen of his bishops sic’ always meli’ that that Gundulf held as honorable as his predecessors, like Arnulf the bishop. Witnessed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and fulc’ p’ore sce’ ofide, and Abel the canon. Aleredo the Prior of Saint Gregory. Radcad with many other clerics and laymen in Kent roberiam[?].

Confirmation of the privileges of St Andrew’s Priory by Archbishop Theobald of Bec, c.1139

Confirmation of privileges by Archbishop Theobald of Bec(1139-1161) September 29, 2022 Confirmation of privileges to Rochester by Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury, from 1139-1161. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 131r-132r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

There are annotations in a later hand in the right margin of folio 205v, along with some underlining of place names on this page.

Transcription

204v (select folio number to open facsimile)

TEODBALDUS gratia dei cantuar archiepiescopus et to-
tius britannię primas omnibus sancte ęcclessię
fidelibus salutem. Notum uobus e’e’ uolo quod omnibus
donationes et concessiones omnium mane-
riorum et omnium terrarum . et omnium ęcclessiaru-
cum omnibus redditibus et rectitudibus suis .
et omnium decimarum quę hactenus concessę
et donatę st’ ęcclessę sancti ANDREĘ apli’ quę sita
est in ciuitate roucestra aquilibus cunq;
fiue regibus five arep’is uel epis seu comi-
tibus seu aliis quibus libet hui regni nobilibus
concessę sint aut donatę . ego teodbaldus
gratia dei cantuar arep’s et toti’ britannię primas
auctoritate m’ a deo collata . omnimodo
ratas et in perpetuum stabiles e’e’ confirmo.
Et eas nominatim quas GUNDVLFUS illi’
ęcclessę episcopus ut ad usum monachorum illorum
qui in eadem ęcclessia domino xp’o et prędicto aplo
deuote famulantur permaneant ordi-
nauit : ego eidem ęcclę et eisdem monachis
uire ęternę hęreditaus habendas et libe
atq: quiete confirmo possidendas. Et
sicut ipse pręnominat’ episcopus qui ęccl’am
illa’ fundauit et monachos illos illic

205r

congregauit . et ipsa maneria et terras q’s
insuo dominico habebat . ipsis monachis a
suo p’po uictu

Translation

THEOBALD, by the grace of God, Archbishop of Canterbury, and all the people of Britain, all the faithful of the holy church greetings. I want to make known to you all the gifts and concessions of all the manors and all the lands. and all the church and all rents and righteousnesses, and of all the tithes that have hitherto been given and donated to Saint Andrew's situated in the city of Rochester, aquilib' cunq; to the five kings, five arepis or bishops or counts or to others whom they pleased were granted or given to the nobles of this kingdom. I, Theobald, by the grace of God, can sing arep's and all Britannia's foremost authority given to me by God, in every way approved and permanently stable by him confirmed.

And those in particular which Gundulf, the bishop of that place, ordered to continue for the use of those monks who in the same place serve the lord Christ to be held as an heir and to be possessed at will; And as he pre-names the bishop who founded that church and gathered those monks there. and she herself had manors and lands that belonged to her own domain. And as he pre-names the bishop who founded that church and those monks there gathered, and she herself had manors and lands that belonged to her own domain. the monks themselves were defeated by their pope.

Henry I confirms the division of lands, c.1123

Henry I confirms the division of lands and privileges between the monks and the bishop at Rochester, followed by a confirmation by Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, and one by Bishop Gundulf (who made the initial proposal) (dated 1103). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 218r-220r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

There are sixteen signatories to the agreement: these are on 220r and are represented by black crosses. The date is given after this: 1103.

Transcription

218r (select folio number to open facsimile)

Henricus gratia dei rex anglorum,
Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, abbatibus, comiti-
bus, cęterisque omnibus baronibus suis fran-
cigenis et anglis, totius regni anglorum,
salutem. Notum uobis omnibus esse uolo, quod
omnes donationes et concessiones omnium
maneriorum et omnium terrarum et omnium
ęcclesiarum cum omnibus redditibus et rectitu-
dinibus suis et omnium decimarum quę hac-
tenus concessę et donatę sunt ęcclesię sancti
andreę apostoli quę sita est in ciuitate ro-
uecestra, a quibuscunque siue regibus siue
archiepiscopis uel episcopis seu comitibus seu ali-
is quibuslibet huius regni nobilibus conces-
sę sint aut donatę, ego henricus dei
gratia rex anglorum potestate regię digni-
tatis michi a deo collata, omnimodo fir-
mas et in perpetuum stabiles esse concedo.
Et eas nominatim quas Gundulfus illius
ęcclesię episcopus ut ad usum monachorum illorum qui
in eadem ęcclesia domino christo et praedicto apostolo
deuote famulantur permaneant, ordina-
uit, ego eidem ęcclesię et eisdem monachis

218v

iure ęternę hereditatis habendas et li-
bere atque quiete confirmo possidendas. Et sicut ipse pręnominatus episcopus qui ęcclesiam
illam fundauit et monachos illos illic
congregauit et ipsa maneria et terras
quas in suo dominico habebat ipsis mona-
chis a suo proprio uictu discreuit et dis-
cretas iam dedit, uidelicet Vldeham
cum omnibus appenditiis suis, Frandesbe-
riam cum omnibus appenditiis suis, Sto-
ches cum omnibus appenditiis suis, Suth-
fletam cum omnibus appenditiis suis, Danitu-
nam cum omnibus appenditiis suis, Lamhetham
cum omnibus appenditiis suis, Hedenham cum
cum manerio quod appendet Cudintuna no-
mine, et cum omnibus quadraginta hidis terrę
quę appendent, et omnes alias minutas
terras et omnes redditus omnium terrarum ubi-
cunque sint quas suo tempore acquisiuit
et illis dedit, cum soca, et saca, et tolne, et
teame, et omnibus aliis consuetudinibus et
rectitudinibus et libertatibus quas ipsemet
unquam melius habuit in terris et in aquis et
in siluis et in uiis et in omnibus locis, ita

219r

firmiter et stabiliter in omnibus, omnia
ista monachis illis concedo et confir-
mo. Et hanc confirmationem meam pro
anima patris mei et matris meę et pro
anima mea et uxoris meę et omnium pa-
rentum meorum stabilio, et stabilitate si-
gni sanctę crucis domini nostri iesu christi propria
manu mea et sigillo meo consigno. ET ego anselmus non meis meritis
sed gratia dei cantuariensis archi-
episcopus hanc confirmationem regia aucto-
ritate confirmatam confirmo, ut et
ipsi praedictae ęcclesię et monachis prędi-
ctis atque post illos in perpetuum uicturis,
firmiter stabilis et stabiliter firma et il-
libata permaneant sancio, et sancitam si-
gno dominicę crucis christi consigno, et au-
ctoritate dei omnipotentis patris et fi-
lii et spiritus sancti et omnium sanctorum eius exco-
mmunico omnes illos qui de prędicta
ęcclesia aliquid horum omnium quę hactenus
ei sunt concessa et donata, et a rege
henrico et a me nunc confirmata

219v

abstulerint, uel auferre temptauerint,
uel ab aliis ablatum cognita ueritate re-
ceperint, uel retinuerint. Hoc etiam ad ul-
timum superaddo, ęterna cum iuda proditore sit
illis poena, nisi ad satisfactionem uene-
rint. Amen amen amen. Ego autem Gundulfus licet indignus
mitissimi sanctorum andreę apostoli uicarius
rofensium tamen uocatus episcopus, hanc nostrae
deuotionis institutionem, et regię aucto-
ritatis confirmationem, immo domni an-
selmi archiepiscopi sanctionis excommunicati-
onem, et ore et toto corde confirmo. Et ut
in perpetuum integra et inuiolata permaneat,
signo crucis christi uice piissimi sanctorum andreę
apostoli eam consigno et corroboro. Quicunque
ergo audaci temeritate aut temeraria prę-
sumptione illam ulterius scienter uiolaue-
rint, apponat ac praeponderet dominus illam eorum
sacrilegii iniquitatem super omnes alias iniqui-
tates eorum. Et nisi ad satisfactionem uene-
rint, deleantur de libro uiuentium, et cum
iustis non scribantur, et in die iustę et ęter-
nę retributionis, cum sinistra parte positis

Translation

Henry, by the grace of God, King of the English, to the archbishops, bishops, abbots, counts, and all the rest of his barons, French and English, of the whole kingdom of the English, greetings. I want it to be known to all of you that all the donations and concessions of all the manors and all the lands and all the churches with all their rents and rights and all the tithes that have hitherto been granted and donated to the church of Saint Andrew the Apostle which is in the City of Rochester, by whatever kings or archbishops or bishops or counts or other nobles of this kingdom may have been granted or given, I Henry, by the grace of God, king of the English, by the power of the royal dignity bestowed upon me by God, grant that they are in every way firm and forever stable.

And those specifically which Gundulf, the bishop of that church, ordained to continue for the use of those monks who in the same church devoutly serve the Lord Christ and the aforesaid apostle, I confirm that the same church and the same monks shall have the right of eternal inheritance and freely and quietly possess them.

And as the aforesaid bishop himself, who founded that church and assembled those monks there, and the very manors and lands which he had in his dominions, disclaimed from his own possession to the monks themselves, and gave them already disreputable, he will see Wouldham with all its appurtenances, Frindsbury with all its appurtenances, Stoke with all its appurtenances, Southfleet with all its appurtenances, Denton with all its appurtenances, Lamberhurst with all its appurtenances, Haddenham with the manor which is attached by the name of Cuddington, and with all the forty hides of land which is attached, and all other small lands and all rents of all lands wherever which he acquired in his own time and he gave them, with soca, and sacks, and take away, and fear, and all other customs and the rights and liberties which he himself he never had better things on land and in water in the woods and on the roads and in all places, so firmly and stably in everything, everything I grant and confirm these things to those monks. And this is my confirmation for the soul of my father and my mother and for my soul and that of my wife and of all my parents the stability of mine, and the stability of the sign of the holy cross of our Lord Jesus Christ I sign with my hand and seal.

And I, Anselm not by my own merits but by the grace of God the Archbishop of Canterbury this confirmation by royal authority I confirm confirmed, as et and after them you will win forever, firmly fixed and firmly fixed and unbroken I sanction them, and I signal them to be sanctioned on the holy cross of Christ, I entrust it, and by its authority the holy cross of Christ confirmed, and authority of the omnipotent God the father and son and spirit and all the saints excommunicate all those mentioned above the church is something of all these things which have hitherto been they were granted and given to him, and by King Henry and now confirmed by me have taken away, or attempted to take away or, knowing that they had been taken away from others, they received them in truth, or have retained. This also to the last I add, eternal since Judas is a traitor punishment to them, unless they come to satisfaction. So be it. So be it. So be it.

I, Gundulf, although unworthy of the most kindly holy apostle Andrew, vicar of Rochester, having been called bishop, I confirm this institution of our devotion and the confirmation of our royal authority, and indeed the lord Anselm, Archbishop, sanctions the excommunication, and with my mouth and whole heart I confirm it. And that he may remain forever intact and inviolable, I sign and strengthen it with the sign of the cross of Christ, on behalf of the most pious of the holy Apostle Andrew. Whosoever, therefore, who further knowingly violated it by bold rashness or reckless presumption, let the lord add and outweigh that iniquity of their sacrilege above all their other iniquities. And unless they come to an apology, let them be blotted out of the book of the living, and not be written with the just, and in the day of just and eternal recompense, with those placed on the left hand.

List of individual benefactors and their donations to Rochester Cathedral, recorded c.1123

List of individual benefactors of St Andrew’s Priory, Rochester, and description of their donations. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 182v-186v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Subsequent benefactor’s names generally begin with display initials, the colours of which alternate between red, green and purple, though not in a fixed order. The documentation finishes with the first two words on the first line of 186v.

Included as a benefactor is Eadmer (c.1060-c.1126) (bottom of 83v), the biographer of St Anselm, who is mentioned in the account of the meeting between Gundulf and Haimo, below.

Folio

Transcription

Translation (see Translation Notes)

183r (select folio number to open facsimile)

( ) illic deo seruientibus unum mariscum

( ) there to those who served the god one sea-shell

infra insulam de grean pro anima sua in perpetuum.

below the island of Grean for his soul forever.

Quod donum concessit libenter

This gift was gladly granted

archiepiscopus anselmus, de quo tenuit illum.

by Archbishop Anselmus, of whom he held it.

Et monachi habent inde singulis annis,

And the monks have thence each year,

xxx.ta solid ( )

xxx.ta solid ( )

Ægelnothus quidam probus homo regis de hou,

Ægelnothus, a certain honest man of the king of Hou,

similiter dedit aecclesiae sancti andreae et monachis

likewise gave to the church of St. Andrew and to the monks

unum mariscum in eadem insula pro filio suo quodam

one sea-shell in the same island for his son, whom

quem fecit monachum ibi. De quo marisco habent

he had made a monk there. The monks have concerning the sea,

monachi xv. solidos unoquoque anno. Et hoc

xv. solids each year. And this

donum quoque concessit anselmus archiepiscopus.

gift also was granted by Anselmus the archbishop.

Osbernus de b(i)liceham

Osbernus of bilyceum

accepit societatem monachorum aecclesiae sancti an-

received the association of monks of the church of Saint

dreae, et ideo concessit eis decimam de geddinge

Andrew, and therefore granted them a tenth of their

terram suam aeternaliter, de qua habent (per) singulos

land in perpetuity, of which (per) each

annos duodecim solidos monachi.

year twelve solidos for the monks.

Lyafrun quae fuit

Lyafrun, who was the

uxor syuuardi de hou dedit aecclesiae sancti an-

wife of Syward of Hoo, gave to the church of Saint

dreae et monachis ibidem deo seruientibus

Andrew and to the monks there who were serving God

post mortem ipsius uiri sui syuuardi unum

after the death of her husband, one

mariscum infra insulam de grean pro anima

marsh under the island of Grean, for her soul,

sua, et pro anima ipsius syuuardi mariti sui

and for the soul of her husband, to be

aeternaliter possidendum, et hoc donum fecit

eternally possessed, and she made this gift in the

183v

in tempore Gundulfi episcopi. Post mortem uero ipsius

time of Bishop Gundulf . After the death of the

episcopi, quidam uulfuuardus cognomine henricus

bishop himself, a certain Uulfuardus, surnamed Henricus

de hou calumniatus est ipsum mariscum

de Hou, slandered the marshal

dicens suum esse debere, per consanguinitatis pa-

himself, saying that he must be his own, by consanguinity.

rentelam. Sed infra calumniam illam infirmatus

But under that slander he was weakened

est ad mortem, unde requirens monachiles

to the point of death, whereupon he demanded monastic

pannos a monachis sancti andreae, et quia

cloths from the monks of Saint Andrew, and because

impetrauit quod petiit, calumniam illam

he had obtained what he asked for, he dismissed that slander

pro amore dei et redemptione animae suae

for the love of God and the redemption of his soul.

dimisit, et ipsum mariscum aecclesiae sancti andreae

and the sea captain of the church of St. Andrew

et monachis eius omnino quietum clamauit

and his monks cried out in complete silence

in secula seculorum. De quo singulis annis habent

for ever and ever. From which every year the

monachi inde, quadraginta solidos.

monks have forty shillings.

Wlfuuardus de hou

Wulfuardus de hou,

cognomine henricus accepit societatem monachorum

surnamed Henry, received a company of monks

aecclesiae sancti andreae, pro qua dedit eis totam

of the church of St. Andrew, for which he gave them all his

decimam suam de cobbeham. Postea uero alia uice

tithes of Cobbeham. After that he gave them another

decimam suam de hou dimidiam concessit eis,

after that he gave them at Hoo another half of his tithes,

et terciam parte suae substantiae post mortem

and a third of his property after his death.

suam. Quod uxor illius et filius suus Rodbertus, et fratres

Which his wife and his son Rodbertus, and his brothers,

sui, hereuuardus uidelicet et siuuardus et eaduuardus,

hereuard videlicet and siuard and eduard,

libentissime concesserunt.

most willingly consented.

Eadmær de tarente dedit monachis aecclesiae sancti

Eadmær of Tarentum gave to the monks of the church of Saint

andreae dimidiam decimam suam de clæidune,

Andrew his half-tenth of the cleidune,

184r

pro filio suo quem fecerunt monachum.

for his son whom they made a monk.

Arnulfus de cilesfelda dedit

Arnulfus de Cilesfelde gave to

episcopo gundulfo et monachis sancti andreae

Bishop Gundulf and the monks of Saint Andrew

rofae totam medietatem totius decimae suae de ciles-

of Rofa the whole half of his whole tithe of

felda, annonam scilicet et agnos, et porcellos,

Cilesfelde, that is to say, lambs, and piglets,

et caseos, et uitulos, et pullos si ibi sunt equarum,

and cheeses, and heifers, and chickens if there are any mares there,

et unum uillicanum cum quinque acris terrae,

and one Willican with five acres of land,

pro anima patris sui et matris suae, et pro se ipso.

for the soul of his father and mother, and for himself.

Et episcopus et monachi susceperunt ipsum arnulfum

And the bishop and the monks received Arnulf

cum uxore sua et homines suos quos et quot

himself with his wife and his men, as many as he wanted,

uolebat in fraternitatem et in societatem totius beneficii

into the fraternity and fellowship of the whole

ipsius aecclesiae, et super (hoc) fecerunt unum annuale

church itself, and on (this) they held one of the annual

missarum pro defunctis patre et matre.

masses for the deceased father and mother.

Et isti sunt testes huius rei, Anscetillus archidi-

And these are the witnesses of this matter, Anscetillus the

aconus, Radulfus prior cadomi, Hunfridus monachus,

archdeacon, Radulfus the prior of the cadom, Hunfridus the monk,

Radulfus clericus, Simon dapifer episcopi,

Radulfus the cleric, Simon the servant of the bishop,

Atheloldus frater eius, Wido biset, Haimfridus dapifer

Atheloldus his brother, Wido Biset, Haimfridus the servant of

arnulfi, et alii multi.

Arnulf, and many others.

184v

cantuarberiae decimam, de langeleia decimam de

the tithe of cantuarberia, the tithe of langeleia,

caseis et de porcis, de suttune de caseis et de bestiis,

the tithe of cheeses and pigs, of suttune, of cheeses and game,

de le(l)eburna de caseis et de bestiis, de readlega

of le(l)eburna, of cheese and game, of readlega,

de caseis et de bestiis, de culinga et de mere-

of cheese and game, of culinga and

lea ( ) de omnibus rebus.

merelea ( ) of all things .

Eudo dapifer regis dedit sancto andreae omnes

Eudo the dapifer of the king gave to St. Andrew all

illas decimas quas adam frater suus quondam

those tithes which his brother Adam had once

dederat anschetillo archidiacono cantuarberiae,

given to Anschetillus, archdeacon of Canterbury,

et quas idem anschetillus postea concessit

and which the same Anschetillus afterwards granted

sancto andreae.

to Saint Andrew’s.

Rodulfus pincerna eudonis dedit (monachis sancti andreae)

Rodulfus the butler gave to Eudon (the monks of St. Andrew)

quandam decimam suam (de culingis) ualentem v.

a certain tithe (of the culings) worth 5

solidos per annum pro anima patris et matris.

Shillings per year for the soul of the father and mother.

Rodbertus de hede(n)ham omnem suam decimam

Rodbert de Haddenham gave all his tithes

de hede(n)ham dedit sancto andreae.

of Haddenham to Saint Andrew.

Rodbertus de langeleia cum uxore sua habet societatem

Rodbert de Langeleia has our company with his wife,

nostram, et dedit nobis suam decimam

and he has given us his tithe

de langeleia, et quando obierint sepeliemus eos,

of Langeleia, and when they die we will bury them,

et habebimus partem suae substantiae quantum un-

and we will have a part of their substance

cuique pertinet.

according to each one's share.

Adeloldus frater Balduini nostri monachi, dedit

Adeloldus, the brother of Baldwin, our monk, gave

nobis omnem suam decimam, etiam de mobili pecunia,

us all his tithes, even of movable money,

et quando de hac uita migrauerit,

and when he departed from this life,

omnem suam partem totius pecuniae suae, et praeter

all his part of all his money, and besides

185r

hoc suos equos et sua arma, et concessimus ei

this his horses and his weapons, and we granted him

fraternitatem et societatem nostri monasterii.

the fraternity and fellowship of our monastery.

Hugo de port habet nostram societatem, et de-

Hugh de Port has our company, and

dit nobis concedentibus filiis suis unoquoque

he has given to us as grantors to his sons

anno xx. solidos ad pasca uidelicet pro decima

each year 20 shillings at Easter for the tenth

de suo manerio quod uocatur ærhetha, et

of his manor, which is called Eretha, and

hanc donationem posuit super altare sancti andreae

he placed this donation on the altar of Saint Andrew,

ipse et uxor eius et filii eius per cultellum

himself, his wife, and his children with his

suum.

knife.

Rodbertus de sancto amando accepit societatem

Rodbert de Saint Amando took our partnership

nostram et dedit sancto andreae medietatem decimae

and gave Saint Andrew half of his tithe

suae de hescendena. Postea dedit nobis

of Hescendena. Afterwards he gave us another

aliam medietatem cum aecclesia quae ibi est pro filio suo

half with the church which is there for his son whom we

quem fecimus monachum.

made a monk.

Geroldus homo haimonis uicecomitis concedente

Geroldus the man, granting to the herd of the vicecount,

eodem haimone dedit nobis quandam

the same Hamo, gave us a certain

decimam quae ualet per annum xx. solidos pro filio

tithe, which is valid for 20 years. solid for his son

suo quem fecimus monachum.

whom we made a monk.

Vulmerus homo arnulfi de hesdinc consilio

The man Arnulf of Vulmer received our company

adeloldi fratris balduini nostri monachi

from this day by the advice of Adelold, our brother Baldwin, our monk,

accepit nostram societatem et dedit nobis suam

took our company and gave us his

decimam, quae ualet per annum decem solidos.

tithe, which is worth ten shillings a year.

185v

Rannulfus filius uualterii concessit sancto andreae

Rannulfus the son of Ualterius granted to Saint Andrew

suam decimam de sesmundeham quae unoquoque

his tithe of sesmundeha, which will be worth

anno ualebit nobis octo millarios

eight thousand herrings

de harenc et hos harengos faciet nobis ha-

eight thousand herrings

bere radulfus del bosc, testes radus filius

to us every year, and Radulfus del Bosc will make us have these herrings, witnesses Radus son of

uuillelmi, et rauennarius et radus picot,

Uuillelm, and Rauennarius and Radus Picot,

et ælmerus monachus cantuariae.

and Ælmerus, the monk of Canturia.

Haec est conuentio

This is the agreement

quam haimo filius uitalis fecit uersus gun-

which Haimo, the son of Uital, made towards

dulfum episcopum de rouecestra, quod ipse haimo

Gundulf, bishop of Rouecestra, that Haimo

dedit episcopo et monachis aecclesiam de sturmutha

gave to the bishop and the monks the church of Sturmutha

et suam dominicam decimam totam cum omnibus

and the whole of his Sunday tithe with all

consuetudinibus quae ad eandem aecclesiam pertinent,

the customs that belong to the same church,

et iiii.or acros terrae qui in aecclesia sunt,

and four.or acres of land that are in the church,

et in eodem manerio pasturam ad centum

and in the same manor I will pasture to one hundred

oues. Et hoc fecit pro anima patris sui et

ewes. And this he did for the souls of his father and his

matris suae et pro sua, et propter hoc quod quendam

mother and for his own, and because he made a certain

fratrem suum fecit monachum in aecclesia sancti andreae.

brother of his a monk in the church of St. Andrew.

Et haec ipsa conuentio fuit facta coram

And this very meeting took place in the presence of

anselmo archiepiscopo, ita quod ipsemet affuit,

Archbishop Anselm, so that he himself was present,

et ita fieri concessit. Et isti sunt testes

and allowed it to be so. And these are the witnesses

qui affuerunt, Baldeuuinus monachus,

who were present, Baldeuuinus the monk,

Wido monachus, Ansfridus clericus, Radulfus

Wido the monk, Ansfridus the cleric, Radulfus

camerarius, Iuo de mala uilla, et

the chamberlain, Joo de Mala viilla, and

186r

Radulfus malesmæins accepit societatem

Radulfus Malesmæins received the association

monachorum aecclesiae sancti andreae, et ideo concessit

of monks of the church of St. Andrew, and therefore granted

eis suam decimam de stoches. Post mortem

them his tenth of the stoches. After his death,

uero ipsius, Rodbertus malesmæins filius suus

indeed, his son Rodbertus Malesmeins granted this

pro salute animae suae, et pro animabus patris et

for the safety of his soul, and for the souls of his father

matris hoc concessit imperpetuum.

And mother in perpetuity

Willelmus de cloeuilla dedit aeternaliter ( ) monachis sancti andreae rofensis

William of Cloeuilla gave eternally ( ) to the monks of the church of Saint Andrew of Rochester

aecclesiae pro filio suo quem ibi fecerunt

for his son, whom they made a

monachum. Et hoc Gosfridus talebot dominus suus

monk there. And this Gosfridus the talebot his master

concessit.

granted.

Godefridus de scræmbroce et uxor eius

Godefrid de Scræmbroce and his wife

acceperunt societatem monachorum aecclesiae sancti

accepted the fellowship of the monks of the church of Saint

andreae, et ideo dederunt illis monachis suam

Andrew, and therefore gave to those monks their

dominicam decimam aeternaliter.

Lord’s tithe eternally.

De Wicham terra sancti andreae quam episcopus

Of Wicham, the land of St. Andrew, which bishop

Gundulfus dedit goisfrido talebot,

Gundulphus gave to Goisfrid Talebot,

retinuit idem episcopus omnem decimam omnium

the same bishop retained every tenth of all things

rerum ad opus monachorum suorum, quam et

for the work of his monks, which he

dedit illis aeternaliter possidendam.

gave to them to possess eternally.

Gotcelinus de hænherste accepit societatem

Gotcelinus de Hänherst took the company

monachorum sancti andreae rofensis aecclesiae,

of the monks of the church of St. Andrew of Rochester,

et ideo dedit eis suam dimidiam decimam de

and therefore gave them his half tithe of his

terra sua illic, et totam decimam suam de terra

land there, and his whole tithe of the land

sua in freondesberia.

In Frindsbury.

List of Royal Donations to Rochester Cathedral from 604 to the reign of William II, recorded c.1123

List of royal donations to the church of St Andrews at Rochester from the year 738, starting with Æthelberht II of Kent, to the reign of William II (r. 1087-1100). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 215r-216r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

This list appears to have been used as a basis for the one which appears in the inserted bifolium on 177r-178r, above. Latin annotations in a later medieval hand are written in the margins of 215r and 216r.

Transcription

215r (select folio number to open facsimile)

Anno ab incarnatione domini nostri iesu
christi dcc. xxxviii. Eadberhtus
rex cantuariorum dedit ęcclesię sancti andreę
apostoli hrofi, terram decem aratrorum in hou, quę
uocatur andscohesham, et commendauit ealdul-
for episcopo. Anno ab incarnatione domini
dcc. lxiiii. offa rex merciorum, et sigeredus >ii. idus augusti obiit Offa rex anglorum.<
rex cantuariorum donauerunt ęcclesię sancti an-
dreę, Æslingeham cum omnibus appenditiis su-
is, scilicet freondesberiam et uuicham, uide-
licet xx. aratrorum, et commendauerunt eard-
uulfo episcopo. Ecgberhtus rex cantię
dedit ęcclesię sancti andreę, heallingas, id est
terram decem aratrorum, et commendauit episcopo
dioran. Offa rex merciorum, et
ecgberhtus rex cantuariorum, dederunt ęcclesię
sancti andreę bromgeheg, et commendauerunt
episcopo dioran, et postea episcopo Waermundo.
Anno ab incarnatione domini dcc.
lxxxviii. offa rex merciorum dedit ęcclesię
sancti andreę trottesclib, et commendauit
Waermundo episcopo. Coenuulf rex
merciorum dedit ęcclesię sancti andreę borcste-
alle, et commendauit beornmodo episcopo.

215v

Anno ab incarnatione domini dccc. xxxviii.
ecgbert rex dedit ęcclesię sancti andreae
snodigland, et commendauit episcopo beorn-
modo. Anno ab incarnatione
domini dccc. xli. ætheluulf rex occidenta-
lium saxonum, dedit ęcclesię sancti andreę ho-
lanbeorgestun, et commendauit episcopo be-
ornmodo. Anno dominicę incarna-
tionis dccc. lxxx. Ætheluulf rex sa-
xonum, dedit ęcclesię sancti andreę cucolan-
stan, et commendauit suuiðuulfo episcopo.
E admundus rex anglorum, dedit
ęcclesię sancti andreę meallingas, et commen-
dauit episcopo burhrico. Quidam prę-
potens ac probus homo nomine brihtricus,
cum uxore Ælfsuuitha dederunt ęcclesię sancti
andreę, danitunam, et langafeldam, et dæren-
te, et falcheham, et commendauerunt Ælfsta-
no episcopo. Anno dominicę incarnatio-
nis dcccc. lv. Æthelred rex anglorum dedit
ęcclesię sancti andreę bromleage, et commenda-
uit Æl>fiscopo. Anno dominicę
incarnationis dcccc. xcv. Æthelred rex
anglorum dedit ęcclesię sancti andreę, Wldeham,

216r

et litlanbroc, et commendauit episcopo Goduui-
no. Æthelred rex anglorum dedit
ęcclesię sancti andreę Stantun, et hiltun, sci-
licet xv. mansas terrarum, et commendauit
episcopo Goduuino. Willelmus primus rex >v. idus septembris obiit Willelmus
primus rex anglorum.< v. That September died William the first king of the anglorum, reddidit fraceham terram sancti an-
dreę lanfranco archiepiscopo quam iniqui in-
iuste abstulerant, et ipse iuste reddidit
Gundulfo episcopo. Sic etiam stoches terram sancti
andreę eripuit ipse lanfrancus de in-
uasione tyrannorum, et reddidit predicto
gundulfo episcopo, et monachis eiusdem.
Willelmus filius willelmi regis dedit ęcclesię sancti >iiii. nonnes augusti obiit Willelmus secundus rex anglorum.<
andreę manerium suum lamhytham, et com-
mendauit Gundulfo episcopo. Lan- >v. kalends Iunii, obiit Lanfrancus archiepiscopus<
francus archiepiscopus dedit ęcclesię sancti andreę
manerium hedenham ad uictum monachorum,
quod concessit predictus Willelmus filius willelmi re-
gis. Estunam manerium, idem
rex Willelmus filius Willelmi dedit ęcclesię sancti
andreę, et commendauit episcopo Gundulfo.

Translation

In the year from the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ 738, Eadberht, King of Kent, gave the church of Saint Andrew the Apostle at Rochester, land of ten plows in Hoo, called Andscohesham, and commended it to Ealdulfor the bishop.

In the year from the incarnation of the Lord 764, Offa king of the Mercians, and Sigered > On the 2nd ides of August, Offa, king of the English died< King of Kent gave to the church of Saint Andrew, Islingham with all the with his appendages, of Frindsbury and Wicham, videlicet of the ploughs, and they commended it to Eardulf the bishop. King Ecgberhtus of Kent gave a chantry to the church of Saint Andrew, Halling, that is, the land of ten ploughs, and commended it to the bishop Dioran. Offa, king of the Mercians, and Ecgberht, King of Kent, gave the Church of Saint Andrew Bromhey, and commended it to Bishop Dioran, and afterwards to Bishop Waermund.

In the year from the incarnation of the Lord dcc 788. The king of the Mercians gave to the Church of Saint Andrew Trottescliffe, and commended it to the bishop of Waermund. Coenuulf, King of the Mercians, gave the church of Saint Andrew Borstal, and commended it to Bishop Beornmode.

In the year from the incarnation of the Lord 838, King Ecgbert gave the church of Saint Andrew Snodland, and commended it to Bishop Beornmode.

In the year from the incarnation of the Lord 841, Æthelwulf, King of the West Saxons, gave the Church of Saint Andrew Hollingbourne, and commended it to Bishop Beornmod.

In the year of the lord’s incarnation 880, Æthelwulf, King of the Saxons, gave the church of Saint Andrew Cucclestone, and commended it to Bishop Suiðuulf.

Eadmund, King of the English, gave the Church of Saint Andrew in Malling, and commended it to the bishop of Burch. A certain noble and honest man named Brihtricus together with his wife Ælfsuuitha, gave the church of Saint Andrew, Danituna, and Langafeld, and Darenth, and Falcheham, and commended it to Bishop Ælfstan.

In the year of the Lord’s incarnation 855, Æthelred, king of the English, gave the Church of Saint Andrew to Bromleage, and commended it to the bishop of Æl>f

incarnation 995, Æthelred, king of the English, gave the church of Saint Andrew, Wouldham, and Litlanbroc, and commended it to Bishop Godwin.

Æthelred, king of the English, gave the church of Saint Andrew, Stantun, and Hiltun, namely 15 manas of the world, and commended it to Bishop Godwin. William the first king >v. That September died William the first king of the English. He restored the rent of the land at Frachenham of Saint Andrew to the archbishop of Lanfranc, which the wicked had unjustly taken away, and he justly restored it to the Bishop Gundulf. Thus Lanfranc himself rescued the land of Saint Andrew from Lanfranc after the invasion of the tyrants, and restored it to the aforesaid Bishop Gundulf, and the monks of the same William, son of William the king, gave the church of Saint >Andrew the manor at lamhytham, and commended to Bishop Gundulf. Archbishop Lanfranc, gave to the church of Saint Andrew the manor of Haddenham for the maintenance of the monks, which the aforesaid William son of William the king. As for the manor at Estuna, the same King William, son of William, gave the church of Saint Andrew, and commended it to Bishop Gundulf.

List of various donors and their gifts to Rochester Cathedral and Priory, recorded c.1123

List of various donors and their gifts. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 201r-202v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Sawyer suggests folio 202 (i.e. 202r-202v) may be a later twelfth-century addition to the manuscript: See Peter Sawyer, Textus Roffensis Part II, Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile, 11, p. 12.

Transcription

201v (select folio number to open facsimile)

Ricardus bellus et ernulfus de strodes
cum uxoribus sius acceperunt societatem
nram’ et dederunt nobis omniem decimam
suam etiam de mobili pecunia et sepetiem’. Godingus de hou in infirmitate qua et mor-
tuus est int’ cęta’ sua quę co’mendaiut
et distribuit . affensu uxoris sue et filiorum atq;
[ ] amicorum suorum qui presentes fuer’t’. concessit
nob’ singlis annis quataior solidos. Qd’ eius
donum uxor illi’ cristina per cultellum super altare
sancti andreę posutt et omnium anno hos ipsos quattuorr
solidos. In die festiuitatis sancti Paulini a se et asuis
heredibus in perpetuum reddendos et super altare po-
nendos statuit. Similiter fr’ ipsius godingi > hugo < in ipsa festiutate
a fe et heredibus suis dandos concessit duos solidos Pulco filius hugonis de niwweham quando acce-
pit societatem n’ram cum uxore sua concessit nobis
affentiente ipsa uxore sue singlis annis decem
solidos in festiuitate sancti michalis qs’ dabit alexander
et heredes ei’ de terra de blecemere . sicut ipsos debebant
dare ipsi hugoni pro ipsa terra singlis annis. Q’d si
ipse alexander heredebus n’ habuerit . ut ipsa terram

202r

tenere n’ potuerit ut’ noluerit : habebim’ ipsa terram
loco decem solidorum quieta’ ab omnibus censu et c’suetudine Rannulfus constabularius dedecime n’ra
quam tenet : dat nobis per annum octo soli-
dos ad mediu’ quadragesime. Hugo de stochers dat nobis per annum de nra’
decima qua’ tenet . v . solidos ad festiuitatem
sancti Andree . et . v . ad pascha. De aslingham terra sancti andreę . quam
episcopus Gundulfus dedit goiffrido talebot.
retinuit idem episcopus omne’ decimam omnium
rerum ad opus monachorm suoru’ . quam
et dedit illis ęternalit’ possidendam;
[ ]cotlandus de ęscedene . seputas a nobis honorifice
tribus filius ei’ sub breui tempore defuncus . uenit in
caplin nrin cum uxore sua et plibus amicus suis . et
dedit nobis in ętuii’ possidendam quandam terram uxta
murum umeę nre’ ad orientalem plaga’ solida’ et
quieta’ ab omnium censu et consuetudine . excepto qd’
quando ciuitas scotabit decem libras tune et
nos scotabim’ p’ ipsa terra ad idem scotu’ tres denarios. Ipse autem et heredes ei’ acq’etebunt ea’ cum cęt’o feudo
suo qd’ tenent de heltone erga ipsu’ heltonem et
hęredes ei’ . De q’da q’q; prato qd’ [ ] Stephanus

202v

filius goduini tenebat de illo unde habebat singulis
annis sedecima denarios . octo denarios concessit nobis.
qa’ ahof[?] octo ante dederat hospitali domui infir-
moru’ Pretea’ quia plimo tempore et suo et patris sin
haberani’ decima’ sua; de annona tantum : ipsa die
nobis concessit et super altare cum memoratis donis posuit
tune et deinceps in perpetuum totam decimas sua’ sicut
de annona ita et de itulis et agnis et porcellis. Has donationes dedit nobis pro anima sue et coniugis
suę . et patris et matris suę . et liberorum fuorum.

Translation

Richard Bellus and Ernulf of Strood with their uxoribus received the company of the nram and gave us all their tithes also of the movable money and the fence.

Godingus de Hou died in sickness among his company, which he ordered and distributed. in spite of his wife and children; of his friends who were feeling sorry for him. He granted us four hundred solids every year. What was his gift to him, his wife Cristina put with a knife on the altar of Saint Andrew, and in the year of all these very solidos. On the day of the feast of Saint Paulinus, he decreed that the heirs of himself and his heirs should be returned in perpetuity and placed on the altar.

In the same way, Hugh, brother of Goding himself, on the festival itself, granted two shillings to be given by faith and to his heirs.

Fulco, the son of Hugh of Niwweham, entered into partnership with his wife, he granted to us, in the presence of his wife, ten solidos every year on the feast of Saint Michael, which Alexander and his heirs will give him from the land of Blecemere. just as they had to give the land itself to the Hugos for individual years. What if Alexander himself had no heirs? that she was not able to hold the land because she did not want to: I will have the land instead of the ten solidi that was given to all the census.

Randulf the constable, ten of the land he holds: he gives us eight shillings a year at the mid-forties.

Hugh de stochers gives us for a year the tithe of which he holds five shillings for the feast of Saint Andrew and 5 at Easter

Of Aslingham, the land of Saint Andrew. Which Bishop Gundulf gave to Goiffrid Talebot. The same bishop retained every tithe of all things for the work of the nuns. Which he gave them to possess eternally; [ ]Cotland of Escedene buried by us with the honor of his son, who was buried in a short time, he came to Caplin with his wife and many of his friends, and he gave us a certain piece of land to be possessed in Ætuii, near the wall of the ume, on the eastern side, solid, and that which was according to the census and custom of all. except that when the city will collect ten pounds then and we will collect from the land three pennies at the same price. But he and his heirs shall receive it with his own fee, which they hold from the helton to himself, the helton and his heirs. About what gives what; the meadow which [ ] Stephen the son of Goduin held of it, from which he had every year sixteenth of denarii, he gave us eight pence, qa' ahof[?] had given eight weeks before to the hospital for the sick at Pretea's house, q'a prime time, both his own and his father's without Haberani's tithe; of the allotment: he granted it to us on the same day and placed on the altar with the mentioned gifts then and thereafter forever his whole tithe, as well as of the allotment and of the goats and lambs and piglets.

He gave us these gifts for his soul and for his spouse, and his father and mother, and the children of the children.

Offices and masses for monastic houses in confraternity with St Andrew’s Priory, Rochester, c.1123

A list of services to be said for members of monastic houses in confraternity with Rochester. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 222r-223v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Unusually, it begins with a green-with-red-dots display initial.

Transcription

222r (select folio number to open facsimile)

Quid pro defunctis sociis nostris facere
debemus. Pro monachis
ęcclesię christi cantuarię, vii. offi-
cia plenaria, et xxx. diebus uerba mea, et
unusquisque sacerdos vii. missas, alii psalmos.
Pro monachis sancti augustini anglorum apostoli
tria officia in conuentu. Pro sanctimonialibus de mellingis, quantum pro monacho
ęcclesię christi cantuarię. Pro monachis sancti martini be bello, iii.a officia
in conuentu sine uerba mea, et unusquisque frater vii.
missas, alii psalmos, pauperes tres reficiantur
una die. Pro fratribus bermund>esiensibus, tria officia in
conuentu, unusquisque sacerdos unam missam, alii
L. psalmos, pauperes iii. reficiantur una die. Pro monachis sancti petri uuestmonasterii, iii.a
officia in conuentu, unusquisque sacerdos i. missam,

222v

et alii L. psalmos. Pro monachis sancti iohannis colecestrię, iii.a offi-
cia in conuentu, quisque sacerdos unam missam,
alii L. psalmos. Pro monachis sancti eadmundi, iii.a officia in con-
uentu, quisque autem sacerdos vii. missas, alii
psalmos, pauperes tres reficientur die una, uer-
ba mea non dicatur. Pro monachis eliensibus, quantum et pro mona-
chis sancti eadmundi facimus in conuentu et extra. Pro monachis sancte trinitatis noruuicensis
cenobii, vii. officia plenaria, et xxx.a die-
bus uerba mea, unusquisque sacerdos vii. mis-
sas, alii psalmos. Pro monachis sancti albani, vii. officia plenari-
a, et xxx.a diebus uerba mea, et unusquisque sa-
cerdos tres missas, alii psalterium unum. Pro monachis de egnesham, vii. officia in
conuentu, et xxx.a diebus uerba mea, et unus-
quisque sacerdos iii. missas, alii psalmos. Pro monachis sancti petri de batha, iii.a officia
in conuentu, et xxx.a diebus uerba mea, quisque
sacerdos iii. missas, alii psalmos. Pro monachis sanctę marię de malmesberia,

223r

tres missas in conuentu, quisque sacerdos iii. mis-
sas, alii psalmos. Pro episcopo autem nostro ipsi facient
vii. officia in conuentu, et xxx.a diebus uerba
mea, quisque sacerdos iii. missas, alii psalmos, et
nos itidem pro abbate ipsorum. Pro fratribus ęcclesię sancti petri gloacensis, vii. plena-
ria officia in conuentu, et xxx.a diebus uerba
mea, quisque sacerdos iii. missas, alii psalmos. Fratribus rofensis ęcclesię debent Wincelcumben-
ses unusquisque priuatam unam missam, in conuentu uero
tria officia plenaria, panis et potus uno tantum
die dabitur. Pro monachis tethochensibus, vii. officia in con-
uentu. Pro episcopo autem nostro illi vii. officia et xxx.a
diebus uerba mea, et nos itidem pro abbate ipsorum.
Pro monachis Wigornensis ęcclesię, iii.a plenaria
officia in conuentu. Et pro episcopo utroque, et pro
magistro priore, vii. officia plenaria in con-
uentu, et xxx.a diebus uerba mea. Fratribus ęcclesię rofensis debent persorenses vii.
plena officia in conuentu, et unusquisque frater
iii. missas, alii psalterium unum. Pro monachis de abbendune, vii. officia in con-
uentu, et xxx.a diebus uerba mea, et unusquisque

223v

sacerdos iii. missas, alii psalterium unum.
Pro monacho beccensi, iii.a officia in conuentu,
et xxx.a diebus uerba mea, singuli tres missas,
et alii psalterium unum. Pro monachis sanctę trinitatis fiscanni, iii.a offi-
cia in conuentu, quisque frater vii. missas, alii psal-
mos, uerba mea non dicatur. Similiter et pro monachis sancti audeni rotoma-
gensis cenobii. Pro monachis sancti martini sagii, agimus iii.a of-
ficia in conuentu cum breuis inde aduene-
rit. Siue autem breuem habuerimus siue non, u-
noquoque anno iii.a officia in conuentu post
octauas pentecostes. Similiter et pro monachis sancti martini
troarni. Similiter et pro monachis sancti petri
pratellis. Similiter et pro monachis sancti taurini
ebroicensis. Pro monachis milidunensibus, iii.a officia
in conuentu.

Translation

See Translation Notes

That which must be done for our deceased members:

For the monks of Christchurch in Canterbury, seven full services, and 30 days my word, and every priest seven sacred masses, and other psalms.

For the monks of Saint Augustine, the apostle of the English, three services in the community.

For the nuns of Malling, as much as for the monks of Churchchurch at Canterbury.

For the monks of Saint Martin of the Bellouse, three services in the community without my word, and each brother seven masses, other psalms, and the poor should be served three times each day.

For the brothers of Bermondsey[?], three offices in the convent, each priest one mass, others fifty psalms, restoration for the poor three times on one day.

For the monks of Saint Peter's in Westminster, three services in the community, each priest one mass, and fifty psalms.

For the monks of Saint John's Church, three services in the community, each priest says one mass, and fifty psalms.

For the monks of Saint Edmund, three services in the community, and every priest 7 masses, other psalms, and the poor will be fed three times on one day,

For the exiled monks, we do as much as for the monks of Saint Eadmund in the community and outside.

For the monks of the Holy Trinity at Norwich monastery, seven full services, and 30 days of my word, every priest 7 masses,

For the monks of Saint Albans, 7 full services, and 30 days my word, and each priest three masses, and one psalm.

For the monks of Egnesham, 7 services in the community, and 30 days my word, and every priest 3 masses, and other psalms.

For the monks of Saint Peter of Bath, three services in the community, and 30 days my word, every priest 3 masses, and a psalm.

For the monks of Saint Mary of Malmesbury, three masses in the community, each priest three masses, and other psalms. But for our bishop they themselves will do the 7 services in the community, and 30 days my word, every priest three masses, other psalms, and we likewise do this for their abbot.

For the brethren of the Church of Saint Peter in Gloucester, 7 full services in the convent, and 30 days my word, every priest 3 masses, and other psalms.

The brothers of the church of Rochester owe the people of Wincelcumbens[?] one private mass each, during three full services. Bread and drink will be given on one day only.

For the monks of Tethochens[?], 7 services in the community. But they perform for our bishop seven services and 30 days my word, and we likewise for their abbot.

For the monks of the church in Wigorn, 3 full services in the community. And for both bishops, and for the previous teacher, seven full services in the community, and thirty days my word.

The brethren of the church of Rome owe the Persorenses[?] seven full services in the community, and each brother three masses, and one other psalm.

For the monks of Abbendune, 7 services in the community, and 30 days my word, and every priest three masses, and one other psalm.

For the monks of Bec, three offices in the community, and 30 days my word, each three masses, and one psalm.

For the monks of the holy trinity of Fiscan, three services in the community, for each brother seven masses, other psalms. My word is not said.

Likewise for the monks of the monastery of Saint Auden of Rotomagen[?].

For the monks of Saint Martin the Wise, we perform the three services in the community with the brethren arrived from there. And whether we have brethren or not, in each year three services in the community after the eighth Pentecost.

Likewise for the monks of Saint Martin in Troy.

Likewise for the monks of Saint Peter's Pratel[?].

Likewise for the monks of Saint Taurine in York.

For the monks of Milidun[?], three services in the community.

Records of Knights/Soldiers of the Rochester episcopate, c.1340

Record of knights/soldiers of the episcopate. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 217r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Scribal note: This is not written by the original scribe.

Transcription

217r (select folio number to open facsimile)

De numero militum huic episcopatus
Goffridus talebot .i. militem. Hesto .i. militem.
Godefridus de falcheham .ii. militem. Si-
mon dimidium militem. Rannulfus constabularius
dimiduim militem. Hugo de stoches dimiduim
militem. Margarita dimiduim militem. Willelmi de
meidestane dimiduim militem. Hugo fr’ ei’ dimi-
dium militem. Geroldus fili feran de lameha
dimiduim militem. Willelmi camerarius dimiduim militem.
Gicardus de hedenham debet .iii. partes
uni militem. Osmundus .iii. partes. Gerardus de
stanis .iiii. partes militem. Rogerus de derenteford
.iiii. partem militem. Gerardus de giselham .ii. par-
tes militem. Et Radulfus brutin. terciam. Rodbertus
de uuldeham .iiii. partem miltus. Turstinus de
hallingis .iiii. partem militem. Adam .iiii. par-
tes militem. Inter Willelm de buneuesca. Et Ro[d]bertus;
nepotem .iii. partem militem ita quod Wills
faciet .iii. partes et rodbertus .iiii. Paganus
filius Warin .iiii. partes militem. Tidboldus de
e[a]stuna .i. militem. Wlfgeat de bromlega
.vi. partes militem. Rogeri harag’ .viii.
partem militis.

Translation

Concerning the number of soldiers of the episcopate:

Gosfrid Talebot, one soldier.
Hesto, one soldier.
Godfrey of Falkenham, two soldiers.
Simon, half a solider.
Randulf the constable, half a soldier.
Hugo of Stoke, half a soldier.
Margaret half a soldier.
William of Maidstone, half a soldier.
Hugo fr’ ei’ half a soldier.
Gerald the son of Feran of Lenham[?], Half a soldier.
William the chamberlain, half a soldier.
Richard of Haddenham has three quarters of one soldier.
Osmund, three quarters.
Gerard of Stanis[?], four parts.
Roger of Darenth, four parts of a soldier.
Gerard of Giselham, two parts of a soldier.
And Ralph Brutin[?] the third.
Robert of Wouldham, four parts of a soldier.
Turstin of Halling, four parts of a soldier.
Adam, four parts of a soldier.
Between William of Buneuesca[?], and Robert his grandchild[?], three parts of a soldier so that Wills will make three parts and Robert four.
Paganus, son of Warin, four parts of a soldier.
Theobald of Estuna, one soldier.
Wlfgeat of Bromley, Four parts of a soldier.
Roger Harag’, eight parts of a soldier.

List of grants to Rochester Cathedral from the foundation to Henry I

List of grants to St Andrew’s Church at Rochester, from the time of the foundation by King Æthelberht to Henry I, 604-1100. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folio 177r-178r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Transcription

177r (select folio number to open facsimile)

ANno ab incarnatione domini Sexientesi-

mo. Rex Athelbertus fundaunt eccle-

siam sancti andree apostoli roffensi et dedit ei. Preste-

feld . et omniem terram que est a meduwaie usque

ad orientalem postam cantaur in australi perte

et alias terras extra murum ciuitatis uersus

pertem aquilonalem.

Anno ab incarnatione domini septingesimo . xxx . viii .

Eadbertus Rex cantie dedit ecclesie sancti andree

Stokes. Et anno ab incarnatione domini. Septin-

gentisimo . lxiiii . Offa rex mertiorum et Sige-

redus rex cantie dederuit Frendesberiam.

Esclingham et Wicham. Item rex offa et

Ecbertus dederunt bromheie. Item rex offa

dedit Trottescliue. Et Ck enulfus[?]

rex merciorum dedit Borchstalle.

Anno ab incarnatione domini. Octingensimo . xxxviii .

Ecbertus Rex Westsaxonum et Cantuariorum

dedit eccliae sancti magnas libertates

et ista maneria. hallinges et Snodilande.

Athelwlfus rex filius Egberti regis. dedit

Cuckelestane. et holenberghe.

Eadmundus rex anglorum dedit Mallinges.

Quidam potensis[?] nomine Brichricus cum

177v

uxore sue Ciffwicha dederunt. Dantuna.

et langefeld. falchenham et darente. quod

manerium quomodo ad archiepiscopatum

peruenerit ignoratur. Et Eadgarus rex

anglorum dedit Bromlega. Athelredus

rex anglorum dedit Wldeham et litlebroc

Stantune et hiltune. Scil’ . xv . mansas ter-

rarum. Et Willelmus primus rex anglorum

reddidit has terras Roffensi ecclesie a principibus

in iuste ablatas. Stokes uidelicet et Dennintu-

na et Falchenham. Preterea inter cetera bona

magna que eidem ecclesie in uita sue fecit

imminente articulo mortis sue. centum

libras ei dedit et tunicam propriam regale,

et cornu eburneum. et alia plura ornamen-

ta. Et Willelmi Rex filius eisdem. dedit lam-

theham et hedenham ad uictum monachorum

qui quide’ concessit libertates quas ecclesia

Roffensis huc usque obtinuit . et sua carta con-

firmauit omnium perdictorum dona. Et No-

bilissimus Rex henricus multa bona contu-

lit. Scilicet ecclesias de boxle. de Gillefford.

derenteford. Suttune. cum capellis de Wil-

mintune et de kingesdune. Item ecclesias de

178r

chiselherste et de Wlewich. Item decimas

de strodes . et de chealkes. et alia multa.

Translation

In the year of our Lord's Incarnation six hundred, King Athelbert founded the Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle of Rochester and dedicated it. Priestfields, and all the land which is from the Medway to the east part of Kent in the south and all the land outside the walls… pertaining to aquilonalem. In the year of our Lord's incarnation xxx viii. Eadbert King of Kent gave to the church of Saint Andrew Stoke. And in the year of the Lord's incarnation. Seven hundredth lxiiii Offa, King of the Mercians, and Sigered, king of Cante, surrendered Frindsbury. Esclingham and Wicham. Also the king Offa and Ecbertus gave bromhei. Again the king gave Trottescliue a shot. And Ck enulfus [?] the king gave goods to Borstal. A year from the Lord's incarnation. Eighteenth xxxviii Ecbert, King of the West Saxons and Canterbury, gave great liberties and these manors to the holy church, Halling and Snodland. King Athelwulf, son of King Egbert, gave Cucclestone, and Hollingbourne. Edmund, king of the English, gave Malling. A certain power [?] named Brichricus and his wife gave Ciffwicha. Denton, and Langefeld, Falchenham and the manor. And Eadgar, King of the English, gave Bromleg. Athelred, King of the English, gave Wldeham and litlebroc to Stantune and Hiltune. 15 shillings, mansa of land. And William the first king of the English restored these lands to the Church of Roffen, which had been justly taken away by the princes. Stokes will see both Dennington and Falkenham. Moreover, among the other great goods which he did to the same church during his life, at the imminent moment of his death. He gave him a hundred pounds, and a royal coat, and an ivory horn. and many other ornaments. And King William the son of the same. He gave Lamtheham and Hedenham to the slaughter of the monks who had granted the liberties which the Church of Rochester had hitherto obtained. and by his charter he confirmed the gifts of all the lost. And the most noble King Henry brought many goods. Of course the churches of the Boxley. of Gillefford. Derenteford. Suttune with the chapels of Wilmintune and Kingsdune. Also the churches of Chiselherst and Wlewich. Likewise, the tithes of Strood, and of chealkes, and many other things.

Henry I's commemoration of the feast of St Paulinus

Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folio 187v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Transcription

187v (select folio number to open facsimile)

De feria sancti paulini. Henricus rex anglorum, Anselmo archiepiscopo,
et haimoni uicecomiti, et omnibus hominibus de cænt,
et omnibus baronibus suis totius anglię, salutem. Scia-
tis me dedisse et concessisse ęcclesię sancti andreę
apostoli, et sancti paulini confessoris, et episcopo Gundulfo
et monachis eiusdem ęcclesię, unam feriam omni
anno celebrandam duobus integris diebus in ci-
uitate rouecestra, id est ipsa die festiuita-
tis sancti paulini, et priori die ante ipsam festi-
uitatem, et totum theloneum quod inde eueniet
quietum cum omnibus consuetudinibus feriae tam
extra ciuitatem quam infra, in honorem praedictę
ęcclesię et ipsorum sanctorum. Testibus, Willelmo de Wereluuast,
et eudone dapifero, et haimone dapifero, et Willelmo peurel, et
haimone peuerel.

Translation

Concerning the feast of Saint Paulinus:

Henry, king of the English, to Anselm the archbishop, and Hamo the sheriff, and to all the men of the church, and to all his barons of the whole of England, greetings. Know that I have given and granted to the church of Saint Andrew the Apostle, and Saint Paulinus holy confessor, and Bishop Gundulf and the monks of the same church, one holiday to be celebrated every year for two days in the City of Rochester, that is, on the very day of the feast of Saint Paulinus, and the first day before the festival, and the whole toll which will result in peace with all the customs of the holiday both outside the city and within, in honor of the aforesaid church and their saints. Witnessed by: William of Werelwast, and Eudone the chief steward, and Hamo Dapifer, and William Peverel, and Hamo Peverel.

Bishop Gundulf builds Rochester Castle for the king in return for the manor of Haddenhamc.1108-c.1114 AD

William II confirms Archbishop Lanfranc’s grant of Haddenham, Buckinghamshire, to St Andrew’s Priory, Rochester, for which in return Bishop Gundulf builds Rochester Castle. From Textus Roffensis, folios 173r-174v; edited and translated by Dr Christopher Monk, 2022.¹

See general notes on editing and translation

Introduction

The manor of Haddenham in Buckinghamshire was the largest and single most important estate belonging to the monks of St Andrew’s Priory at Rochester. It produced rents, both monetary and food, which significantly contributed to the sustenance of the monks.

This record is a narrative account of King William II, also known as William Rufus, confirming Archbishop Lanfranc’s gift of Haddenham to St Andrew’s Priory. It is not, then, the royal act itself but rather a piece of, what we might call, reinforcing storytelling, a rehearsing of events known to the monks, events which bore directly on their livelihood and physical wellbeing.

Professor Richard Sharpe, in his excellent essay on this ‘Haddenham narrative’, explains the significance of this document:

If this were a tendentious story to justify the monks’ holding Haddenham, it is curiously off the point. It does nothing to establish either that Lanfranc was entitled to alienate [i.e. transfer the legal title to another] or even that the king confirmed the gift. And it has no value as evidence. It is, rather, a story from the collective memory of the community, a story that makes the wall of the castle, so visible from the cathedral priory, a tangible proof of the price they had paid for the king’s confirmation. What Gundulf got in return was security for the monks’ possession of Haddenham. (Sharpe, p. 377.)

William the Conqueror had previously granted Haddenham to Lanfranc. Lanfranc’s ownership is confirmed by the entry for Haddenham in Domesday Book.² We might at first think that this meant Lanfranc was free to dispose of the manor as he saw fit, but the story shows this was unlikely, as it points out that the king had granted it to him in uita sua tantum, ‘only in his lifetime’, evidently meaning the lifetime of Lanfranc rather than the king’s lifetime.

Intriguingly, a subsequent reviser attempted to score out the phrase in vita sua (‘in his lifetime’), as if to reinforce the idea that Lanfranc had the right to transfer the manor; though, in doing this, all he was doing was confusing the story. However, in the early fourteenth century the Domesday record was copied and added into another of Rochester’s books, Custumale Roffense (c.1235),³ suggesting there may have been a continuing uneasiness on the part of the monks over this particular aspect of the narrative details.

The relevant point is, nevertheless, that the new king evidently objected to the easy transference of the manor to the monks and, it being unwise to gainsay William Rufus, it must have been thought more pragmatic to gain his consent, though at a cost. Sharpe observes that the end of the story makes it clear that Gundulf and Lanfranc ‘wanted the king to change the terms of tenure, so that the monks should hold the gift for ever, not merely until Lanfranc died’. In other words, William was being asked to give up the reversion of Haddenham to the Crown upon Lanfranc’s demise (Sharpe, p. 374). The story tells us that the price for this, after negotiation, was Gundulf’s building of Rochester Castle.

Connection to charters

Though not a charter itself, this narrative record is connected directly to two charters. These are Archbishop Lanfranc’s deed granting Haddenham to the Rochester monks, which is the only authentic surviving charter in his name (Sharpe, p. 364), and which is copied into the fourteenth-century cartulary known as Registrum Temporalium;⁴ and the charter of confirmation of this grant by William II, which is preserved in Textus Roffensis. You can read the text and translation of this second charter here.

Lanfranc’s grant states that the manor is ad uictum monachorum ‘for the living of the monks’. It also notes that it was given to him pro anima defuncti regis Willemi, qui michi hoc dedit, et pro anima regis W. filii eius et pro mea ‘for the soul of the deceased king William, who gave this to me, and for the soul of king W[illiam] his son, and for mine’ (Brett & Gribbin, p. 8).

The second charter, running from the bottom of folio 212r to halfway down 213r of Textus Roffensis, is addressed ‘to the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls and all the barons in the kingdom of the English’. It has, as Sharpe notes, a quite remarkable witness list which includes the king, Lanfranc, Archbishop Thomas of York (r.1070-1100), five other bishops, the king’s brother Henry (the future Henry I), Philip, the son of the Count of Flanders, Alan, Count of Rennes, three earls, and seven other important laymen. The presence of Henry means we can date the charter to the summer of 1088 (Sharpe, p. 365).

On folio 213r of Textus Roffensis, this charter is followed by Lanfranc’s own sanction of William’s confirmation, though this was not the work of the main scribe but appears on a replacement folio.⁵ Sharpe sees no reason, however, to doubt its authenticity (Sharpe, p. 365, note 5).

One further document concerning Haddenham is also preserved in Textus Roffensis. Following on from the previous item, an act by Gundulf, addressed to the shire court of Buckinghamshire, records a subsidiary adjustment to holdings in Haddenham in favour of the monks (Sharpe, p. 365, including note 6).

The narrator

The events described in this narrative relate to the year 1088, when Lanfranc and Gundulf sought royal confirmation of the Haddenham gift. The narrator is not necessarily contemporary with the making of Textus Roffensis, the principal scribe of which was writing around 1123. The composition of the narrative was clearly after the bishop had died, since the phrase beatę memorie ‘of blessed memory’ is used of Gundulf. Sharpe suggests it may have been written ‘during the five-year vacancy in the archbishopric that followed Anselm’s death in April 1109’, which suggests a narrator-monk who very likely knew Gundulf (Sharpe, pp. 368 and 377). We might then give a date of the composition of this record of between 1109 and 1114, though it may have been a few years later.

Despite what might be understood as a fictionalising of some of the detail within the narration – Sharpe points to several instances where ‘the narrator did not really understand the character of the negotiations’ at court (Sharpe, p. 377) – this record in Textus Roffensis is a remarkable witness to the procedures of business that lay behind many royal acts of the Anglo-Norman kings (Sharpe, p. 382).

Transcription

173r (select folio number to open facsimile)

Quomodo Willelmus rex filius Willelmi regis
rogatu Lanfranci archiepiscopi concessit
et confirmauit Rofensi ęcclesię sancti ANDReę
apostoli ad uictum monachorum manerium nomine
Hedenham, quare Gundulfus episcopus castrum
Rofense lapideum totum de suo pro-
prio regi[s] construxit. _Aliud⁶ quoque beatę memorię gundulfus
episcopus non minus memorabile illis contu-
lit beneficium, sed omni potius omnibus seculis uentu-
ris dignum ueneratione. Castrum et enim
quod situm est in pulchriori parte ciuitatis
hrouecestrę pro regia concessione illius doni quod
sepedictus archiepiscopus praedictę ęcclesię ad uictum
monachorum disposuerat dare manerium ui-
delicet quod situm est in comitatu de bucin-
geham nomine hedenham,⁷ non enim aliter ut
ratum permaneret ipsi ęcclesię illud absque regis

173v

concessione potuit dare, quia pater regis illud
dederat archiepiscopo ( )⁸ tantum ut sul-
limatus fuit in archiepiscopio. Vnde uuil-
lelmo filio eius ipsum patrem succedente in re-
gno ab archiepiscopo et episcopo de eiusdem manerii
concessione requisitus, respondit centum libras
denariorum habere se uelle pro ipsa concessione.
Quod postquam archiepiscopus et episcopus simul audie-
runt, consternati ualde pariter responde-
runt, illam tantam pecuniam neque tunc in promtu
sese habere, nec etiam unde eam acquirere
potuissent sese scire. Duobus autem amicis u-
trique parte fauentibus, Rodberto uidelicet fi-
lio haimonis, et henrico comite de uuar-
uuic, hinc regium honorem et integram eius ob-
seruantibus uoluntatem, hinc uero amicitiae
fauorem et pro dei amore ęcclesię praedictę mag-
nificum ac profuturum honorem, regi consulu-
erunt quatinus pro pecunia quam pro concessione
manerii exigebat, episcopus gundulfus quia in
opere cementarii plurimum sciens et efficax
erat,⁹ castrum sibi hrofense lapideum de suo
construeret. Quod ubi archiepiscopo et episcopo in-
notuit, tunc proculdubio magis consternati

174r

dixerunt, et regię concessioni ex toto sese¹⁰ abnu-
ere, etiam et ipsum manerium in profundo maris
potius situm iri malle, quam prędictam ęcclesiam
sancti andreę futuris temporibus regiis exacti-
onibus mancipari debere. Nam quotienscunque
quilibet ex infortunio aliquo casu in castro
illo contingeret aut infractione muri, aut
fissura maceriei, id protinus ab episcopo uel ęcclesia
exigeretur usu reficiendum assiduo. Sicque episcopus
et ęcclesia futuri seculi temporibus omnibus, summa
districtione regię summitteretur exactioni. Isto itaque metu perterritus uterque, absit hoc a me
inquit archiepiscopus, absit quoque a me inquit et episcopus. Responsum hoc audiens¹¹ comes henricus, quasi modestę
stimulis irę commotus honestatis dans concito
fremitus, inquit, Hactenus mea ęstimatione
ratus sum archiepiscopum Lanfrancum unum ex uiris
uniuersi orbis extitisse sapientissimis, nunc
autem nec insipientem quod absit esse dico, neque illa
quidem qua dudum sapientia callebat in presentiarum uigere¹²
ullatenus¹³ asserere audeo. Quid enim grauedinis
inquit in hoc est, castrum ad ultimum maius
pro xL libris¹⁴ ad uoluntatem regis facere, fa-
ctum uero comiti uel uicecomiti comitatus seu aliis

174v

etiam quibus regi placuerit monstrare, mon-
stratum et ex omni parte integrum liberare, se-
mel uero liberato sese penitus expedire, nec unquam
ulterius inde se intromittere, nec etiam eo
respicere? Ad hoc, regem¹⁵ aduersus episcopum
uel ęcclesiam futurę seruitutis occasionem nul-
latenus quęrere, immo potius eos ab omni ser-
uitute liberare, atque sicut regem decebat
pro dei timore et seculi honore in summa libertate
eos conseruare uelle. His ergo et aliis nonnullis
huiuscemodi rationibus, tandem acquieuit
archiepiscopus. Igitur hoc pacto coram >rege< inito, fecit
castrum gundulfus episcopus de suo ex integro
totum, costamine ut reor Lx. librarum. Quod
quam diu in seculo subsistere poterit, pro gun-
dulfo episcopo manifesto indicio quasi loquens
erit, ęternum quidem illi ferens testimonium
quod manerium hedenham¹⁶ ęcclesię et mona-
chis sancti andreę ab omni exactione et ca-
lumnia regis et omnium hominum permane-
bit liberrimum et quietissimum in secula seculorum.¹⁷

Translation

How King William,¹⁸ son of William the king,¹⁹ at the request of Archbishop Lanfranc,²⁰ granted and confirmed the manor named Haddenham as the living of the monks of the Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle, for which Bishop Gundulf built Rochester Castle, completely of stone, by his own means, for the king.

Bishop Gundulf of blessed memory also brought another benefit, for them no less memorable but all the more worthy of veneration, for all ages to come. A castle – indeed! – which is situated in the more beautiful part of the city of Rochester, in return for the royal grant of that gift which the aforesaid archbishop had arranged to give for the livelihood of the monks of the aforesaid church, that is to say, the manor named Haddenham which is situated in the shire of Buckingham. For he could not otherwise have given it to the church, in a way that it would remain authorised, without the king’s consent, because the father of the king had given it to the archbishop only [for his lifetime],²¹ when he was elevated to the archbishopric; after which, William his son, on succeeding his father in the kingdom, was asked by the archbishop and bishop for the grant of the same manor. He answered that he would want to have one hundred pounds sterling for this very grant.

After the archbishop and bishop had together heard this, equally greatly dismayed, they answered that they neither had such an amount of money ready to hand nor indeed knew from where they would be able to acquire it. However, they consulted with two of the king’s counsellors, supporters of both sides, namely Robert fitz Haimo,²² and Earl Henry of Warwick²³ – on the one hand observing the honour and complete will of the king; on the other, indeed, observing the favour of friendship and, for the love of God, the magnificent and future honour of the aforesaid church – concerning whether instead of the money to the king, which was required for the granting of the manor, bishop Gundulf, seeing as he was in masonry work the greatest in understanding and the ablest, might from his own means build a stone castle for him in Rochester.

When this was made known to the archbishop and bishop, then they said, no doubt more appalled, that they refused the royal grant altogether, and, furthermore, would rather wish this very manor be allowed to go into the depths of the sea than that the aforementioned church of Saint Andrew should be surrendered to royal exactions for the future.

For whenever, from some misfortune, something should happen to the castle, either by weakening of the wall or splitting of masonry, it would immediately be demanded of the bishop and the church that it should diligently be repaired. Thus the bishop and the church at all times in the future would be subjected to utmost severity to meet royal demands.

And, therefore, both were terrified by this dread: “Far be this from me”, said the archbishop, and “Far be this from me also”, said the bishop.

Hearing this response, Earl Henry, stirred as if by spurs of restrained anger and wakened by honour, suddenly emitting roars, said:

Until now, by my estimation, I have regarded Archbishop Lanfranc to have been one of the wisest of men in the whole world; now, however, I do not say that he is foolish – far from it – but nor, indeed, dare I assert that the wisdom with which he had formerly been endowed is at this moment flourishing in every respect.

Indeed, one must ask, what is burdensome in this: to build, at the will of the king, a castle for, at the very most, 40 pounds; in truth, to show the deed to the earl or the sheriff of the country or to others, if it pleased the king, and having shown it to be complete on every side, deliver it; and once delivered, to set oneself completely free, never to deal with it or even to look back at it?

Further, the king would not in any way seek against the bishop or the church an occasion for future obligation. On the contrary, it is preferable to liberate them from every servitude; moreover, as a king it is fitting, for the fear of God and the honour of the world, to wish to keep them in the highest degree of liberty.

Well, with these and several other reasonings of this sort, the archbishop finally acquiesced. Consequently, by this agreement, entered upon in the presence of the king, bishop Gundulf made the castle out of all that he had, at the cost, I believe, of sixty pounds.

For as long as it will stand in the world, it will be clear proof on behalf of Bishop Gundulf, as if he were speaking, indeed, bearing eternal witness that the manor of Haddenham will continue to belong to the church and the monks of Saint Andrew, completely free and completely quit of all exactions and claims of the king and of all persons, for ever and ever.

Cited Works

Brett, Martin & Joseph Gribbin (eds.), English Episcopal Acta 28, Canterbury, 1070-1136 (Oxford University Press, 2004).

Sharpe, Richard, ‘Doing Business with William Rufus: The Haddenham Narrative’, in Textus Roffensis: Law, Language, and Libraries in Early Medieval England, ed. Bruce O’Brien and Barbara Bombi (Brepols, 2015).

Footnotes

1 My grateful thanks to Elise Fleming for proofreading the English text. Any errors remain my own.

2 See the entry for Haddenham in Open Domesday [accessed 23 August 2022].

3 The digitised facsimile of Custumale Roffense is available online [accessed 23 August 2022]. The Domesday document is written in a probably fourteenth-century hand, and is thus a later insertion into the book, the majority of which was penned around 1235.

4 Also called Liber Temporalium.

5 The replacement folio also meant that the second half of the witnesses’ signatures had to be recopied. The hand, though not that of the main scribe, is nevertheless roughly contemporary with it, I would suggest.

6 In the left margin, before the green letter A, there is a so-called gallows-pole, or a Greek letter gamma; in the right margin, there is a manicule, a pointing finger, beside gundulfus. These are likely later marks, though still medieval, intended to draw attention to the document.

7 The spelling has been altered from hederham to hedenham. This is suggestive of the document being read at a later stage by a monk who wished, perhaps through caution or nervousness, to modify the name of the manor to what was apparently the current spelling of his time.

8 Text has been erased but it is still just about visible; Richard Sharpe gives it as in vita sua.

9 episcopus… erat, underlined by a later hand.

10 The letters se have been inserted above the line.

11 audiens has been inserted above the line over the word comes.

12 ŭ uigere is appended in the margin.

13 ull is appended in the margin.

14 The letter a has been partly erased and replaced by i which is inserted above.

15 The scribe has left a space after regem but for what purpose is unclear.

16 Spelling altered, probably from ‘Hederham’.

17 The letters at the end of seculorum are stretched in the manuscript.

18 I.e. William II, aka William Rufus (r. 1087-1100).

19 I.e. William I, aka William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1087).

20 Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury (r.1070–89), appointed by William I.

21 ‘only [for his lifetime]’, translating ‘[in vita sua] tantum’; a reviser had attempted to erase ‘in vita sua’ but it is still visible; see Sharpe, pp. 373-34.

22 Also often spelt Robert Fitzhamon (d. 1107). He was the son of Haimo, sheriff of Kent, and one of the king’s household stewards (Sharpe, p. 376).

23 Henry de Beaumont, earl of Warwick from 1088 to 1119.

Election of Avice as the first Abbess of Malling, b.1180

Transcription

Transcription and translation by Dr Christopher Monk

198r (select folio number to open facsimile)

De subiectione et fidelitate abbatissę de Mellingis. _Die illa qua Gundulfus Rofensis
episcopus abbatiam de Mellingis dedit
sanctimoniali Avitię, eadem sanctimoni-
alis eidem episcopo, eiusque successoribus, et sanctę Ro-
fensi ęcclesię, iurauit fidelitatem, et subie-
ctionem, et quia nec per se, nec per aliam perso-
nam, praedictam subiectionem dissoluere tempta-
ret. Hoc autem facto sacramento, praedicta
Auitia episcopo firma et stabili conuentione
promisit, quia sine eius consilio et licentia,
in abbatia sibi data, priorem nec poneret nec
deponeret, nec ullam sanctimonialem reciperet
nec terram inde daret uel auferret. Huius
rei testes fuerunt isti audientes et ui-
dentes: Radulfus abbas belli, Orduuinus
prior, Paulinus secretarius, Alueredus, An-
dreas medicus, Arnulfus capellanus episcopi, Johannes, Goisfridus, Albericus, Odo, Berin-
garius, Willelmus subprior, Hunfridus, Ernegri-
nus, Hugo nepos episcopi, Willelmus iuuenis, Radulfus clericus, Ansfridus clericus, Godar-
dus clericus, Rodbertus camerarius, Hugo came-
rarius, Ansfridus dapifer, Hunfridus porta-

198v

rius, et alii plures.

Translation

See Translation Notes

Concerning the subjection and fidelity of the abbess of Malling

On the day when Gundulf, bishop of Rochester, gave the abbey of Malling to the nun Avice, the very same nun swore fidelity and subjection to the very same bishop, his successors, and the holy church of Rochester, because she would not be persuaded, either by him or by another person, to dissolve the aforesaid subjection. Moreover, with this oath made, the aforementioned Avice promised to the bishop, by firm and stable covenant, that without his counsel and authority having been given to her in the abbey, she might neither appoint nor depose a prioress, nor accept any nun, nor grant or obtain any land thenceforth.

These were the witnesses, hearing and considering the matter: Ralf the excellent abbot; Ordwin the prior; Paul the secretary; Alfred; Andrew the doctor; Arnulf the bishop’s chaplain; John; Geoffrey; Albert; Odo; Bérenger; William the sub-prior; Humfrey; Arngren;² Hugo³ the bishop’s nephew; William the young; Ralf the priest; Ansfrid the priest; Goddard the priest; Robert the chamberlain; Hugo⁴ the chamberlain; Ansfrid Dapifer;⁵ Humfrey the porter; and many others.

Footnotes

1 Malling Abbey was founded towards the end of the eleventh century, likely after 1090. A charter confirming the foundational grant of land was made during the reign of William II (Rufus), r. 1087–1100, and was witnessed by Ranulf Flambard, bishop of Durham, r. 1099–1128. The completion of the foundation and appointment of Avice cannot be ascertained with absolute confidence, though we can say she was appointed before bishop Gundulf’s death on 7 March 1108. William Dugdale suggests she was appointed when Gundulf was dying: Monasticon Anglicanum: A History of the Abbies and other Monasteries, etc. in England and Wales, vol. 3 (London, 1846), p. 381, n. g. The main scribe copied this document into Textus Roffensis around 1123. More information on the Benedictine abbey of Malling, including a list of the abbesses, is online here [accessed 12 December, 2017], though note the mistake regarding the founding of the abbey ‘towards the end of the twelfth century’, when clearly the ‘eleventh century’ was intended.

2 Tentative Anglicised spelling of Ernegrinus.

3 Or, Hugh.

4 Or, Hugh.

5 Or, the steward.

Rochester Priory Library list, c.1123

The catalogue of the library of the priory of St Andrew. Transcription and translation of Textus Roffensis, folios 224r-230r by Jacob Scott (pending review). Introduction by Beverley Dee Jacobs. The Benedictine Priory of Rochester Cathedral was commenced by Gundulf, William the Conqueror’s architect/engineer, close to the site of the original Cathedral of St. Andrew at Rochester dated to AD604. The Venerable Bede informs us that the original cathedral had lay clerics supporting the Bishop, not a monastery or priory as did other such early cathedrals.¹ By the time of the Norman Conquest the community of St. Andrew’s Anglo-Saxon Cathedral church had descended into extreme poverty with only a Bishop and four Lay Clerics remaining. After the Conquest a Benedictine community of monks at Rochester Cathedral Priory had been commenced by c1082/3. Thereafter, building of a much more substantial cathedral church was also begun by Gundulf, who became the second Norman appointed Bishop of Rochester. By the c1120s the monks had brought together a sizeable library collection, largely by their own considerable industry. Reading as well as prayer was a most important part of the life of a Benedictine monk. They would have borrowed exemplars to copy from other religious libraries, such as Christchurch Canterbury and further afield e.g. the New Minster, Winchester and beyond to enlarge their library. This was no mean effort when taking into account the relatively small number of monks in the Priory at its maximum were only 60. A catalogue, compiled largely by one scribe, of the priories books, was bound into the manuscript which became known as Textux Roffensis, the Rochester Book. A scribe has written in a later hand Textus de Ecclesia Roffensi per Ernulfum espicopium indicating that they believed the work to have been carried out during the Bishopric of Ernulf who was Bishop from AD1114 to 1124. There are many facets to this Ms., not least that it is essentially two documents which have been bound together, the first containing the earliest known Anglo-Saxon Law Codes and much much more. As far as is known, it contains the earliest written record of the Old English language. The second document is in Latin as might be expected in later mediaeval ecclesiastical houses. But it also contains many more aspects of early mediaeval history. The monks clearly regarded this little book as a very precious possession. Its contents have also proven to be as precious through the centuries to the present day for the wide range of knowledge it contains. At the time of the Reformation, when the great Cathedral Abbey/Priories were dissolved and their library collections removed to the libraries of King Henry VIII, this little Textus remained at Rochester, possibly hidden by those monks still remaining. The Catalogue within it, on Folios 224r to 230r dating to 1123/4, records some 93 items. It provides good evidence of the range of written works available for religious communities in the early 12th century. Sadly very few, however, have remained in Rochester. The 93 Mss. were eventually given to the British Museum, from other library collections such as Sir Hans Sloane, Sir Robert Cotton and Robert & Edward Harley in 1753 to form a part of this country’s (free) National Library. From there they were transferred to the newly built British Library for which construction started in London in 1973. The RochesterEx Libris penned into the front covers of many of the Cathedral’s Mss. listed in the attached Catalogue by a later scribe show where they were once owned and that they are now safely stored in the British Library in London. In later centuries the Textus Roffensis went through many travels. Loaned to antiquarian historians, one of whom mislaid it to the hands of a person who misappropriated it and refused its return. The Cathedral was then obliged to pay to get it back. It was dropped in a river causing water damage, but has survived relatively unscathed as the result of previously very good binding with strong metal clasps holding it tightly shut. As the possible result of damp, however, the first record on folio 224r commences on line four with ‘Expositionum ejusdem super psalterium in tribus voluminibus’. The first three lines are now too faint to be accurately transcribed and although water damage has affected a large part of the right-hand side of the folio, that is still clearly legible. Many, but not all of the individual manuscripts recorded commence with a rubricated letter ‘I’ for ‘Ite(m)’, the letter ‘m’ being a scribes superscript abbreviation. Other rubricated capital letters and one large green letter commence the title of parts of the Scriptures, commentaries thereon and a number of sermons and extracts. The ‘hands’ throughout are mostly crisp, clear and legible, but for the sake of space saving this document contains many scribal abbreviations. Textus Roffensis is considered in the main to have been written by a single scribe. There is, however, evidence of different hands throughout the complete Ms. and also in the c.1124 Library Catalogue.

Beverley Dee Jacobs

31st October 2021

Folio

Transcription

Literal Translation (see Translation Notes)

224r (select folio number to open facsimile)

Expositionem eiusdem super psalterium . in ·iii· uol.

Exposition on the psalms, in 3 volumes².

Librum ipsius de civitate dei . in ·i· uol. Expo-

On the city of God, in one volume³

sitionem eiusdem super epistolam sancti iohannis apostoli in ·i·

Exposition on the letters of Saint John the Apostle, in one

uol . in quo et sermo ipsius inter pressuras . et

volume⁴, in which his sermon on pressures, and

apocalipsis . et cantica canticorum. Item aug-

the revelation, and song of songs. Also,

ustinum contra faustum in ·i· uol. Enkiridi-

Augustine against Faustum, in one volume⁵.

on ejusdem . et librum beati ambrosii de bono mor-

A handbook of the same, and the book of blessed Ambrose, on the good

tis . librum quoque; domini lanfranci archiepiscropi con-

death. The book also; lord Lanfranc Archbishop

tra beringerium in ·i· uol. Item librum eiusdem

against Beringeria, in one volume⁶. Also the same book

contra felicianum . et librum domini anselmi ar-

against Felician, and the book of Lord Anselm

chiepiscopi Cur deus homo . et librum de asseneth cum

Archbishop, why was God a man[?] and the book of asseneth

quib; dam aliis opusculis in ·i· uol. Item librum

in one volume⁷. Also, in the book

ipsius de trinitate in ·i· uol. Item librum ipsius

on The Trinity, in one volume⁸. Also a book

contra . v. hereses . et sermonem eiusdem de muli-

against five heresies, and sermons about a

ere forti . et librum didimi de spiritu sancto . expo-

strong woman, and the book we have received from the Holy Spirit,

sitio quoque; bedae super . xxx. quaestiones in libros regum

also an exposition on Bede. Thirty questions in the book of kings,

item expositio eiusdem de templo solomis . et ex-

likewise an exposition of the same concerning the temple alone. and

positionem super canticum abbacuc . epistolam quoque

an exposition on the song Abbacuc[?]. Also the letter of the

mansueti episopi ad constantinum in ·i· uol.

meek bishop to Constantine, in 1 volume⁹.

Item librum Ipsius de concordia evangelistarum . et ipsium expositionem de sermone domini in monte

The same book on the Harmony of the Gospels, and on his own interpretation of the Lord's Sermon on the Mount

224v

et librum ipsius de blasphemia in spiritum sanctum .

and book on the blashphemy against the Holy Ghost,

et sermonem ipsius de decem plagis : in ·i· uol.

and sermons on the ten plagues, in one volume¹⁰.

Item de doctrina christiana et de vera reli-

The same Christian Doctrine and the true

gione et de paenitentia : in ·i· uol. Item

religion and unknown, in one volume¹¹. The same

contra caelestianos et pelagianos . et de na-

against the Celestians, and the Pelagians, and of the

tura boni . et dialogus eiusdem ad ieronimum

nature of the good, the Dialogue of the same to the ieronimum,

et de cura pro mortuis gerenda, et regula

on behalf of the dead, and, carrying out about the care of,

eius ad monachos in ·i· uol. Item exceptio-

and its relation to the monks, in one volume¹². The same

nes de augustino super iohannem et aliae plu-

exceptions of Augustine on John, and

res exceptiones de libris ipsius in ·i· uol.

the exceptions of the book, in one volume¹³.

Item librum eiusdem de agone christiano cum aliis

Also the same book on Christian agony with

pluribus minutis opusculis in ·i· uol

many other small works, in one volume¹⁴.

Sermo eiusdem de pastoribus et sermo de ovibus . liber

Sermon on the shepherds and sermon on the sheep. A book

quoque adversus donatistas de baptismo . liber eiusdem

also against the Donatists on Baptism. In the same book

etiam de baptismo parvulorum et epistola ad marcellinum

also the baptism of infants, and the letter to Marcellus,

et liber de unico baptismo et liber eiusdem de spiritu lit-

and the book of the only baptism, and the book of the same from the spirit

tera in ·i· uol. Libri confessionum eiusdem⁶

of the letter[?] In one volume. A book on confessions

in ·i· uol‡ Item liber retractationum eiusdem et liber

in the same one volume¹⁵. Also a book of retractions of the same and a book

de ortu vita vel obitu sanctorum patrum qui in scri-

on the birth or death of the holy fathers who are

pturarum laudibus efferuntur . liber etiam sancti ysi-

extolled in the praises of the Scriptures. Also a book by St.

dori quidam . catalogus quoque beati ieronimi de ca-

Isadore. A catalog of St Jerome on the

tholicis scriptoribus et catalogus gennadii episcopi

catholic writers and catalogue of Bishop Gennadius

post⁶ ieronimum et catalogus ysidori de illustribus

after Jerome and catalogue of Isadore,

viris . et decretalis epistola gelasii papae de reci

and the decree letter of Pope Gelasius the

[There is an empty line here followed by:]

‡ et Liber eiusdem de diversis heresib; ⁶

and the book of the same on different heresies.

225r

piendis & non recipiendis libris liber quoque catholici

receiving[?] and not receiving the books of the Catholic

senatoris de institutionibus divinarum litterarum

senator on the institution of the divine letters

et liber prohemiorum sancti ysidori episcopi in ·i· uol. Item

and book preamble by St Isadore the bishop in one volume¹⁷. Likewise,

liber eiusdem de nuptis et concupiscentia et respon-

a book about married women and their lust, and

sio ejusdem sancti augustini contra cartulam missam

the response of the same Saint Augustine against the letter sent

valerio comiti a quodam reprehendente eius-

to Count Valerio by a certain man criticizing

dem librum et libros vi. contra iulianum episcopum pe-

the same book and five books against Bishop Julianus,

lagianae heresis defensorem in ·i· uol¹⁸. Item de

defender of the Pelagian heresy in one volume¹⁹. Likewise

praesentia dei ad dardanum et epistolae senicae ad

concerning the prescense of God at Dardanus and the old short[?] letter

paulum et pauli ad senicam et liber rathramni

of Paul to Senica and the book of Rathramnus

de co quod christus ex virgine natus et liber ejusdem

that Christ was born of a virgin, and of the same book

de anima et sermones de assumptione sanctae

of the soul and sermon on the assumption of the blessed

mariae et sermo pascasii diaconi in genea-

Mary and sermon on Passover, and the deacon in

logia christi et sermo sancti ambrosii de nativitate sanctae

Christ’s genealogy, and the sermon of St Ambrose concerning the birth of the blessed

mariae et quoddam scriptum anselmi archiepiscopi in ·i· uol.

Mary, and a document written by Archbishop Anselm in one volume²⁰.

Libri beati ieronimi : sunt isti.

These are the books of blessed Jerome:

Epistolae ipsius in uno volumine. Commentarium eiusdem

His letter, in one volume²¹. Commentary on the same

super matthaeum in ·i· uol. Item libri eiusdem

subject in Matthew, in one volume²². Also a book

super xii. prophetarum et super danihelem in du-

on twelve of the prophets and on Daniel, in

obus voluminibus. Item liber eiusdem contra iovinia-

two volumes²³. Likewise a book against

num hereticum in ·i· uol. Item expositio

the heretic Jupiter in i volume²⁴. Also the exposition

eiusdem super epistolam ad titum et isidorus super

of the same on the letter to Titus and Isidorus on

genesim in ·i· uol. Item liber eiusdem7 de essentia et

Genesis in one volume²⁵. Likewise a book of the same on the essence and

in effabilitate dei . cum aliis pluribus; minu-

in the effability of God, with many

tis opusculis in ·i· uol. Item liber eiusdem

other small works, in one volume²⁶. The same book also

225v

in vitam sancti pauli heremitae . et sancti bilarionis .

on the life of the hermit St. Paul, and St. Bilarionis,

et aliorum plurimorum sanctorum patrum . etiam

and many other holy fathers, even

actus monachi captivi . cum vita sancti an-

the actions of the captive monks. with the life of St.

tonii . et liber heraclidis qui paradysus ap-

Anthony, and the book of Heraclides which is called

pellatur in ·i· uol. Vetus et novum⁶ testamentum quam

Paradise, in one volume²⁷. The Old and New Testament which he

(trans-)⁶ tulit de hebreo (sic) in latinum in duobus voluminibus. Quorum

(translated) from Hebrew into Latin, in two volumes. Of which

primum continet hos libros . Quinque libros moy-

he first contains these books; the five books of

si . Iesum naue . Iudicum . Ruth . Psalterium

Moses. Judges, Ruth. The psalter,

Proverbiorum Ecclesiastes . Sapientiae Ecclesi-

Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, wisdom of the church[?]

asticum Hezram et neemiam . Paralipomenon

chronicles of Hezram and Nehamiah. Chronicles

duos libros et quatuor evangelia. In alio vero vo-

in two books and four Gospels. In another

lumine continentur quatuor libri regum Iob

volume the four books of the kings of Job

Liber tobie . Iudith . Hester. Libri machabe-

are contained in the Book of Tobie. Judith. Esther. Book of

orum duo. Libri prophetarum omnes . Actus apostolorum .

two Machabees. All the books of the prophets. The Acts of the Apostles.

Epistolae pauli aliorumque apostolorum. Apocalypsis.

The Epistle of Paul and other Apostles, and Apocalypse²⁸.

Item expositio eiusdem super ysaiam prophetam

Also an exposition of the same on the prophet Isaiah

in ·i· uol. Expositio eiusdem super ysaiam prophetam

in one volume²⁹. Exposition of the same on the prophet Isaiah

in ·i· uol. De hebraicis quaesti-

in one volume³⁰. On the Hebrew

onibus in genesi . et de mansionibus filiorum israel

questions in Genesis and concerning the dwellings of the sons of Israel,

et de distantiis locorum et interpretationes

and of the distances of places, and the interpretations

hebraicorum nominum . et quaestiones in li-

of the Hebrew names, and questions in

brum regum . et in paralippomenon . et de decem

the book of kings and in the Chronicles and concerning the ten

temptationibus et canticum debborae et lamen-

temptations and the canticle of Deborah and the

tationes ieremiae in ·i· uol. Item tra³¹

lamentations of Jeremiah, in one volume³². Also in

tatus eiusdem in libro ihesu naue libri quoque

the same book of Jesus his book on the

duo beati augustini doctoris de adulteri-

two St Augustine, doctor on

nis conjugiis et liber unus de mendacio et

adulterous marriages, and one book on the lie and

alius contra mendacium et liber eiusdem ad

the other against the lie, and the same book

renatum de natura et origine animae . et ali-

for the birth of the nature and origin of the soul, and

us liber de eadem re ad petrum presbyterum ad

another book about the same thing to Peter the priest,

vincentium victorem quoque duo libri de

to the victorious conqueror also two books on

eadem re et sermo arrianorum et liber sancti

the same subject, and the speech of the asians, and the book of St.

augustini respondentis contra arrianorum

Augustine, answering against the treachery of the Asians,

perfidiam et libri duo eiusdem contra adversa-

and two books of the same against the

rium legis et prophetarum in ·i· uol. Ixposi-

adversary of the law and the prophets, in one volume³³.

tio super ezechielem prophetam in ·i· uol.

Exposition on the prophet Ezekiel in one volume³⁴.

Item quinque libros moysi in uno volumine

The five books of Moses in one

novo. Iesum nave . Iudicum . et . Ruth in uno

new volume³⁵. Jesus in a ship, Judges, and Ruth in one

volumine novo. Item explanatio eiusdem

new volume³⁶. Also an explanation of the same

in ieremiam prophetam in ·i· uol. Item super

in the prophet Jeremiah in one volume³⁷. Also on

ecclesiastem et Bedam de tabernaculo et vasis eius et

Ecclesiastes and Bede, on the tabernacle and its vessels, and

super actus apostolorum et improperium ad monachos

on the acts of the apostles, and the reproach to the monks,

et responsiones cujusdam in ·i· uol.

and the answers of one of them, in one volume,

226v

Leaf filled in a later 15th/16th century hand, very faint but showing donations to the monastery, e.g.;

Piscaria de Gillingham data monachis

Archiep. C. dat, etc. etc.

227r

Libri beati ambrosii : sunt isti:

The books of blessed Ambrose are these:

De officiis in uno volumine. Exameron

The Offices, in one volume. Exameron

eiusdem in uno volumine. Item liber eiusdem

of the same in one volume. Likewise the book of the same

de virginitate . et de viduis . et de lapsu

on virginity. and of widows and of the fall

virginis ·i· uol. Item liber eiusdem de conflictu

of the virgin, in one volume. Likewise the book of the same on the conflict

vitiorum et virtutum . et oratio sancti effrem

of vices and virtues. and the speech of St. Augustine

de compunctione libri etiam iuliani episcopi de

on the compunction of the Book of Bishop Julian

prognosticis et plures sermones sancti augustini

concerning the diagnoses and the many sermons of Saint Augustine

et liber paschasii de corpore et sangui-

and the Book of Easter concerning the body and

ne domini in ·i· uol. Epistolae ipsius in ·i· uol11.

Blood of the Lord, in one volume. His letters, in one volume.

Item expositio in evangelium lucae evange-

Also an exposition on the Gospel of Luke

listae in ·i· uol. De fide ad gratianum im-

the Evangelist, in one volume. On the faith and grace of

peratorem lucae evangelistae in ·i· uol. Item de paenitentia conra

the emperor[?] Luke the evangelist, in one volume. Also concerning penance against the

novatianos . et liber sancti augustini de u-

Novatians, and the book of St. Augustine on the

tilitate credendi et liber eiusdem de fide

utility of creed, and the same book on faith

ac simbolo . et liber liber illius ad inquisitiones ianu-

and creed, and book book[?] of that inquiries of

arii et epistola ad armentarium et paulinam

January, and the letter to the armory, and Pauline,

et sermo de perjurio et sermo de excidio

and sermon on the destruction of the

urbis romae et sermo de faciendis elemo-

city of Rome, and sermon to be performed on the giving of

sinis et sermones de fide . de caritate . de

alms, and sermons on faith, charity, the

timore domini . et liber iustini in libris trogi

fear of the Lord, and the book of Justin in the trophy[?]

pompeii in ·i· uol. Item liber de mysteriis

of Pompeii, in one volume. Likewise, a book on the mysteries

sive initiandis et sermo de sacramentis

or initiations, and sermons on the sacraments

neophitorum habitus in synodo . et epistolarium

of the neophists held in the synod, and the letter of

ivonis carnotensis episcopi in ·i· uol.

Ivonis the bishop of Chartres, in one volume.

227v

Libri sancti Gregorii papae sunt hi ;

These are the books of the blessed Pope Gregory.

Moralia eiusdem in duob; voluminib; Pastora-

The morals of the same in two volumes;

lis et dialogus in ·ii· uol. Liber ipsius super eze-

Pastoral care and dialogue, in two volumes. The book of

chielem in ·i· uol. Registrum in ·i· uol. Specu-

Ezekiel, in one volume. Register, in one volume.

culum12 in ·i· uol. Gregorius super ezechielem in duobus

Mirror[?], in one volume. Gregory on Ezekiel in two

voluminibus.13

volumes.

Pastoralis anglicus in ·i· uol.14 Prosper in ·i· uol.

English pastoral care, in one volume. Prosper, in one volume.

Egesippus in ·i· uol. Itinerarium petri in ·ii·

Egesippus, in one volume. Peter's Travels, in two

uol. Rufinus in ecclesiasticam hystoriam in uno .

volumes. Rufinus in ecclesiastical history, in one

uol. Canones et decreta pontificum in ·i·

volume. The canons and decrees of the Pontiffs, in one

uol. Exceptiones de eisdem in ·i· uol. Orosius

volume. Exceptions to the same, in one volume. Orosius

cum gothorum hystoria in ·i· uol. Iohannes crisosto-

with the history of the Goths, in one volume. John

mus de reparatione lapsi . libi quoque eiusdem de com-

Chrysostom of the reparation of the fallen. Book of the same for

punctione . liber etiam ipsius de de psalmo quinqua-

compunction[?], also his book on the fiftieth psalm,

gesimo . et liber ipsius de eo quod nemo laeditur nisi

and his book on that which no one is injured except

a se ipso . et de expulsione sua, sermonesque be-

by himself, and concerning his expulsion, and the sermon of

ati augustini de simbolo et oratione dominica .

St Augustine concerning the Creed and the Lord’s Prayer,

quoddam quoque miraculum sancti martini . et scri-

also a miracle of St Martin, and

ptum fulberti de eo quod tria maxime sunt neces-

it was written of Fulbert about the three things most

saria christianae religioni . item scriptum fulberti

necessary for the Christian religion, also written by Fulbert

de sacerdote et hostia quam accipit cum or-

about the priest and the victim which he receives when he is

dinatur . libri quoque alcuini ad Karolum de

ordained. also a book of alcuini to Charles on the

trinitate in ·i· uol. Liber scintillarum

Trinity in one volume. The book of sparks[?],

in ·i· uol. Diadema monachorum in ·i· uol.

In one volume. The crown[?] of the monks, in one volume.

228r

Institutiones regum anglorum in ·i· uol.

Institutes of the kings of the English, in one volume.

Librum amalarii abbatis de officiis divinia

The book of Abbot Amalarii on the divine services,

in ·i· uol.

In one volume.

Descriptio locorum que vidit bernardus sapiens

A description of the places which Bernard the wise man

quando ivit ierusalem vel rediit . et vita } Karoli magni

saw when he went to Jerusalem and returned, and the life of Charles[?] the great

regis . et itinerarium christianorum in ierusalem contra paganos

king, and the journey of the Christians into Jerusalem against the pagans

et hystoria }15 normannorum in ·i· uol.

and the history of the Normans, in one volume.

228v

[Blank leaf]

229r

Libri venerabilis baedae presbyteri sunt isti:

These are the books of the venerable Bede:

Hystoria anglorum in ·ii· uol. Eiusdem de tempo-

History of the English, in two volumes. Of the same

ribus . et de aequinoctio cum Alberico de compoto

period, and about the equinox with Alberic on his account,

in ·i· volumine.

in one volume.

Alcuinum

Alcuinum[?]

De arte metrica et de scematibus

On the art of prosody, and of semates,

et de miraculis sancti cuthberti versifice compo-

and of the miracles of Saint Cuthbert, composed in verse

situm cum libro Karoli et alcuini de dialectica

the book of Charles and Alcuinus on the dialectic

libellus quoque petri damiani cuius nomen dominus vo-

book of Peter Damian, whose name is lord

biscum et sexaginta sex quaestiones orosii

with you and sixty-six questions of Orosius

ad augustinum et sermo beati isidori de cor-

to Augustinus and the speech of blessed Isidore concerning

pore et sanguine domini . et liber sancti augustini

the body and blood of the lord. and the book of St. Augustine

de agone christiano in ·ii· uol.16 Super tobiam et

on the agony of Christians, in two volumes. On Tobias and

>ezram . et liber eiusdem in verbis neemiae in ·i·

Ezra, and the book of the same in the words of Nehemiah in one

uol. Item expositio eiusdem super apocalipsin cum alia

volume. Also an exposition of the same on the apocalypse with another

expositione sine titulo in ·i· uol. Commen-

exposition without a title, in one volume.

tarius eiusdem super marcum evangelistam in ·i· uol.17

The commentary of the same on the evangelist Mark, in one volume.

Item martyrologium de nataliciis sanctorum et re-

Likewise the martyrology on the birthdays of the saints and

gula sancti benedicti consuetudinesque lan-

the rule and customs of the blessed blessed

franci archiepiscopi in ·i· uol.

Archbishop Lanfranc, in one volume.

Regula sancti iohannis cassiani in ·i· volumine.

Rule of St John Cassian, in one volume.

Iginus de spera mundi et hystoria longobardo-

Iginus concerning the sphere of the world and the history of the Longbardi

rum et gesta alexandri regis macedonum in ·i· uol.

and the exploits of Alexander king of the Macedonians, in one volume.

229v

Expositio super apocalipsin sine titulo in ·i·

Exposition on apocalypse without a title, in one

uol. Collationes de dictis vel factis pa-

volume. Conferences on the sayings or deeds of the

trum in ·i· uol. Collationes abbatis moysi

fathers, in one volume. The Conferences of Abbot Moses

et libri sancti effrem . cum pluribus; omeliis et

and the Holy Book with many homilies and

multis aliis opusculis : in ·i· uol. Vita sancti

many other works, in one volume. The life of St

dunstani . et passio sancti Aelphaegi cum sermo-

Dunstan, and passion of St Aelphaeus with

nib; de dedicatione aecclesiae in ·i· uol. Epistolae

sermons, about the dedication of the church. A glossed Epistle

sancti pauli glosatae in ·i· uol. Epistolae domini lan-

of St. Paul, in one volume. Letters of Lord

franci archiepiscopi cum aliis minutis opus-

Lanfranc the Archbishop with other small

culis in ·i· uol. Liber de ratione et peccato-

works, in one volume. A book on the nature and

re cum pluribus opusculis in ·i· uol. Liber

sinner, with many works, in one volume. Book of

prognosticorum in ·i· parvo uol. Passionalia

prognostications[?], in one small volume. Passionalia[?],

in . iiii . uol. Sermonalia anglica in ·ii·

in four volumes. English sermons, in two

uol. Sermones diversarum solennitatum

volumes. Sermons on different festivals and of

diversorumque; auctorum : in ·i· uol. Omedia-

different things; authored, in one volume. Two

ria duo : in duob; uol. Unum de dominicis :

omedaries[?], in two volumes; one on Sundays,

aliud de sanctis. Lectionarii duo ad matuti-

the other on saints. Two lectionaries at

nas in duob; uol. Unus de dominicis alius : de

Matins, in two volumes: nne on Sundays, another on the

sanctis. Benedictionalia in duob; uoluminibus.

saints. Blessings in two volumes.

Tripartitum psalterium in ·i· uol. Iosephus in

The Tripartite psalter, in one volume. Joseph, in

·ii· uoluminibus. Solinus . et dares . et liber18 per gesis

Two volumes. Solinus, the daresm[?] and the book through the acts,

.i. de situ terrae prisciani gramatici urbis romae . et va-

about the situation of the land of the ancient grammarian of the city of Rome, and the

ticinium sybillae . et historia britannorum in ·i·

prophecy of the sybil, and the history of the Britons, in one

uol.

volume.

230r

Epistolas beati pauli in uno volumine.19

The letters of St Paul, in one volume.

Collationes diversorum auctorum in uno volumine.

Collations of different authors, in one volume

Lectionaria in tribus voluminibus. Novum20 Testamen-

Lectionary, in three volumes. New

tum in uno volumine. Haimonen in uno volumine.

Testament in one volume. Haimonen[?] in one volume.

Ysidorum de ordine creaturor . et miracula sanctae

Creator of the order of Isidore and the miracles of the blessed

mariae in uno volumine.

Mary, in one volume.

[One half line, one full line and a further half line have been scraped off here]

Quinque libri

The five books

moysi et Iosuae et iudicum in uno volumine

of Moses, and Joshua, and Judges, in one volume.

Collectiones ecclesiasticarum regularum domini iuonis carnotensis.21

Collections of the ecclesiastical rules of the lord of Chartres.

[Apparent erasure of one possibly 3 lines here.]
[Text on the verso of folio 230 includes the date:]

m.c.xl.iii

c.1143

Further reading

Folios 224r. to 230v. used for comparison from the Textus Roffensis with the following:

Rev. R.P.Coates: Catalogue of the Library of the Priory of St. Andrew, Rochester, from the Textus Roffensis. Published in Archaeologia Cantiana, Vol. 6 1866.

Colin Flight: The Bishops and Monks of Rochester – 1076 – 1214. Published by Kent Archaeological Society, Maidstone 1997.

N.R. Ker, Ed.: Medieval Libraries of Great Britain, A list of Surviving Books, 2nd Edition, London 1964.

Footnotes

1 Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of The English People, Eds: Judith McClure and Roger Collins, Oxford 1999.

2 All three volumes extant in the British Library, known as Enarrationes in Psalmos, Royal 5 D I (volume 2), II (volume 3) and III (volume 1)

4 British Library Royal 5 B VI.

5 Contra Faustum Manicheum, British Library Royal 5 B X.

6 Enchiridion, De bono mortis, De corpore et sanguine Domini, British Library Royal 5 A XV.

7 De Trinitate, British Library Royal 5 B IV.

8 De Consensu Evangelistarum, Rochester Cathedral Chapter Library.

9 British Library Royal 5 B XII.

10 Not listed in the 1202 catalogue or known to be extant.

11 British Library Royal 5 B XLII.

12 Cambridge University Library ff.4.32.

13 An original rubricated mark righthand margin, refers end of this leaf for an omission of the next six words ‡.

14 Post’ somewhat doubtful.

15 British Library Royal 5 B XVI.

16 Lambeth Palace 76, ff. 1-147.

17 Bodley 134.

18 Cambridge Corpus Christi College 332.

19 British Library Royal 6 D II

20 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Super matheum in I vol.’. Not known to be extant.

21 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Super xii prophetas et Danielem in ii vol.’. Not known to be extant.

22 Eton College 80.

23 British Library Royal 3 B I.

24 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Ysidorus super Genesim cum aliis in I vol’. Not known to be extant.

25 Possibly recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Vita sanctorum patrum in ii vol.’. Recorded in the Butterfly Fragments as ‘radysus appellatur in I vol.’. Not known to be extant.

26 Huntington Library MS HM 62.

27 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Super ysaiam in I vol.’. Not known to be extant.

28 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Psalterium eius in I vol.’, and in the Butterfly Fragments as ‘Expositio quoque eiusdem super psalterium in I vol.’. Not known to be extant.

29 Cambridge Trinity College 1238.

30 Bodley 387.

31 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Super ezechielem in I vol.’, and in the Butterfly Fragments as Expositio super ezechielem in I vol.’ Not known to be extant.

32 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Pentateuchi moysi in vol. Novo’, and in Royal 10 A XII: tertiam partem novi bibli armarii Roffensi quarum I pars est Genesis’. Not known to be extant.

33 Possibly British Library Royal I C VII.

34 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Super jeramiam in I vol.’. Not known to be extant.

35 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Super exxlesiasten et aliis pluribus operibus in I vol.’. Not known to be extant.

36 British Library Royal 6 A IV.

37 British Library Royal 6 A I and 7 A XI, ff. 19-24.

38 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘De virginitate et viduis in I vol.’. Not known to be extant.

39 British Library Royal 5 A VII.

40 Not known to be extant.

41 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Super lucam in I vol.’ Not known to be extant.

42 British Library Royal 6 C IV.

43 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Dre penitentia cum trogo pompeio et aliis in I vol.’. Not known to be extant.

44 British Library Royal 6 B VI.

45 British Library Royal 3 C IV and 6 C VI.

46 Possibly British Library Royal 5 E II and 6 B II.

47 Recorded in the Butterfly Fragments as ‘Liber ipsius super ezechielem in duobus vol.’.

48 British Library Royal 6 C X.

49 Recorded in 1202 catalogue and the Butterfly Fragments under same title.

50 British Library Royal 4 B I.

51 British Library Royal 5 E X.

52 Edinburgh National Library Adv. 18.3.9.

53 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Itinerarium petri in I vol. Not known to be extant.

54 Possibly Cambridge Corpus Christi College MS 184.

55 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Canones et concilia in I vol.’ Not known to be extant.

56 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Exceptiones ex decretis pontificum et registro’. Not known to be extant.

57 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Orosius cum historia gothorum in I vol.’. Not known to be extant.

58 British Library Royal MS 6 A XII.

59 The first of the two parts of Textus Roffensis.

60 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Amalarius in I vol.’.

61 Possibly recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Hystoria ierusalem cum pluribus aliis in I vol.’.

62 Harley MS 3680.

63 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘De temporibus in I vol.’ and the Butterfly fragments as ‘..ribus et de aequinoctio cum alberico de c…. poto in I vol.’.

64 Cambridge Trinity College 1128.

65 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Super tobian in i vol.’ and the Butterfly fragments as ‘Super tobian et ezram, et liber…’.

66 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Super apocalipsim in I vol.’

67 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Martirologium cum aliis in I vol.’.

68 British Library Royal MS 8 D XVI.

69 Possibly British Library Royal MS 12 C IV.

70 Possibly recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Collationes patrum cum multis aliis in I vol.’.

71 Vatican MSS, Reg, Lat. 646 ff. 1-48, 458 ff. 1-36, 598 f. 8r.

72 Possibly recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Item epistole pauli glosate in alio vol. parvo’.

73 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Epistole lanfranci et anselm[i] cum aliis in I vol’.

74 British Library Royal MS 12 C I.

75 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Passyonaria iiii’.

76 Bodley 340, 342^2.

77 Possibly Vatican Lat. 4951^2.

78 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Omeliaria ii.’

79 Possibly recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Lectionaria v.’.

80 Recorded in 1202 catalogue.

81 British Library Royal MS 15 A XXII.

82 British Library Cotton MS Vitellius A XIII.

83 Possibly recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Item epistole pauli sine glosa’.

84 Possibly recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Lectionaria v.’.

85 Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery 57^3.

86 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Haymo in I vol.’.

87 Recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Ysidorus de ordine creature cum miraculis sancte Marie et aliis in I vol.’.

88 Possibly recorded in 1202 catalogue as ‘Decreta yvonis in I vol.’.

5 Apparently added in a different hand, preceding the continuation of the previous paragraph on Folio 225r.

7 Inserted above the line.

8 Gundulph’s Bible.

9 ‘Trans’ added afterwards in same hand.

10 Page ends with ‘tra,’ next page begins with ‘tatus,’ In this way the c was omitted.

11 Double underlined and appears to have been scored out.

12 ‘Cu’ ends a line, and is repeated at the beginning of the next.

13 Very faded ink.

14 Crossed through – no explanation as to why.

15 Written in a later hand. Poorer ink.

16 The total paragraph has been crossed through, but also underlined. Alcuinum has been superimposed over ‘arte metrica’ possibly at the same time.

17 Complete line underscored and crossed through.

18 P Periegesis. Priscian paraphrased the Periegesis of Dionysius.

19 90. to 96. Appears to be a later hand!

20 Underlined.

21 Considered a much later hand.

Church payments for Chrism oil, c.1123

A record of the churches within the Diocese of Rochester that pay to receive Chrism (holy anointing oil). Translation of Textus Roffensis, folios 220v-222r by Jacob Scott (pending review). Introduction by Joseph Miller, Dean’s Verger. Chrism oil is still distributed from the Cathedral to the churches of the diocese today. The Blessing of the Oils takes place at the Chrism Eucharist on Maundy Thursday. Three types of oil are blessed by the Bishop during this service and are used by the clergy throughout the following year in the exercise of various aspects of their ministry: Baptism, Chrism, and Oil of the Infirm (Sick). The oils are presented within the service by specially appointed oil deacons. The oils having been blessed are bagged in bottled sets of three and collected by the diocesan clergy following the service. The remaining oil is transferred to glass containers and put into reservation for the remainder of the year; immediately prior to the following Maundy Thursday the oil is put to ground and the process started again. The Cathedral today doesn’t charge for this service!

Folio

Transcription

Translation (see Translation Notes)

220v (select folio number to open facsimile)

De numero ecclesiarum Rofensis episcopatus

Concerning the number of churches within the Rochester episcopate

& de reddittibus quos singulæ reddunt quando

and the amounts each pays when they

accipiunt sanctum crisma a matre ecclesia episcopatus.

receive the holy chrism from the mother church of the episcopate.

Tonebrigga, reddit nouem denarios.

Tonbridge, pays nine silver coins.

barindena . ix denarios. Ealdinga ix denarios.

Barinden, nine silver coins. Yalding nine silver coins.

Lega ix denarios Brancesle .ix. denarios. Hors-

Leigh nine silver coins. Brenchley nine silver coin.

bundenne .ix. denarios. Theudelei .ix. denarios. Lam-

Horsmonden nine silver coins. Tudeley nine silver coins.

burherste .ix. denarios. Peppingeberia .ix. denarios.

Lamberhurst nine silver coins. Pembury nine silver coins.

Speldherste .ix. denarios. Wotringaberia. ix.

Speldhurst nine silver coins. Wateringbury nine

.ix. denarios. Eastpecham .ix. denarios. West pecham .ix. denarios.

silver coins. East Peckham nine silver coins. West Peckham nine silver coins.

East Eearnlega .ix. denarios. Becceham .ix. denarios.

East Farleigh nine silver coins. Beckenham nine silver coins.

Trottescliui .ix. denarios. Ciselherste .ix. denarios.

Trottescliffe nine silver coins. Chislehurst nine silver coins.

Cudena .ix. denarios. Aeischerste .ix. denarios. Aeiles-

Cowden nine silver coins. Ashurst nine silver coins.

ford .ix. denarios. Berlingis .ix. denarios. Meallin-

Aylesford nine silver coins. Birling nine silver coins.

gis .ix. denarios. Codeham .ix. denarios. Reiersce

East Malling nine silver coins. Cudham nine silver coins. Ryarsh

.ix. denarios. Offeham .ix. denarios. dictuna .ix. denarios.

nine silver coins. Offham nine silver coins. Ditton nine silver coins.

Huntintune .ix. denarios. Netlesteda .ix. denarios.

Hunton nine silver coins. Nettlested nine silver coins.

Burcham .ix. denarios. Wlydam .ix. denarios. Sancta

Burham nine silver coins. Wouldham nine silver coins. Saint

margarita .ix. denarios. Caetham .ix. denarios.

Margaret nine silver coins. Chatham nine silver coins.

Sancti Clemens .ix. denarios. Cuclestena .ix. denarios.

Saint Clements nine silver coins. Cuxton nine silver coins.

Hallingis .ix. denarios. Snodlande .ix. denarios.

Halling nine silver coins. Snodland nine silver coins.

Wroteham .ix. denarios. Meapeham .ix. denarios.

Wrotham nine silver coins. Meopham nine silver coins.

Pennes herste .ix. denarios. Ehteham .ix. denarios.

Penshurst nine silver coins. Ightham nine silver coins.

Cadintuna .ix. denarios. Lisna .ix. denarios. Leuese-

Addington nine silver coins. Erith nine siver coins

ham .ix. denarios.

Lewisham nine silver coins.

221r

[ ] Erde .ix. denarios.

[ ] Crayford nine silver coins.

Wilinentuna .ix. denarios. Lullingestuna .ix. denarios.

Wilmington nine silver coins. Lullingstone nine silver coins.

Le .ix. denarios. Maruurtha .ix. denarios. Wester-

Lee nine silver coins. Mereworth nine silver coins.

ha’ .ix. denarios. Watlande .ix. denarios. Cimi-

Westerham nine silver coins. Woodlands nine silver coins.

singa .ix. denarios. Wicham .ix. denarios. Brade-

Kemsing, nine silver coins. Wicham nine silver coins.

steda .ix. denarios. Faermingeham .ix. denarios. Ha-

Brasted nine silver coins. Farningham nine silver coins.

selholte .ix. denarios. Readlega .ix. denarios.

Hadlow nine silver coins. Ridley nine silver coins.

Aisce .ix. denarios. Herclei .ix. denarios. Sunder-

Ash nine silver coins. Hartley nine silver coins.

ersce .ix. denarios. Mapeldreskampe .ix. denarios.

Sundridge nine silver coins. Maplescombe nine silver coins.

Heure .ix. denarios. Scorham .ix. denarios. Hludes-

Hever nine silver coins. Shoreham nine silver coins.

dune .ix. denarios. Otteford .ix. denarios. Rokes-

Ludsdown nine silver coins. Otford nine silver coins.

se .ix. denarios. Leleburna .ix. denarios. Culinga.

Ruxley nine silver coins. Leybourne nine silver coins. Cowling

ix. denarios. Juelda .ix. denarios. Cidingestane .ix.

nine silver coins. Ifield nine silver coins. Chiddingstone nine

.ix. denarios. Terstana .ix. denarios. Ailentune

nine silver coins. Teston nine silver coins. Allington

Freondesbyri .ix. denarios. Lilecirce .ix. denarios.

Frindsbury nine silver coins. Lillechurch nine silver coins.

Heahham .ix. denarios. Cobbeham .ix. denarios. Scoene

Higham nine silver coins. Cobham nine silver coins. Shorne

.ix. denarios. Halgesto .ix. denarios. Hnutstede.

nine silver coins. High Halstow nine silver coins. Nurstead

.ix. denarios. Sca’ wereburh dehou .ix. denarios.

nine silver coins. Saint Werburgh in Hoo nine silver coins.

Dereuuoldes treop .ix. denarios. Ordmares-

Dode nine silver coins. All Hallows/St. Mary's

circe dehou .ix. denarios. Dodes circe .ix. denarios.

Church in Hoo nine silver coins. Dode Church nine silver coins.

Deremannes cirte. dehou .ix. denarios. Clue

All Hallows/St. Mary's Church in Hoo nine silver coins. Cliffe

.ix. denarios. Falkenham .ix. denarios. Denituna .ix.

nine silver coins. Fawkham nine silver coins. Denton nine

denarios. Meletuna .ix. denarios. Grauesaende.

silver coins. Milton nine silver coins. Gravesend

221v

ix. denarios. Eadelmesbrege .ix. denarios. Stokes.

nine silver coins. Edenbridge nine silver coins. Stoke

ix. denarios. Grean .ix. denarios. Gilesfeld .ix. denarios.

nine silver coins. Grain nine silver coins. Chelsfield nine silver coins.

Celca .ix. denarios. Northcrai .ix. denarios. Rodulfes

Chalk nine silver coins. North Cray nine silver coins. Rudolf’s

crai .ix. denarios. Fotescrai .ix. denarios. Nordfleotes.

Cray nine silver coins. Foots Cray nine silver coins. Northfleet

.ix. denarios. Sudfleotes .ix. denarios. Bixle .ix. denarios.

nine silver coins. Southfleet nine silver coins. Bexley nine silver coins.

Suaneskape .ix. denarios. Haltesteda .ix. denarios. Deren-

Swanscombe nine silver coins. Halstead nine silver coins.

te. .ix. denarios. [ ] Derte-

Darenth nine silver coins.

ford .ix. denarios. Sud clerente .ix. denarios. Sud-

Dartford nine silver coins. South Darenth nine silver coins.

tuna .ix. denarios. Stanes .ix. denarios. Orpingtu-

Sutton-at-Hone nine silver coins. Stone nine silver coins.

na .ix. denarios. Hortune .ix. denarios. Plustede

Orpington nine silver coins. Horton Kirby nine silver coins. Plumstead

.ix. denarios. Bromlega .ix. denarios. Aelteham .ix.

nine silver coins. Bromley nine silver coins. Eltham nine

denarios. Witcham .ix. denarios. Cerlentune¹ .ix. denarios.

silver coins. Wickham nine silver coins. Charlton nine silver coins.

Greneuuic .ix. denarios. West greneuuic² .ix. denarios.

Greenwich nine silver coins. West Greenwich nine silver coins.

Wleuuic .ix. denarios. Gillingeham³ .ix. denarios.

Woolwich nine silver coins. Gillingham nine silver coins.

Bearmlinges⁴ .ix. denarios. [ ] .ix. denarios.

Barming nine silver coins. [ ] nine silver coins.

Seouenaca .ix. denarios. Meallingetes⁵ .ix. denarios.

Sevenoaks nine silver coins. Malling nine silver coins.

De capellis. Bitteberga. reddit sex de-

The chapels: Bidborough, pays six

narios. Chitebroc .vi. denarios. Comba .vi. denarios.

silver coins. Kidbrooke six silver coins. (Westcombe in Greenwich?) six silver coins.

Strodes .vi. denarios. Capella de hou .vi. denarios.

Strood six silver coins. The chapel at Hoo six silver coins.

[ ]. Hal-

gelei .vi. denarios. Aeflingeham .vi. denarios. West-

Hawley six silver coins. Aflingeham(?) six silver coins.

cliue .vi. denarios. Greuuic .vi. denarios. Stanste-

West Cliff six silver coins. Greenwich six silver coins.

de .vi. denarios. Thorinduna .vi. denarios. Lindisinge.

Stanstead six silver coins. Thorinduna(?) six silver coins. Lidsing

vi. denarios. Mersctuna .vi. denarios. Lullingestana .vi. denarios.

six silver coins. Merston six silver coins. Lullingstone six silver coins.

222r

Hescendena. Bearmlingetes .vi. denarios

Nashenden and Barming six silver coins.

Cusintune. Bearlesteda. Graie.

Cossington, Bearstead, Grain,

Cretenersce. Sciburna. Helle .vi. denarios

Greatness, Shipbourne, Helle (St Margarets in Darenth), six silver coins.

Fearnberge. vi. denarios. Sancti Leonardus.

Farnborough six silver coins. Saint Leonard’s

Lilintuna. Sancta Maria decastello.

Linton. Saint Mary at the Castle.

Jacob Scott

Research Guild

With thanks for the notes of Dr Christopher Monk and the research of the Kemsing Heritage Centre and Sevenoaks Society.

Footnotes

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1 An annotation ‘Chitebroc’ in the margin is possibly linked to Cerlentune.

2 An annotation ‘Comba’ in the margin is linked to Greneuuic.

3 An annotation ‘Greine. Lidisinga’ (Grain, Lidsing) in the margin is possibly linked to Gillingeham, although it’s symbol is truncated by the edge of the folio.

4 An annotation ‘Bearmlingetes’ in the margin is linked to Bearmlinges.

5 An annotation ‘Sc’i Leonard’’ in the margin is linked to Meallingetes (i.e. St Leonard’s Church in Malling).

Watch and ward list, c.1337

Item 221, fols. 232v-234r in the original codex – a digital reproduction is available here; a printed version can be found in Textus Roffensis. Accedunt, Professionum antiquorum Angliae Episcoporum Formulae, de Canonica obedientia Archiepiscopis Cantuariensibus praestanda, et Leonardi Hutteni Dissertatio, Anglice conscripta, de Antiquitatibus Oxoniensibus (Oxford, 1720), pp, 236-242. At first, this document seems a rather incongruous addition to the Textus’ other contents, both in date and subject matter, but the reason can be found early in the list itself: the prior of Rochester was expected to provide three ‘men-at-arms’ or armoured horsemen to help patrol the sea-coast on the Hoo peninsula. The list was drawn up at the very beginning of the Hundred Years War. Edward III was then planning to go to France, to conduct a campaign in either Flanders or Guyenne and he needed to ensure that his own country was protected during his absence. In the previous year French ships had raided the port of Orford in Suffolk.¹ On 21 August 1337, the King ordered the sheriff of Kent:

to cause proclamation to be made in cities, boroughs, market towns and other fit places that archbishops, bishops, all abbots and priors and other ecclesiastical persons, earls, barons, knights, lords of towns, merchants and other rich people of that county, shall be at Rochester on the morrow of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross next, to hear the king’s intention and will concerning the defence of the realm against the king of France, who is waging war on it, which will be set forth to them by those whom the king will send for this, making known to them that if they refuse to come, the king will punish them as disobedient.²

On the same day, the king appointed John de Stratford, archbishop of Canterbury, and William de Clynton, earl of Huntingdon, both responsible for the defence of Kent, to impart the king’s ‘intention and will’ to the county’s landowners. However, because the earl and the archbishop had pressing duties elsewhere, they were replaced on the following day by Hamo de Hethe, bishop of Rochester, John de Sheppey, prior of Rochester, John de Cobeham and Thomas de Aldon.³ When the assembly was subsequently held at Rochester on 15 September, perhaps in the cathedral itself or more likely in the hall of the nearby castle, the county’s elite agreed to - or were told - who would be providing the individual watches and wards, the number of men required, and the portions of coastline they would be guarding, from the Hoo Peninsula all the way round to Dungeness. This list was drawn up by Huntingdon, who was able to attend this assembly despite his pressing duties elsewhere, together with de Cobeham and de Aldon.⁴ All, or a part of it, was subsequently copied into the Textus Roffensis, where it served as an aide memoire to the prior and his successors on their obligations. John de Sheppey, the prior at the time, later succeeded Hamo de Hethe as bishop and subsequently became the treasurer of England. His magnificent effigy, in its original polychrome, can still be seen in the cathedral today.⁵ The prior was expected to provide three men-at-arms, with eleven more supplied by seven other local landowners, making a total of fourteen. They were supplemented by seven ‘hobelars’ or mounted infantrymen, probably armed with longbows.⁶ These latter soldiers were named individually in the list and seem to have lived in the area concerned, one coming from Cliffe and another from Higham. Their collective task was to patrol the area along the ‘Yenlade in Hoo’ to prevent any French raiders landing there. In addition, the local communities between Dartford and Strood were expected to provide nine men to keep watch at night, ‘according to ancient practice.’ These may have been based at Cliffe and Hoo, where in later times warning beacons were ordered to be set up and which may already have been in place.⁷ The ‘Yenlade’ or Yantlet used to be a navigable creek that separated the Isle of Grain from the rest of the Hoo peninsula, crossed by a single bridge. During medieval times and beyond, it provided a sheltered passageway for smaller craft to traverse the water between the Thames and Medway estuaries.⁸ As most of the coastline of the Hoo peninsula consisted of marshland, the Yantlet creek seems to have been the most likely point where any French raiders could make a landing. The 17th-century map of Kent in John Speed’s The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain in the Chapter Library shows Yantlet creek separating the Isle of Grain from the rest of the Hoo Peninsula. Similar watches and wards were also provided for Sheppey, Thanet, and Kentish coastline beyond. Only those are far as Walmer are included in the Textus list, where it abruptly ends. Why it terminates here is not clear. Perhaps a further folio, containing the rest of the list was lost before the Textus was bound in its present binding. Fortunately, a more complete version can now be found in the British Library, bound at the end of Additional Manuscript No. 38006. This lists the same defensive arrangements that can be found in the Textus but continues all the way round the coast to Dungeness. The same manuscript also contains an updated version of the list, which was compiled after Easter 1346 by John de Cobeham, Roger de Northwood, Thomas de Brockhull and the sheriff of Kent, William Langley. This was the year in which Edward III invaded France with a large army, resulting in his famous victory at Crecy. In this revised list, only the bishop and prior of Rochester are listed as being responsible for the ward at ‘Yenlade in Hoo’. This fuller version is probably the source of the list found printed in Philipott’s ‘Villare Cantianum.’⁹ Just a year after the list was compiled, the watch and ward system would have been put into operation in earnest. Portsmouth was sacked and burnt in March and a devastating raid was also made on Southampton in early October. It was also thought that the French would attempt to land on the Isle of Sheppey and that they would go on to attack London. With the king absent abroad, on 14 October 1338 the keeper of the realm and the king’s council sent letters to the bishop and prior of Rochester, Sir Philip de Pympe, and other landowners in Kent commanding them to send men-at-arms and archers urgently to Sheppey to defend it.¹⁰ This was no doubt in addition to their existing duties, ensuring that other sections of the Kentish coastline were patrolled and watched. It is therefore likely that the prior’s three horsemen and their counterparts spent many weary hours in the saddle that autumn, making sure that the French did not also land in the Hoo peninsula. There was no let-up in the following year, with the French first attacking Harwich, followed by further descents on Southampton, Plymouth, and the Isle of Wight. Thereafter various attempts were made to attack the Kent and Sussex coasts, but only Hastings was successfully sacked and burnt. On this occasion, William de Dene recorded in his chronicle, the Historia Roffensis, that Bishop Hamo de Hethe provided six men-at-arms with ‘covered’ or barded horses (sex homines ad arma cum equis coopertis) to help defend the Kent coast from the attacks made by the French fleet.¹¹ It was only after that fleet was defeated and destroyed by Edward III himself at the battle of Sluys in 1340, that the prior’s busy men-at-arms would have found some rest at last from their onerous duties.¹²

Randolph Jones

Transcription and translation:

The ‘Watch and Ward’ for Yantlet in Hoo, 1337

Watch

Hundred of Number of men to provide

Hoo 2

Malling 1

Shamel¹³ 5

Dartford 1

Total 9

Ward

Men-at-arms¹⁴

Prior of Rochester 3

Philip de Pympe, Knight¹⁵ 2

Thomas Malmayns¹⁶ 2

John de Frenyngham¹⁷ 2

Stephen de Dalham¹⁸ 1

Thomas Walram 1

John Giffard 2

Henry de Greffort 1

Total 14

Hobelars

Roger de Estcheker 1

John att Forde 1

Robert Vyannde 1

Henry Lomer 1

Robert le Ram 1

John Mortemere de Clyve 1

Michael Sunna de Hieham¹⁹ 1

Total 7

Footnotes

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1 Jonathan Sumption, The Hundred Years War: Vol. I. Trial by Battle (London, 1990), p. 164.

2 CCR 1337-39, pp. 254, 255.

3 CPR 1334-38, pp. 502, 504.

4 For careers of these three men see: Matthew Raven, ‘William Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon, and the county of Kent: a study in magnate service under Edward III,’ Archaeologia Cantiana, Vol. 142 (2021), pp. 59-80, Nigel Saul, Death, Art, and Memory in Medieval England. The Cobham Family and their Monuments 1300-1500 (Oxford 2001), pp. 19-20; Dorothy Gardiner, ‘The Manor of Boughton Aluph and Sir Thomas de Aldon,’ Archaeologia Cantiana, Vol. 50 (1939), pp. 122-130.

5 For Sheppey’s biography, see the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

6 Summary at the end of this list erroneously mentions a total of 12 men-at-arms and 6 hobelars for the Yantlet ward.

7 CPR 1377-81, p. 77.

8 Edward Hasted, The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent, Vol. 4 (Canterbury, 1798), pp 250-1.

9 Thomas Philipott, Villare Cantianum: or Kent surveyed and illustrated (London, 1659), pp. 4-7. This source states that the prior of Rochester was responsible for providing eight men-at-arms, but this is an error.

10 CCR 1337-39, p, 609; Thomas Rymer (ed.), Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae, et cujuscunque generis Acta Publica, inter Reges Angliae (London-1821), Vol. II, part II, p. 1026; Sumption, The Hundred Years War, pp. 248-9.

11 Henry Wharton, Anglia Sacra, sive Collectio Historiarum, Partim antiquitus, partim recenter scriptarum, de Archiepiscopis & Episcopis Angliae, a prima Fidei Christianae susceptione ad Annum MDXL (London, 1691), vol. 1, p. 374.

12 Sumption, Hundred Years War, pp. 261-5.

13 The Hundred of Shamel contained the parishes of Halling, Cuxton, Cobham (part), Shorne, Chalk, Denton, Merston, Higham, Cliffe, Cooling, Frindsbury, and Strood.

14 All of these men are mentioned in the Kent Lay Subsidy of 1334/5, though not all necessarily in connection with the Hundreds of Hoo and Shamel. See H.A. Hanley and C.W. Chalklin (eds.), The Kent Lay Subsidy of 1334/59 (1961), available online here

15 Frequently sitting in parliament as a knight of the shire for Kent, Sir Philip’s principal seat was at Pympe’s Court, Nettlestead, but he also held an estate in Allhallows on the Hoo peninsula. See Hasted, Survey of Kent, Vol. 4, p. 29.

16 In the Kent Lay Subsidy of 1334/5, Thomas was assessed for 9s. 10½d. for property held in the Hundred of Hoo. He held three quarters of a knight’s fee in Stoke. Hasted, Survey of Kent, p. 39.

17 John de Frenyngham or Farningham.

18 In the Kent Lay Subsidy of 1334/5, Stephen de Delham was assessed for 8s. 3¾d. for property held in the Hundred of Hoo and 4s. 7¾d. in the Hundred of Shamwell.,

19 Possibly ‘Michael Somers’.

Excommunication curse no. 8, mid-10th to 11th century

The first of two excommunication Curses for the expulsion of a person from the society of the Church. Textus Roffensis, ff. 98r-99v. Translated from Latin by Jacob Scott.

This document is essentially ecclesiastical and relates to the expulsion of a person from the society of the Church. Tristram Shandy, the eighteenth-century novel by Laurence Sterne, borrows from this excommunication document found in Textus Roffensis. A section of the text was translated by Sterne for the notoriously long-winded curse of Obadiah. In no sense dull, it incorporates a passionate cursing of all parts of the excommunicated person’s body and bodily functions. It even manages to slip in an expletive or two!

Michael Wood reading from Excommunicatio VIII.

Transcription

98r (select folio number to open facsimile)

Excommunicatio
_Ex auctoritate dei omnipotentis pa-
tris, et filii, et spiritus sancti, et sanctorum ca-
nonum, sanctaeque et intemeratae uirginis dei
genitricis mariae atque omnium caelesti-
um uirtutum, angelorum, archangelorum, throno-
rum, dominationum, potestatuum, cheru-
bin, ac seraphin, et sanctorum patriarcharum,
prophetarum, et omnium apostolorum et euangeli
starum, et sanctorum innocentum qui in con-
spectus agni soli digni inuenti sunt
canticum cantare nouum, et sanctorum
martyrum, et sanctorum confessorum, et sanctarum
uirginum, atque omnium simul sanctorum et
electorum dei. Excommunicamus et ana-
thematizamus hunc furem, uel
hunc malefactorem ameN. et a limini-
bus sanctae dei aecclesiae sequestramus, ut
aeternis suppliciis cruciandus man-
cipetur cum dathan et abiron, et cum his
qui dixerunt domino deo recede a nobis,
scientiam uiarum tuarum nolumus, et sicut
aqua ignis extinguitur, sic extingua-
tur lucerna eius in secula seculorum, nisi
resipuerit et ad satisfactionem uene-

98v

rit, amen. Maledicat illum deus pater,
qui hominem creauit. Maledicat
illum dei filius, qui pro homine passus
est. Maledicat illum spiritus sanctus, qui in
baptismo effusus est. Maledicat
illum sancta crux, quam christus pro nostra salu-
te hostem triumphans ascendit. Maledicat illum sancta dei genitrix et
perpetua uirgo maria. Maledicat
illum sanctus michael animarum susceptor
sacrarum. Maledicant illum omnes angeli
et archangeli, principatus et potestates,
omnisque militia caelestis exercitus.
Maledicat illum patriarcharum et
prophetarum, laudabilis numerus.Ma-
ledicat illum sanctus iohannes precursor et
baptista christi praecipuus. Maledicat
illum sanctus petrus et sanctus paulus, atque sanctus
andreas, omnesque christi apostoli simul et caeteri
discipuli, quattuor quoque euangelistae qui
sua predicatione mundum uniuersum
conuerterunt. Maledicat illum cune-
us martyrum et confessorum mirificus,
qui deo bonis operibus placitus inuentus
est. Maledicant illum sacrarum uir-

99r

ginum chori, quae mundi uana, causa ho-
noris christi respuenda contempserunt.
Maledicant illum omnes sancti qui ab initio
mundi usque in finem seculi, deo dilecti inue-
niuntur. Maledicant illum caeli et terra, et
omnia sancta in eis manentia. Maledictus
sit ubicunque fuerit, siue in domo, si-
ue in agro, siue in uia, siue in semita
siue in silua, siue in aqua, siue in aec-
clesia. Maledictus sit uiuendo, mo-
riendo, manducando, bibendo, esu-
riendo, sitiendo, ieiunando, dormitan-
do, dormiendo, uigilando, ambulan-
do, stando, sedendo, iacendo, operando,
quiescendo, mingendo, cacando, fle-
botomando. Maledictus sit, in totis ui-
ribus corporis. Maledictus sit, intus et
exterius. Maledictus sit, in capillis.
Maledictus sit in cerebro. Maledictus
sit in uertice, in temporibus, in fronte,
in auriculis, in superciliis, in oculis, in ge-
nis, in maxillis, in naribus, in dentibus
mordacibus, in labris, siue molibus, in la-
biis, in gutturae, in humeris, in har-
mis, in brachiis, in manibus, in digitis,

99v

in pectore, in corde, et in omnibus interi-
oribus stomachotenus, in renibus, in in-
guinibus, in in femore, in genitalibus, in
coxis, in genibus, in cruribus, in pedibus,
in articulis, et in unguibus. Maledi-
ctus sit in totis compaginibus membror-
um, a uertice capitis usque ad plantam
pedis, non sit in eo sanitas. Maledi-
cat illum christus filius dei uiui toto
suae maiestatis imperio, et insurgat ad-
uersus eum caelum cum omnibus uirtuti-
bus quae in eo mouentur ad damnandum
eum nisi poenituerit, et ad satisfacti-
onem uenerit, amen.
Fiat. Fiat. AMEN.

Translation

Excommunication:

By the authority of omnipotent God the Father, and of the Son, and of the spirit of the holy, and of the holy canons, Holy and the spotless of the Virgin Mary Mother of God and that of all of the celestial powers, the angels, archangels, thrones, dominions, powers, of the cherubim, and seraphims, and the saints of the patriarchs, prophets, and all the apostles and evangelists, a work of the soil, and of the holy innocents, who in the sight of the lamb, have been found to be worthy to sing the new song, and the saintly martyrs, and saintly confessors, and holy virgins, the saints, and at the same time all the elect of God. Excommunicate and anathematise this thief, or criminal, and for the threshold of the holy church to sequester the eternal punishment with Dathan and service, with those who said the god away from us, knowledge of your ways, such as water and fire it is extinguished, so let the light of him, forever and ever, unless it shall repent him and make satisfaction to these evil-doers are - they must be tortured and enslaved.

May he be cursed by God the Father, who created man.

May he be cursed by the Son of God, he who suffered for us.

May he be cursed by the Holy Spirit, who is in baptism discharged to us.

May he be cursed by the holy cross, which Christ for our salvation, triumphing over his enemies, went up.

May he be cursed by the Holy Mother and perpetual virgin. May he be cursed by the souls St. Michael advocated.

May he be cursed by all the angels and archangels, principalities and powers, and all the army of the warriors of heaven.

May he be cursed by the patriarchs and the prophets, praised their number.

May he be cursed by Saint John the first and the baptiser of Christ. May he be cursed by Saint Peter and Saint Paul, and by Saint Andrew, and all the disciples of Christ, and the rest of the apostles at the same time, and the evangelist, who preached over the entire world. May he be cursed by the martyrs and confessors pleasing to God.

May he be cursed by the Holy virgin choir, after futile things of the world, for the sake of honor, Christ rejected and despised.

May he be cursed by all the saints who from the beginning of the world until the end of the world, are found to be beloved of God.

May he be cursed by the heaven and the earth, and all the holy saints remaining therein.

May he be cursed wherever he is, whether in the house, or in the field, or on the road, or in the path, in the wood, or in the water, or in the church. May he be cursed in living, and in dying, in eating, drinking, in hunger and thirst, in fasting, sleeping; in slumbering, in walking, standing, sitting, lying, working, resting, in pissing, in shitting, and in bloodletting. May he be cursed by all the faculties of his body. May he be cursed inwardly and outwardly. May he be cursed in the hair in his head.

May he be cursed in the brains.

May he be cursed in his vertex[?], in his temples, in his forehead, in his ears, in his eyebrows, in his cheeks, in his jawbone, in his nostrils, in his foreteeth and in his grinders, his arms, his hands, his fingers, down to the very stomach, may he be cursed in his reigns, in his groin, in his thghs, in his genitals, in his hips, in his knees, in his legs, in his feet, and in his toenails.

May he be cursed in all the joints of the limbs, from the top of his head to the sole of the foot, even unto the head until there is no sanity in him.

May he be cursed by Christ the son of the living God, with all the powers of heaven at the command of his majesty, and let heaven rise up against him. Unless all the virtues that are move in him to condemn him, he repents, and comes to atonement, so be it.

Let it be done.

Let it be done.

So be it.

Excommunication curse no. 9, mid-10th to 11th century

The second of two excommunication Curses for the expulsion of a person from the society of the Church. Textus Roffensis, ff. 99v-100r. Translated from Latin by Jacob Scott.

Folio

Transcription

Translation (see Translation Notes)

99v (select folio number to open facsimile)

Excommunicatio

_Auctoritate dei patris omnipotentis,

et filii, et spiritus sancti, et beatae dei genitrices

MARIAE, omniumque sanctorum, et sanctorum canonum,

excommunicamus, anathematizamus, et a

liminibus sanctae matris aecclesiae sequestramus

illos malefactores. AmeN. consenta-

neos quoque uel participes, et nisi re-

sipuerint et ad satisfactionem uene-

rint, sic extinguatur lucerna eorum

100r

ante uiuentem… in secula seculorum.

Fiat. Fiat. AmeN.

Translation

Excommunication

By the authority of almighty God the Father, and the son, and the Holy Spirit, and Saint Mary, all the saints and holy canons, excommunicate, anathematise and sequester those doers from the bounds of holy mother church. So be it.

Those who agreed to participate, and do not repent or give a satisfactory answer, so extinguish the light in front of their living ... for ages and ages.

Let it be done. Let it be done. So be it.

List of Byzantine Emperors, c.1123

List of Byzantine Emperors, Textus Roffensis, ff. 107r-107v. No rubric. The numbering begins at 34, which is confusing. Perhaps the scribe was confused too, as he may have thought the list was a continuation of the previous folio, which has 33 names listed.

Transcription

107r (select folio number to open facsimile)

xxxiiii Cxxxiiii Constantinus filius con-
stantini et helenae.
xxxv Constantinus et con-
stantius et constans tres filii eius.
xxxvi Iulianus apostata.
xxxvii Iouianus.
xxxviii Valentianus.
xxxix Valens frater eius.
xl Gratianus filius ua-
lentiani cum ua-
lentiniano fratre
matre seuera.
xli Theodosius.
xlii Archadius et Honorius filii theodosii.
xliii Theodosius filius archadii, et ualentinianus.
xliiii Martianus auitus postea episcopus est factus.
xlv Leo et maiorianus, postea alius leo.
xlvi Deinde zenon imperator efficitur.
xlvii Theodericus.
xlviii Anastasius.
xlix Iustinus et iustinianus.
L Iustinus.
Li Tiberius.
Lii Mlii Mauricius.
Liii Focas.
Liiii Eraclius.
Lv Odda.
Lvi Heraclonas.
Lvii Constantinus frater eraclii.
Lviii Constantinus filius constantini.
Lix Constantinus frater constantini superioris regis.
Lx Iustinianus minor.
Lxi Leo.
lxii Tyberius.
Lxiii Iustinianus.
Lxiiii Philippicus.
Lxv Anastasius.
Lxvi Tlxvi Theodosius.

107v

Lxvii Leo.

Translation

34 Constantine [I] son of Constantinius and Helena.
35 Constantine [I] and Constantine and Constans [I] the third son.
36 Julian the Apostate.
37 Jovian.
38 Valentian [I].
39 Valens frater eius.
40 Gratian son of Valentinian [I] of Valentinian
41 Theodosius [I].
42 Arcadius and Honorius sons of Theodosius [I].
43 Theodosius son of Arcadius, and Valentinian [I].
44 Marcian auitus postea episcopus est factus.
45 Leo [I] and maiorianus, postea alius leo.
46 Deinde zenon imperator efficitur.
47 Theodericus.
48 Anastasius.
49 Justin [I] and Justinian [I].
50 Iustin [II].
51 Tiberius [II].
52 Maurice.
53 Phocas.
54 Heraclius.
55 Odda[?].
56 Heraklonas.
57 Constans [II] frater eraclii.
58 Constantine [IV] filius constantini.
59 Constantine [IV] frater constantini superioris regis.
60 Justinian [II] minor.
61 Leontios.
62 Tiberius [III].
63 Justinian [II].
64 Philippikos.
65 Anastasios [II].
66 Theodosius [III].
67 Leo [III].

List of Roman Popes, c.1123

Lists of Roman Popes. Translation of Textus Roffensis ff. 105r-106v by Jacob Scott.

The list is in two columns. Popes names are given coloured initials, either red or green, and are numbered, in red Roman numerals, from 1-149; but then the numbers break off at 106v, and the coloured initials have not been written. The scribe for the last two pages is not the original scribe. The list was completed after 1191.

Transcription

105r (select folio number to open facsimile)

Incipiunt nomina pontificum Romane urbis per ordinem
i Petrus apostolus. iii. kl’ iulii.
ii Linus. vi. k’ decemb’.
iii Cletus. vi. kl’ mai.
iiii Clemens. ix. kl’ deceb’.
v Anacletus. iii. id’ iulii.
vi Euaristus. vi. kl’ nou’.
vii Alexander. v. non’ mai.
viii Sixtus. viii. idus april’.
viiii Thelesphorus. non’ ian’.
x Yginus. iii. idus ian’.
xi Pius. v. idus iunii.
xii Anicitus. xii. kl’ mai.
xiii Sother. x. kl’ mai.
xiiii Eleutherus. vii. kl’ iunii.
xv Victor. xii. k’ mai.
xvi Zepherinus. vii. k’ sept’.
xvii Calestus. ii. idus octob’.
xviii Vrbanus. viii. k’ iunii.
xviiii Pontianus. xii. k’ decemb’.
xx Antherus. iii. non’ ian’.
xxi Fabianus. xiii. k’ feb’.
xxii Cornelius. xviii. k’ octob’.
xxiii Lucius. iiii. non’ mart’.
xxiiii Stephanus. iiii. non’ aug’.
xxv Sixtus. viii. idus aug’.
xxvi Dionisius. vii. k’ ian’.
xxvii Felix. iii. k’ iunii.
xxviii Euticianus. vi. id’ decemb’.
xxviiii Gaius. x. k’ mai.
xxx Marcellinus. vi. k’ mai.
xxxi Marcellus. xvii. k’ feb’.
xxxii Eusebius. vi. non’ octob’.
xxxiii Melciades. iiii. idus decemb’.
xxxiiii Siluester. ii. k’ ian’.
xxxv Marcus. non’ oct’.
xxxvi Iulius. ii. id’ april’.
xxxvii Liberius. vii. kl’ mai.
xxxviii Felix. iiii. k’ aug’.
xxxviiii Damasus. iii. id’ decemb’.
xl Syricius. viii. k’ mart’.
xli Anastasius. v. k’ mai.
xlii Innocentius. v. kl’ aug’.
xliii Zosimus. vii. kl’ ianuarii.
xliiii Bonefacius. ix. kl’ nouemb’.
xlv Caelestinus. viii. idus april’.
xlvi Syxtus. viii. idus aug’.
xlvii Leo. iii. idus april’.
xlviii Hilarius. iiii. id’ Sept’.
xlviiii Simplicius. vi. non’ mart’.

105v

l Felix. iiii. k’ aug’.
li Gelasius. xi. kl’ decemb’.
lii Anastasius. xiiii. kl’ decemb’.
liii Simmachus. xiiii. kl’ aug’.
liiii [O]rmisda. viii. idus aug’.
lv Iohannes. xv. kl’ iunii.
lvi [F]elix. iiii. idus octob’.
lvii Bonifacius. xvi. kl’ nou’.
lviii Iohannes, qui et mercurius, vi. kl’ iun’.
lix Agapitus. x. kl’ mai.
lx Siluerius. xii. kl’ iulii.
lxi Vigilius.
lxii Pelagius. vi. non’ mart’.
lxiii Iohannes martyr. iii. idus iul’.
lxiiii Benedictus. ii. kl’ aug’.
lxv Pelagius. viii. idus feb’.
lxvi Gregorius. iiii. idus mar’.
lxvii Sauinianus. vi. kl’ mai.
lxviii Bonifacius. ii. kl’ nouemb’.
lxviii Bonefacius. viii. kl’ iulii.
lxx Deusdedit. vi. idus nouemb’.
lxxi Bonifacius. viii. kl’ nouemb’.
lxxii Honorius. iii. idus octob’.
lxxiii Seuerinus. iiii. non’ aug’.
lxxiiii Iohannes. iii. idus octob’.
lxxv Theodorus. ii. idus mai.
lxxvi Martinus. iiii. id’ nou’.
lxxvii Eugenius. iiii. non’ iunii.
lxxviii Vitalianus. vi. kl’ febr’.
lxxviiii Adeodatus. vi. kl’ iulii.
lxxx Donus. iii. idus aprilis.
lxxxi Agatho. ii. non’ ian’.
lxxxii Leo iunior. v. non’ iulii.
lxxxiii Benedictus. viii. idus mai.
lxxxiiii Iohannes. iiii. non’ aug’.
lxxxv Conon. xii. kl’ octob’.
lxxxvi Slxxxvi Sergius. vii. idus sept’.
lxxxvii Iohannes.
lxxxviii Iohannes. xv. kl’ nou’.
lxxxviiii Sisinnius. viii. idus nou’.
xc Constantinus. vi. idus ian’.
xci Gregorius. iiii. idus febr’.
xcii Gregorius. iiii. kl’ decemb’.
xciii Zacharias. id. mart’.
xciiii Stephanus. v. kl’ mai.
xcv Paulus.
xcvi Constantinus.
xcvii Stephanus.
xcviii Adrianus.
xcviiii Leo sanctus.

106r

c Stephanus.
ci Paschalis.
cii Eugenius.
ciii Valentinus.
ciiii Gregorius.
cv Sergius.
cvi Leo.
cvii Benedictus.
cviii Nicholaus.
cix Adrianus.
cx Iohannes.
cxi Martinus.
cxii Adrianus.
cxiii Stephanus.
cxiiii Formosus.
cxv Bonefatius.
cxvi Stephanus.
cxvii Romanus.
cxviii Theodorus.
cxix Icxix. Iohannes.
cxx Benedictus.
cxxi Leo.
cxxii Christoforus.
cxxiii Sergius.
cxxiiii Anastasius.
cxxv Lando.
cxxvi Iohannes.
cxxvii Leo.
cxxviii Stephanus.
cxxix Icxxix. Iohannes.
cxxx Lcxxx. Leo.
cxxxi Stephanus.
cxxxii Marinus.
cxxxiii Agapitus.
cxxxiiii Iohannes.
cxxxv Benedictus.
cxxxvi Donus.
cxxxvii Bonifatius.
cxxxviii Benedictus.
cxxxix Iohannes.
cxl Iohannes.
cxli Iohannes.
cxlii Gregorius.
cxliii Leo.
cxliiii Iohannes.
cxlv Benedictus.
cxlvi Iohannes.
cxlvii Siluester.
cxlviii Iohannes.
cxlix Iohannes.

106v

(S)ergius.
(B)enedictus.
(J)ohannes.
(B)enedictus.
(S)iluester.
(G)regorius.
(C)lemens.
( )amasus.
(L)eo.
(V)ictor.
(S)tephanus.
(B)enedictus.
(N)icholaus.
(A)lexander.
(G)regorius.
(V)ictor.
(U)rbanus.
( )aschalis.
( )elasius.
( )alixtus.
(H)onorius.
(I)nnocentius.
(C)elestinus.
(L)ucius.
(E)ugenius.
(A)nastasius.
(A)drianus.
(A)lexander.
(L)ucius.
(U)rbanus.
(G)regorius.
(C)lemens.
(C)elestinus.

Translation

Here are the pontiffs of the city of Rome by ordination:

1 Peter the apostle. 3rd kl’ july.

2 Linus. 6th k’ december.

3 Cletus. 6th kl’ may.

4 Clement [I]. 9th kl’ December.

5 Anacletus. 3rd id’ July.

6 Evaristus. 6th kl’ November.

7 Alexander. 5th non’ may.

8 Sixtus [I]. 8th idus april.

9 Telesphorus. non’ january.

10 Hyginus. 3rd idus january.

11 Pius [I]. 5th idus june.

12 Anicetus. 12th kl’ may.

13 Soter. 10th kl’ may.

14 Eleutherius. 12th kl’ june.

15 Victor [I]. 12th k’ may.

16 Zephyrinus. 7th k’ september.

17 Calestus[?]. 2nd idus october.

18 Urban [I]. 8th k’ june.

19 Pontian. 12th k’ december.

20 Anterus. 3rd non’ january.

21 Fabian. 13th k’ february.

22 Cornelius. 18th k’ october.

23 Lucius [I]. 4th non’ march.

24 Stephan [I]. 4th non’ august.

25 Sixtus [II]. 8th idus august.

26 Dionysius. vii. k’ january.

27 Felix. iii. k’ june.

28 Eutychian. vi. id’ december.

29 Caius. x. k’ may.

30 Marcellinus. vi. k’ may.

31 Marcellus. xvii. k’ february.

32 Eusebius. vi. non’ october.

33 Miltiades. iiii. idus december.

34 Sylvester. ii. k’ january.

35 Mark. non’ october.

36 Julius [I]. ii. id’ april.

37 Liberius. vii. kl’ may.

38 Felix [II]. iiii. k’ august.

39 Damasus. iii. id’ december.

40 Siricius. viii. k’ march.

41 Anastasius. v. k’ may.

42 Innocent [I]. v. kl’ august.

43 Zosimus. vii. kl’ january.

44 Boniface [I]. ix. kl’ november.

45 Celestine [I]. viii. idus april.

46 Sixtus [III]. viii. idus august.

47 Leo [I]. iii. idus april.

48 Hilary. iiii. id’ September.

49 Simplicius. vi. non’ march.

50 Felix [III]. iiii. k’ august.

51 Gelasius [I]. xi. kl’ december.

52 Anastasius [II]. xiiii. kl’ december.

53 Symmachus. xiiii. kl’ august.

54 Hormisdas. viii. idus august.

55 Iohn [I]. xv. kl’ june.

56. Felix [IV]. iiii. idus october.

57 Boniface [II]. xvi. kl’ november

58 John [II], qui et mercurius, vi. kl’ june.

59 Agapetus [I]. x. kl’ may.

60 Silverius. xii. kl’ july.

61 Vigilius.

62 Pelagius [I]. vi. non’ march.

63 John [III] the martyr. iii. idus july.

64 Benedict [I]. ii. kl’ august.

65 Pelagius [II]. viii. idus february.

66 Gregory [I]. iiii. idus march.

67 Sabinian. vi. kl’ may.

68 Boniface [III]. ii. kl’ november.

69 Boniface [IV]. viii. kl’ july.

70 Adeodatus [I]. vi. idus november.

71 Boniface [V]. viii. kl’ november.

72 Honorius [I]. iii. idus october.

73 Severinus. iiii. non’ august.

74 John [IV]. iii. idus october.

75 Theodore [I]. ii. idus may.

76 Martin [I]. iiii. id’ november.

77 Eugene [I]. iiii. non’ june.

78 Vitalian. vi. kl’ february.

79 Adeodatus. vi. kl’ july.

80 Donus. iii. idus april.

81 Agatho. ii. non’ january.

82 Leo [II] junior. v. non’ july.

83 Benedict [II]. viii. idus may.

84 John [V]. iiii. non’ august.

85 Conon. xii. kl’ october.

86 Sergius [I]. vii. idus september.

87 John [VI].

88 John [VII]. xv. kl’ november.

89 Sisinnius. viii. idus november.

90 Constantine. vi. idus january.

91 Gregory [II]. iiii. idus february.

92 Gregory [III]. iiii. kl’ december.

93 Zachary. id. march.

94 Stephen [I]. v. kl’ may.

95 Paul [I].

96 Constantine.

97 Stephen [III?].

98 Adrian [I].

99 Saint Leo [III].

100 Stephen [IV].

101 Paschal [I].

102 Eugene [II].

103 Valentine.

104 Gregory [IV].

105 Sergius [II].

106 Leo [IV].

107 Benedict [III].

108 Nicholas [I].

109 Adrian [II].

110 John [VIII].

111 Marinus [I].

112 Adrian [III].

113 Stephen [V].

114 Formosus.

115 Boniface [VI].

116 Stephen [VI].

117 Romanus.

118 Theodore [II].

119 John [IX].

120 Benedict [IV].

121 Leo [V].

122 Christopher.

123 Sergius [III].

124 Anastasius [III].

125 Lando.

126 John [X].

127 Leo [VI].

128 Stephen [VII].

129 John [XI].

130 Leo [VII].

131 Stephen [VIII].

132 Marinus [II].

133 Agapetus [II].

134 John [XII].

135 Benedict [V].

136 Donus[?].

137 Boniface [VII].

138 Benedict [VII].

139 John [XIV].

140 John [XV].

141 John [XVI].

142 Gregory [V].

143 Leo.

144 Iohannes.

145 Benedict [VII?].

146 John [XVI].

147 Sylvester [II].

148 Iohannes.

149 Iohannes.

Sergius.

Benedictus.

Johannes.

Benedictus.

Siluester.

Gregorius.

Clemens.

( )amasus.

Leo.

Victor.

Stephanus.

Benedictus.

Nicholaus.

Alexander.

Gregorius.

Victor.

Urban.

( )aschalis.

( )elasius.

( )alixtus.

Honorius.

Innocent.

Celestine.

Lucius.

Eugene.

Anastasius.

Adrian.

Alexander.

Lucius.

Urban.

Gregory.

Clement.

Celestine.

List of the Bishops of Jerusalem, c.1123

List of the Bishops of Jerusalem, c.1124 AD. Translation of Textus Roffensis, ff. 107v-110r by Jacob Scott.

The lists are written in two columns: each section begins with a rubric, and names are numbered in Red roman numerals. There are spaces left at the end of some of the lists, apparently for updating names.

Folio

Transcription

Literal Translation (see Translation Notes)

107v (select folio number to open facsimile)

Incipiunt nomi-

Here begins the

na episcoporum Heiroso-

names of the bishops of the

limæ urbis.

city of Jerusalem.

i Primus iesus filius iosedech.

1 First was Jesus son of on high.

ii Ioachim.

2 Joachim

iii Elyasib filius eius.

3 Elyasib his son.

iiii Ioachim qui et iudas

Joachim, who is son of Judas

filius elyasib.

son of elyasib.

4 Elyasib.

v Iohannes filius eius.

5 John his son.

vi Iaddus.

6 Iaddus.

vii Onias.

7 King.

viii Simon iustus.

8 Simon the just.

ix Eleazar frater eius.

9 Eleazar his brother.

x Mannases patruus eius.

10 Mannases uncle.

xi Onias filius symo-

11 Onias son of

nis iusti.

Simon the Just.

xii Simon.

12 Simon.

xiii Onias.

13 Onias.

xiii Iesus qui et iason frater eius.

14 Jesus and his brother, Jason.

xv Onias qui et menelaus.

15 Onias

xvi Alchimus qui et ioachim.

16 Alchimus

xvii Iudas machabeus.

17VJudah Maccabee.

xviii Ionathas frater eius.

18 his brother Jonathan.

xix Simon tercius frater.

19 Simon was third brother.

108r

xx Iohannes qui et ircanus

20 John ircanus here and Ircanus

filius symonis, filii

the son of Simon, son

eius aristobolus, an-

of Aristobulus,

tigonus, alexan-

Antigonus,

der, et alii duo.

Alexander, and two others.

xxi Aristobolus, i. annum.

21 Aristobolus, i. year.

xxii Alexander, rex et sacerdos.

22 Alexander, king and priest.

xxiii Yrcanus et aristobo-

23 Yrcanus and

lus filius eius de pote-

Aristobolus son might be

state confligunt,

in conflict,

sed yrcanus a pom-

but Yrcanus from

peio pontifex pre-

Pompei high

ficitur.

preficitur.

xxiiii Antigonus filius ari-

24 Antigonns son

stoboli fratris

Aristobulus brother

ircani. Postea

ircani. After

defecit regnum

failed kingship

et sacerdotium iudeorum.

and Jews.

Itaque herodes rex

King Herod,

xxv filius antipatri ana-

25 The son of Antipater

leum quendam de

analeum an invitation

babilonia accitum

from Babilonia

xxv. pontificem

25. pontiff appointed

iudeorum constituit.

Jews constitution.

Post uero exiguum xxvi.

After

xxvi aristobolum

26 Aristobulum

fratrem uxoris suae

brother of his wife

marianinae nepotem

Marian

hircam successorem

successor

dedit.

he gave.

Quo post

After one

annum interfecto,

year

analeo reddidit

sacerdotium. Tunc

Then

defecerunt pontifi-

the pontiffs

ces ueteris testa-

of the Old

menti.

Testament.